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Efficient mid-infrared single-photon detection using superconducting NbTiN nanowires with high time resolution in a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler

Chang, J. (author), Los, Johannes W.N. (author), Gourgues, Ronan (author), Steinhauer, Stephan (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Pereira, S.F. (author), Urbach, Paul (author), Zwiller, Val (author), Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z. (author)

Shortly after their inception, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) became the leading quantum light detection technology. With the capability of detecting single-photons with near-unity efficiency, high time resolution, low dark count rate, and fast recovery time, SNSPDs outperform conventional single-photon detection...

journal article 2022

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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: A perspective on evolution, state-of-the-art, future developments, and applications

Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z. (author), Chang, J. (author), Los, Johannes W.N. (author), Gyger, Samuel (author), Elshaari, Ali W. (author), Steinhauer, Stephan (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, Val (author)

Two decades after their demonstration, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have become indispensable tools for quantum photonics as well as for many other photon-starved applications. This invention has not only led to a burgeoning academic field with a wide range of applications but also triggered industrial efforts....

journal article 2021

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Detecting telecom single photons with 99.5 - 2.07 + 0.5 % system detection efficiency and high time resolution

Chang, J. (author), Los, J. W.N. (author), Tenorio Pearl, J.O. (author), Noordzij, N. (author), Gourgues, R.B.M. (author), Guardiani, A. (author), Zichi, J. R. (author), Pereira, S.F. (author), Urbach, Paul (author), Zwiller, V. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z. (author)

Single photon detectors are indispensable tools in optics, from fundamental measurements to quantum information processing. The ability of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) to detect single photons with unprecedented efficiency, short dead time, and high time resolution over a large frequency range enabled major...

journal article 2021

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Efficient Single-Photon Detection with 7.7 ps Time Resolution for Photon-Correlation Measurements

Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z. (author), Chang, J. (author), Van Staaden, Yuri J. (author), Swens, Jeroen P.E. (author), Dobrovolskiy, S.M. (author), Schaart, D.R. (author), Pereira, S.F. (author), Zwiller, Val (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author)

A broad range of scientific and industrial disciplines require precise optical measurements at very low light levels. Single-photon detectors combining high efficiency and high time resolution are pivotal in such experiments. By using relatively thick films of NbTiN (8-11 nm) and improving the pattern fidelity of the nanostructure of the...

journal article 2020

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Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors operating at temperature from 4 to 7 K

Gourgues, R.B.M. (author), Los, J.W.N. (author), Zichi, Julien (author), Chang, J. (author), Kalhor, N. (author), Bulgarini, G. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, Val (author), Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z. (author)

We experimentally investigate the performance of NbTiN superconducting nanowire single photon detectors above the base temperature of a conventional Gifford-McMahon cryocooler (2.5 K). By tailoring design and thickness (8 - 13 nm) of the detectors, high performance, high operating temperature, single-photon detection from the visible to...

journal article 2019

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Integration of Colloidal PbS/CdS Quantum Dots with Plasmonic Antennas and Superconducting Detectors on a Silicon Nitride Photonic Platform

Elsinger, Lukas (author), Gourgues, R.B.M. (author), Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z. (author), Maes, Jorick (author), Guardiani, A. (author), Bulgarini, G. (author), Pereira, S.F. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, V.G. (author)

Single-photon sources and detectors are indispensable building blocks for integrated quantum photonics, a research field that is seeing ever increasing interest for numerous applications. In this work, we implemented essential components for a quantum key distribution transceiver on a single photonic chip. Plasmonic antennas on top of silicon...

journal article 2019

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Controlled integration of selected detectors and emitters in photonic integrated circuits

Gourgues, R.B.M. (author), Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z. (author), Elshaari, A.W.A. (author), Bulgarini, G. (author), Los, J.W.N. (author), Zichi, Julien (author), Dalacu, Dan (author), Poole, Philip J. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, And V.A.L. (author)

Integration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and quantum sources with photonic waveguides is crucial for realizing advanced quantum integrated circuits. However, scalability is hindered by stringent requirements on high-performance detectors. Here we overcome the yield limitation by controlled coupling of photonic channels...

journal article 2019

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Multimode-fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with high detection efficiency and time resolution

Chang, J. (author), Esmaeil Zadeh, I.Z. (author), Los, Johannes W.N. (author), Zichi, Julien (author), Fognini, Andreas (author), Gevers, Monique (author), Dorenbos, Sander (author), Pereira, S.F. (author), Urbach, Paul (author), Zwiller, Val (author)

In the past decade, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have gradually become an indispensable part of any demanding quantum optics experiment. Until now, most SNSPDs have been coupled to single-mode fibers. SNSPDs coupled to multimode fibers have shown promising efficiencies but have yet to achieve high time resolution....

journal article 2019

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Design of broadband high-efficiency superconducting-nanowire single photon detectors

Redaelli, L. (author), Bulgarini, G. (author), Dobrovolskiy, S. (author), Dorenbos, S. N. (author), Zwiller, V.G. (author), Monroy, E (author), Gerard, J.A. (author)

In this paper several designs to maximize the absorption efficiency of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors are investigated. Using a simple optical cavity consisting of a gold mirror and a SiO₂ layer, the absorption efficiency can be boosted to over 97%: this result is confirmed experimentally by the realization of an...

journal article 2016

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Photon pair generation in a silicon micro-ring resonator with reverse bias enhancement

Engin, E. (author), Bonneau, D. (author), Natarajan, C.M. (author), Clark, A.S. (author), Tanner, M.G. (author), Hadfield, R.H. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, V.G. (author), Ohira, K. (author), Suzuki, N. (author), Yoshida, H. (author), Iizuka, N. (author), Ezaki, M. (author), O’Brien, J.L. (author), Thompson, M.G. (author)

Photon sources are fundamental components for any quantum photonic technology. The ability to generate high count-rate and low-noise correlated photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion using bulk crystals has been the cornerstone of modern quantum optics. However, future practical quantum technologies will require a scalable...

journal article 2013

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Capacitive readout and gating of superconducting single photon detectors

Azzouz, H. (author), Heeres, R.W. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Schouten, R.N. (author), Zwiller, V. (author)

We propose and develop a readout scheme for superconducting single-photon detectors based on an integrated circuit, relaxing the need for large bandwidth amplification and resulting in voltage steps proportional to the number of detected photons. We also demonstrate time gating, to filter scattered light in time and reduce dark counts. This...

journal article 2013

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Kilometer-range, high resolution depth imaging via 1560 nm wavelength single-photon detection

McCarthy, A. (author), Krichel, N.J. (author), Gemmell, N.R. (author), Ren, X. (author), Tanner, M.G. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, V. (author), Hadfield, R.H. (author), Buller, G.S. (author)

This paper highlights a significant advance in time-of-flight depth imaging: by using a scanning transceiver which incorporated a free-running, low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, we were able to obtain centimeter resolution depth images of low-signature objects in daylight at stand-off distances of the order of one...

journal article 2013

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Singlet oxygen luminescence detection with a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Gemmell, N.R. (author), McCarthy, A. (author), Liu, B. (author), Tanner, M.G. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, V. (author), Patterson, M.S. (author), Buller, G.S. (author), Wilson, B.C. (author), Hadfield, R.H. (author)

Direct monitoring of singlet oxygen (1O2) luminescence is a particularly challenging infrared photodetection problem. 1O2, an excited state of the oxygen molecule, is a crucial intermediate in many biological processes. We employ a low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detector to record 1O2 luminescence at 1270 nm wavelength from a...

journal article 2013

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Quantum detector tomography of a time-multiplexed superconducting nanowire single-photon detector at telecom wavelengths

Natarajan, C.M. (author), Zhang, L. (author), Coldenstrodt-Ronge, H. (author), Donati, G. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, V. (author), Walmsley, I.A. (author), Hadfield, R.H. (author)

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are widely used in telecom wavelength optical quantum information science applications. Quantum detector tomography allows the positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) of a single-photon detector to be determined. We use an all-fiber telecom wavelength detector tomography test bed to...

journal article 2013

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Measuring the quantum nature of light with a single source and a single detector

Steudle, G.A. (author), Schietinger, S. (author), Höckel, D. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zadeh, I.E. (author), Zwiller, V. (author), Benson, O. (author)

An elementary experiment in optics consists of a light source and a detector. Yet, if the source generates nonclassical correlations such an experiment is capable of unambiguously demonstrating the quantum nature of light. We realized such an experiment with a defect center in diamond and a superconducting detector. Previous experiments relied...

journal article 2012

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Efficient single particle detection with a superconducting nanowire

Azzouz, H. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), De Vries, D. (author), Bermudez Urena, E. (author), Zwiller, V. (author)

Detection of ?- and ?-particles is of paramount importance in a wide range of applications. Current particle detectors are all macroscopic and have limited time resolution. We demonstrate a nanoscale particle detector with a small detection volume, high detection efficiency, short dead times and low dark count levels. We measure ?- and ?...

journal article 2012

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Quantum interference and manipulation of entanglement in silicon wire waveguide quantum circuits

Bonneau, D. (author), Engin, E. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, V. (author)

Integrated quantum photonic waveguide circuits are a promising approach to realizing future photonic quantum technologies. Here, we present an integrated photonic quantum technology platform utilizing the silicon-oninsulator material system, where quantum interference and the manipulation of quantum states of light are demonstrated in components...

journal article 2012

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Longitudinal and transverse exciton-spin relaxation in a single InAsP quantum dot embedded inside a standing InP nanowire using photoluminescence spectroscopy

Sasakura, H. (author), Hermannstädter, C. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Akopian, N. (author), Van Kouwen, M.P. (author), Motohisa, J. (author), Kobayashi, Y. (author), Kumano, H. (author), Kondo, K. (author), Tomioka, K. (author), Fukui, T. (author), Suemune, I. (author), Zwiller, V. (author)

We have investigated the optical properties of a single InAsP quantum dot embedded in a standing InP nanowire. Elongation of the transverse exciton-spin relaxation time of the exciton state with decreasing excitation power was observed by first-order photon correlation measurements. This behavior is well explained by the motional narrowing...

journal article 2012

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Fast Path and Polarization Manipulation of Telecom Wavelength Single Photons in Lithium Niobate Waveguide Devices

Bonneau, D. (author), Lobino, M. (author), Jiang, P. (author), Natarajan, C.M. (author), Tanner, M.G. (author), Hadfield, R.H. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zwiller, V. (author), Thompson, M.G. (author), O'Brien, J.L. (author)

We demonstrate fast polarization and path control of photons at 1550 nm in lithium niobate waveguide devices using the electro-optic effect. We show heralded single photon state engineering, quantum interference, fast state preparation of two entangled photons, and feedback control of quantum interference. These results point the way to a single...

journal article 2012

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Generation of degenerate, factorizable, pulsed squeezed light at telecom wavelengths

Gerrits, T. (author), Stevens, M.J. (author), Baek, B. (author), Calkins, B. (author), Lita, A. (author), Glancy, S. (author), Knill, E. (author), Nam, S.W. (author), Mirin, R.P. (author), Hadfield, R.H. (author), Bennink, R.S. (author), Grice, W.P. (author), Dorenbos, S.N. (author), Zijlstra, T. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author), Zwiller, V. (author)

We characterize a periodically poled KTP crystal that produces an entangled, two-mode, squeezed state with orthogonal polarizations, nearly identical, factorizable frequency modes, and few photons in unwanted frequency modes. We focus the pump beam to create a nearly circular joint spectral probability distribution between the two modes. After...

journal article 2011