Proprioceptive Equalization in Manual Control Cybernetics

Master Thesis (2025)
Author(s)

S. Bhatia (TU Delft - Aerospace Engineering)

Contributor(s)

M. Mulder – Mentor (TU Delft - Aerospace Engineering)

M.M. van Paassen – Mentor (TU Delft - Aerospace Engineering)

J. Ellerbroek – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Aerospace Engineering)

Faculty
Aerospace Engineering
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Graduation Date
28-05-2025
Awarding Institution
Delft University of Technology
Programme
Aerospace Engineering
Faculty
Aerospace Engineering
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Abstract

Pilot manual control behavior has traditionally been modeled using purely visually driven quasi-linear frameworks. The role of proprioception and manipulator feedback (force and position) in shaping pilot dynamics for equalization has been theorized in literature, however well-grounded models that check all boxes remain elusive. This project investigated the feasibility of proprioceptive equalization utilizing a mechanical model of the neuromuscular system (NMS). Frequency domain analysis and root locus methods reveal that muscle spindle and tendon feedback may affect characteristics near the region of crossover, but cannot independently achieve the integrator-like open-loop characteristics required for effective equalization. A mixed equalization strategy based on combining force feedback with visual compensation is shown to be physiologically plausible and theoretically effective in reducing pilot effort. Qualitative comparison against experimental trends supports the conclusion that proprioception contributes to neuromuscular stabilization and performance enhancement; however, it could not conclusively prove the possibility of equalization.

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