The Qbead
BSc Graduation Thesis: Hardware Subgroup
H. Bakker (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)
R.A. Gosselink (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)
F.G.W. van der Wal (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)
C. Errando Herranz – Mentor (TU Delft - QID/Herranz Lab)
Nick van der Meijs – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Signal Processing Systems)
Rudi Santbergen – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Photovoltaic Materials and Devices)
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Abstract
This thesis presents the hardware development of the Qbead, an educational tool designed to make knowledge about quantum computing more accessible through a tangible representation of a qubit using a spherical LED display. The Qbead simulates the Bloch sphere, enabling users to visualize quantum states and gate operations in an interactive, physical format. The project focused on redesigning the Qbead’s hardware to address limitations in the previous version, including insufficient LED density, fragile PCB structure, and complex assembly. Key improvements include a newly designed flexible PCB with 107 LEDs arranged for more homogeneous coverage, a custom microcontroller shield integrating a 9-axis IMU and reducing soldering complexity, and an upgraded 3D-printed casing that improves structural integrity and simplifies assembly. These enhancements were validated through prototyping and testing, showing improved usability.