High-Power Digital Transmitters for Wireless Infrastructure Applications (A Feasibility Study)

Fully digital transmitters (DTXs) have the potential of replacing analog-intensive transmitter (TX) line-ups in future massive multiple-input and multiple-output (mMIMO) systems since they hold the promise of higher system integration level and energy efficiency. DTX operation so far has been limited to low RF output powers. This article...

Improved catalyst formulations for the conversion of glycerol to bio-based aromatics

The catalytic conversion of glycerol to aromatics (GTA, e.g., benzene, toluene, and xylenes, BTX) over a shaped H-ZSM-5/Al₂O₃ (60/40 wt%) catalyst was investigated in a continuous fixed-bed reactor to study the addition of the Al₂O₃ binder in the catalyst formulation on catalyst performance. The...

Catalytic conversion of pure glycerol over an un-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite to bio-based aromatics

The catalytic conversion of pure glycerol to bio-aromatics (bio-BTX) over an un-modified H-ZSM-5 (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio of 23) via an ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis approach in a continuous tandem-micro reactor at a scale of 1 g glycerol h⁻¹ was investigated. A BTX peak carbon yield of 28.1 ± 0.2 %...

Catalytic conversion of glycerol to bio-based aromatics using H-ZSM-5 in combination with various binders

The use of H-ZSM-5 with various binders (Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and kaolinite, 10 wt% on catalyst formulation) for the catalytic conversion of glycerol to bio-based aromatics (GTA) was investigated in a continuous bench-scale unit at a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C, catalytic upgrading temperature of 500 °C, WHSV of...

Relationship between the construction costs and the reliability index of quay walls

Structures, such as quay walls, have to meet a particular level of safety. Consequently, in the Eurocode standards, three reliability classes are distinguished, each corresponding to a target reliability index and set of partial factors. In this study, more insight is acquired into the relationship between the quay wall's construction costs...

Overcoming power broadening of the quantum dot emission in a pure wurtzite nanowire

One of the key challenges in developing quantum networks is to generate single photons with high brightness, purity, and long temporal coherence. Semiconductor quantum dots potentially satisfy these requirements; however, due to imperfections in the surrounding material, the coherence generally degrades with increasing excitation power...

Fermentation broth components influence droplet coalescence and hinder advanced biofuel recovery during fermentation

Developments in synthetic biology enabled the microbial production of long chain hydrocarbons, which can be used as advanced biofuels in aviation or transportation. Currently, these fuels are not economically competitive due to their production costs. The current process offers room for improvement: by utilizing lignocellulosic feedstock,...

Capacitive readout and gating of superconducting single photon detectors

We propose and develop a readout scheme for superconducting single-photon detectors based on an integrated circuit, relaxing the need for large bandwidth amplification and resulting in voltage steps proportional to the number of detected photons. We also demonstrate time gating, to filter scattered light in time and reduce dark counts. This...

Superconducting detector dynamics studied by quantum pump-probe spectroscopy

We explore the dynamics of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) on the picosecond time-scale using a correlated photon-pair source based on spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC), corresponding to a pump-probe experiment at the single-photon level. We show that the detector can operate in a regime where the two-photon detection...

Effect of a nanoparticle on the optical properties of a photonic crystal cavity: Theory and experiment

Single quantum emitters can be coupled to photonic crystal (PC) cavities by placing their host nanoparticles into the cavity field. We describe fabrication, characterization, and tuning of gallium-phosphide PC cavities that resonate in the visible, and simulations and measurements of the effect of a nanoparticle on the optical properties of...

Deterministic nanoassembly of a coupled quantum emitter–photonic crystal cavity system

Controlling the interaction of a single quantum emitter with its environment is a key challenge in quantum optics. Here, we demonstrate deterministic coupling of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers to high-quality photonic crystal cavities. We preselect single NV centers and position their 50-nm-sized host nanocrystals into the mode maximum of...

Nanopositioning of a diamond nanocrystal containing a single nitrogen-vacancy defect center

Precise control over the position of a single quantum object is important for many experiments in quantum science and nanotechnology. We report on a technique for high-accuracy positioning of individual diamond nanocrystals. The positioning is done with a home-built nanomanipulator under real-time scanning electron imaging, yielding an accuracy...

A gradient-enhanced damage approach to fracture