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Transient thermal characterization of suspended monolayer MoS2

Dolleman, R.J. (author), Lloyd, David (author), Lee, M. (author), Scott Bunch, J. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

We measure the thermal time constants of suspended single-layer molybdenum disulfide drums by their thermomechanical response to a high-frequency modulated laser. From this measurement, the thermal diffusivity of single-layer MoS2 is found to be 1.14×10-5m2/s on average. Using a model for the thermal time constants and a model assuming...

journal article 2018

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Highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties of 2D layered As₂S₃ membranes

Siskins, M. (author), Lee, M. (author), Alijani, F. (author), Van Blankenstein, Mark R. (author), Davidovikj, D. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with strong in-plane anisotropy are of interest for enabling orientation-dependent, frequency-tunable, optomechanical devices. However, black phosphorus (bP), the 2D material with the largest anisotropy to date, is unstable as it degrades in air. In this work we show that As₂S₃ is an...

journal article 2019

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Sealing graphene nanodrums

Lee, M. (author), Davidovikj, D. (author), Sajadi, B. (author), Siskins, M. (author), Alijani, F. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Despite theoretical predictions that graphene should be impermeable to all gases, practical experiments on sealed graphene nanodrums show small leak rates. Thus far, the exact mechanism for this permeation has remained unclear, because different potential leakage pathways have not been studied separately. Here, we demonstrate a sealing method...

journal article 2019

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High-frequency gas effusion through nanopores in suspended graphene

Roslon, I.E. (author), Dolleman, R.J. (author), Licona, H. (author), Lee, M. (author), Siskins, M. (author), Lebius, H. (author), Madauß, L. (author), Schleberger, M. (author), Alijani, F. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Porous, atomically thin graphene membranes have interesting properties for filtration and sieving applications. Here, graphene membranes are used to pump gases through nanopores using optothermal forces, enabling the study of gas flow through nanopores at frequencies above 100 kHz. At these frequencies, the motion of graphene is closely...

journal article 2020

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Drawing WS₂thermal sensors on paper substrates

Lee, M. (author), Mazaheri, Ali (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Frisenda, Riccardo (author), Castellanos-Gomez, Andres (author)

Paper based thermoresistive sensors are fabricated by rubbing WS2 powder against a piece of standard copier paper, like the way a pencil is used to write on paper. The abrasion between the layered material and the rough paper surface erodes the material, breaking the weak van der Waals interlayer bonds, yielding a film of interconnected...

journal article 2020

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Sensitive capacitive pressure sensors based on graphene membrane arrays

Siskins, M. (author), Lee, M. (author), Wehenkel, D. (author), van Rijn, R. (author), de Jong, Tijmen W. (author), Renshof, Johannes R. (author), Hopman, Berend C. (author), Peters, Willemijn S.J.M. (author), Davidovikj, D. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

The high flexibility, impermeability and strength of graphene membranes are key properties that can enable the next generation of nanomechanical sensors. However, for capacitive pressure sensors, the sensitivity offered by a single suspended graphene membrane is too small to compete with commercial sensors. Here, we realize highly sensitive...

journal article 2020

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Magnetic and electronic phase transitions probed by nanomechanical resonators

Siskins, M. (author), Lee, M. (author), Mañas-Valero, Samuel (author), Coronado, Eugenio (author), Blanter, Y.M. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

The reduced dimensionality of two-dimensional (2D) materials results in characteristic types of magnetically and electronically ordered phases. However, only few methods are available to study this order, in particular in ultrathin insulating antiferromagnets that couple weakly to magnetic and electronic probes. Here, we demonstrate that...

journal article 2020

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A Mechanically Tunable Quantum Dot in a Graphene Break Junction

Caneva, S. (author), Hermans, Matthijs (author), Lee, M. (author), García-Fuente, Amador (author), Watanabe, Kenji (author), Taniguchi, Takashi (author), Dekker, C. (author), Ferrer, Jaime (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Gehring, P. (author)

Graphene quantum dots (QDs) are intensively studied as platforms for the next generation of quantum electronic devices. Fine tuning of the transport properties in monolayer graphene QDs, in particular with respect to the independent modulation of the tunnel barrier transparencies, remains challenging and is typically addressed using...

journal article 2020

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Nanoelectromechanical sensors based on suspended 2D materials

Lemme, Max C. (author), Wagner, Stefan (author), Lee, Kangho (author), Fan, Xuge (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Wittmann, Sebastian (author), Lukas, Sebastian (author), Dolleman, R.J. (author), Niklaus, Frank (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Duesberg, Georg S. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

The unique properties and atomic thickness of two-dimensional (2D) materials enable smaller and better nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel functionalities. During the last decade, many studies have successfully shown the feasibility of using suspended membranes of 2D materials in pressure sensors, microphones, accelerometers, and mass...

review 2020

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MoS₂-on-paper optoelectronics: Drawing photodetectors with van der Waals semiconductors beyond graphite

Mazaheri, Ali (author), Lee, M. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Frisenda, Riccardo (author), Castellanos Gomez, A. (author)

We fabricate paper-supported semiconducting devices by rubbing a layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystal onto a piece of paper, similar to the action of drawing/writing with a pencil on paper. We show that the abrasion between the MoS2 crystal and the paper substrate efficiently exfoliates the crystals, breaking the weak van der Waals...

journal article 2020

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Controlling the anisotropy of a van der Waals antiferromagnet with light

Afanasiev, D. (author), Hortensius, J.R. (author), Matthiesen, M. (author), Siskins, M. (author), Lee, M. (author), Lesne, E.L. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Ivanov, B. (author), Caviglia, A. (author)

Van der Waals magnets provide an ideal playground to explore the fundamentals of low-dimensional magnetism and open opportunities for ultrathin spin-processing devices. The Mermin-Wagner theorem dictates that as in reduced dimensions isotropic spin interactions cannot retain long-range correlations, the long-range spin order is stabilized by...

journal article 2021

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Tunable Strong Coupling of Mechanical Resonance between Spatially Separated FePS₃Nanodrums

Siskins, M. (author), Sokolovskaya, E. (author), Lee, M. (author), Mañas-Valero, Samuel (author), Davidovikj, D. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Coupled nanomechanical resonators made of two-dimensional materials are promising for processing information with mechanical modes. However, the challenge for these systems is to control the coupling. Here, we demonstrate strong coupling of motion between two suspended membranes of the magnetic 2D material FePS3. We describe a tunable...

journal article 2021

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Tuning nonlinear damping in graphene nanoresonators by parametric–direct internal resonance

Keşkekler, A. (author), Shoshani, Oriel (author), Lee, M. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Alijani, F. (author)

Mechanical sources of nonlinear damping play a central role in modern physics, from solid-state physics to thermodynamics. The microscopic theory of mechanical dissipation suggests that nonlinear damping of a resonant mode can be strongly enhanced when it is coupled to a vibration mode that is close to twice its resonance frequency. To date,...

journal article 2021

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Integrating van der Waals materials on paper substrates for electrical and optical applications

Zhang, Wenliang (author), Zhao, Qinghua (author), Munuera, Carmen (author), Lee, M. (author), Flores, Eduardo (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Wang, Tao (author), Frisenda, Riccardo (author), Castellanos-Gomez, Andres (author)

Paper holds the promise to replace silicon substrates in applications like internet of things or disposable electronics that require ultra-low-cost electronic components and an environmentally friendly electronic waste management. In the last years, spurred by the abovementioned properties of paper as a substrate and the exceptional...

journal article 2021

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Study of charge density waves in suspended 2H-TaS₂ and 2H-TaSe₂ by nanomechanical resonance

Lee, M. (author), Siskins, M. (author), Mañas-Valero, Samuel (author), Coronado, Eugenio (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author)

The charge density wave (CDW) state in van der Waals systems shows interesting scaling phenomena as the number of layers can significantly affect the CDW transition temperature, T_CDW. However, it is often difficult to use conventional methods to study the phase transition in these systems due to their small size and sensitivity to...

journal article 2021

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Chemical Design and Magnetic Ordering in Thin Layers of 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

López-Cabrelles, Javier (author), Mañas-Valero, Samuel (author), Vitórica-Yrezábal, Iñigo J. (author), Siskins, M. (author), Lee, M. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Mínguez Espallargas, Guillermo (author), Coronado, Eugenio (author)

Through rational chemical design, and thanks to the hybrid nature of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), it is possible to prepare molecule-based 2D magnetic materials stable at ambient conditions. Here, we illustrate the versatility of this approach by changing both the metallic nodes and the ligands in a family of layered MOFs that allows the...

journal article 2021

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Integrating superconducting van der Waals materials on paper substrates

Azpeitia, Jon (author), Frisenda, Riccardo (author), Lee, M. (author), Bouwmeester, D. (author), Zhang, Wenliang (author), Mompean, Federico (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Garcia-Hernandez, Mar (author), Castellanos-Gomez, Andres (author)

Paper has the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of electronic components. In fact, paper is 10 000 times cheaper than crystalline silicon, motivating the research to integrate electronic materials on paper substrates. Among the different electronic materials, van der Waals materials are attracting the interest of the scientific...

journal article 2021

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Self-Sealing Complex Oxide Resonators

Lee, M. (author), Robin, M.P. (author), Guis, R.H. (author), Filippozzi, U. (author), Shin, D. (author), van Thiel, T.C. (author), Paardekooper, Stijn P. (author), Renshof, Johannes R. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Caviglia, A. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Although 2D materials hold great potential for next-generation pressure sensors, recent studies revealed that gases permeate along the membrane-surface interface, necessitating additional sealing procedures. In this work, we demonstrate the use of free-standing complex oxides as self-sealing membranes that allow the reference cavity beneath...

journal article 2022

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Nanomechanical probing and strain tuning of the Curie temperature in suspended Cr₂Ge₂Te₆-based heterostructures

Siskins, M. (author), Kurdi, S. (author), Lee, M. (author), Slotboom, Benjamin J.M. (author), Xing, Wenyu (author), Mañas-Valero, Samuel (author), Coronado, Eugenio (author), Jia, Shuang (author), Han, Wei (author), van der Sar, T. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Two-dimensional magnetic materials with strong magnetostriction are attractive systems for realizing strain-tuning of the magnetization in spintronic and nanomagnetic devices. This requires an understanding of the magneto-mechanical coupling in these materials. In this work, we suspend thin Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ layers...

journal article 2022

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Ultrathin Piezoelectric Resonators Based on Graphene and Free-Standing Single-Crystal BaTiO₃

Lee, M. (author), Renshof, Johannes R. (author), van Zeggeren, K.J. (author), Houmes, M.J.A. (author), Lesne, E.L. (author), Siskins, M. (author), van Thiel, T.C. (author), Guis, R.H. (author), van Blankenstein, M.R. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Caviglia, A. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Suspended piezoelectric thin films are key elements enabling high-frequency filtering in telecommunication devices. To meet the requirements of next-generation electronics, it is essential to reduce device thickness for reaching higher resonance frequencies. Here, the high-quality mechanical and electrical properties of graphene electrodes...

journal article 2022