Phosphate Recovery from Sewage Sludge by Density Concentration

Phosphate is removed from wastewater to prevent eutrophication. Chemical phosphorus removal by iron dosing is commonly used for this purpose, where phosphorus is among others bound in the mineral vivianite (Fe(II)3[PO4]2 · 8 H2O). A molar Fe:P ratio of 2.5 in sludge will capture 70-90% of total phosphorus in vivianite after anaerobic digestion,...

Experimental analysis of passive acoustic emission, in particular the Kaiser Effect, under dynamic stress conditions: Exploring the implications for in-situ failure monitoring in underground mines

Irreversible damage induced by stress in brittle rock is accompanied by the formation of micro-cracks. The strain energy released during the fracturing process is released in the form of acoustic emission. This thesis applied the non-intrusive method of acoustic emission monitoring to assess the deformation process of brittle rock during...

The influence of mechanical contrast on industrial and natural hydraulic fracturing

The heterogeneity of layered systems leads to variation in rock or soil mechanical properties, influencing the resistance to failure. A formation breaks by fracture propagation when the effective stress surpasses the formation strength. The propagation of a fracture through a mechanical interface depends on whether the formation strength of the...

Sulfur stream identification and selective removal of heavy metals from ironmaking blast furnace dust: Improved leaching of metal sulfides using oxidants and microwave treatment

The main waste products of ironmaking at Tata Steel IJmuiden are CO2¬(g) and a solid waste stream consisting of mainly carbon and iron-bearing compounds. This solid waste is generally called Zn rich filter cake which contains too much Zn to be reintroduced into the iron making process. Besides Zn, Pb and Cd are also present. These filter cakes...

A viability study into shallow water offshore mining, with a focus on mineral processing techniques

Rationale - Increasing world population and consumption, and rising dependency on certain countries for the supply of raw materials lead to the demand for new raw material resources. This demand, combined with the increase in complexity of new land-based mining operations increases the chances for a viable offshore mining business case. Goal and...