Mechanisms governing carbon and nitrogen pathways during enhanced waste degradation in landfill simulator reactors

Nitrogen undergoes multiple biogeochemical transformations during waste degradation, which depend on speciation, prevailing geochemical boundary conditions, and waste surface properties. This study developed a waste biodegradation model with high flexibility in accommodating reaction pathways to assess different process dynamics. The model was...

In Situ Study of Hydrogen Permeable Electrodes for Electrolytic Ammonia Synthesis Using Near Ambient Pressure XPS

Hydrogen permeable electrodes can be utilized for electrolytic ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen, water, and renewable electricity under ambient conditions, providing a promising route toward sustainable ammonia. The understanding of the interactions of adsorbing N and permeating H at the catalytic interface is a critical step toward the...

Altitudinal analysis of carbon stocks in the Antisana páramo, Ecuadorian Andes

Aims The importance of quantifying carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for determining climate change dynamics. However, the present regional assessments of carbon stocks in tropical grasslands are extrapolated to unsampled areas with a high degree of uncertainty and without considering the carbon and nitrogen composition of...

Developing Anammox for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment

Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), like activated sludge systems, are energy demanding requiring a large electrical energy supply (e.g. 25 kWh PE-1 year-1) which, especially during peak-load periods, may account for an important quote of the grid installed power of the surrounding area. Only across the EU, there are 16000 WWTPs...

System Merits or Failures?: Policies for Transition to Sustainable P and N Systems in The Netherlands and Finland

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles are absolutely vital in maintaining sustainable food systems. Human activities disturb the natural balance of these cycles by creating enormous additional nutrient fluxes, causing eutrophication of waterways and pollution in land systems. To tackle this problem, sustainable nutrient management is required....

Vacuum testing of a micropropulsion system based on solid propellant cool gas generators

The number of micro and nano satellite projects is expanding. Main focus is on providing these small satellites with the same capabilities as today's larger satellites. In the field of propulsion, efforts are on miniaturization of the on-board propulsion system. This though presents major challenges to the designers. TNO Defence, Security and...

Nanopositioning of a diamond nanocrystal containing a single nitrogen-vacancy defect center

Precise control over the position of a single quantum object is important for many experiments in quantum science and nanotechnology. We report on a technique for high-accuracy positioning of individual diamond nanocrystals. The positioning is done with a home-built nanomanipulator under real-time scanning electron imaging, yielding an accuracy...

Generation and transport of photoexcited electrons in single-crystal diamond

We report time-dependent photocurrent and transport measurements of sub-bandgap photoexcited carriers in nitrogen-rich (type Ib), single-crystal diamond. Transient carrier dynamics are characteristic of trapping conduction with long charge storage lifetimes of ? 3?hours. By measuring the photoexcited Hall effect, we confirm that the charge...

Evaluatie nutriënten monitoring in de winter in de Nederlandse: Trend, normtoetsing en monitoringstrategie

In de periode 1991-1998 zijn er, naast het reguliere monitoringprogramma (MWTL), additionele locaties bemonsterd voor opgelost anorganisch stikstof (DIN) en fosfaat (DIP) door Directie Noordzee. In deze nota wordt de vraag beantwoord of deze extra monsters nu ook meer informatie hebben gegeven. Meer specifiek zijn de vragen: is de trend in de...

Iron-Nitrogen Phases: Thermodynamics, long-range order and oxidation behaviour, IJzer-Stikstof Fasen: terhmodynamica, lange-afstands orde en oxidatie gedrag

Operationalisering van het waterkwaliteitsmodel Schelde-estuarium: Uitbreiding procesformuleringen met denitrificatie waterkolom

Belasting van de Nederlandse bodem met meststoffen, ten behoeve van de voor de Commissie Stikstof uitgevoerde landelijke berekeningen van de stikstofuit- en afspoeling vanuit de landbouw

Water-landbouw-milieu: Vergelijking modelresultaten ANIMO en NITSOL/PHOSOL voor PAWN-distrikt 29

Onderzoek naar het stikstof en fosforgehalte van de bodem in het stroomgebied van de Hupselse beek: Verslag monstercampagne en vergelijking met modelberekeningen

Zuurstofmodel Westerschelde