Collaborative Port Call Optimization (PCO) is a key strategy to improve port efficiency. This study aims to bridge existing research gaps by providing a holistic understanding of collaborative PCO adoption, emphasizing the complexities of multi-organization collaboration and the influence of emerging technologies within the nautical chain and Port Governance structures. The TOEI framework, a novel conceptual model that extends the Technological Organizational-Environmental (TOE) framework, offers a valuable tool for port authorities and operators, providing specific insights and recommendations to enhance port call processes collaboratively. The study targets not only academics but also policymakers, port authorities, and nautical service providers. The findings discovered through the empirical analysis and the development of the TOE framework provide valuable insights for ports seeking to enhance their port calls collaboratively, laying the groundwork for future research, encouraging further exploration of specific contextual factors, in-depth case studies, and the development of tailored strategies for diverse ports globally.