This paper presents a sub-1V delta-sigma modulator (DSM) with power and bandwidth (BW) scalability for IoT applications. It is built around a fully dynamic and low-voltage floating inverter amplifier (LVFIA). To extend the power and BW scalability of the LVFIA, its relatively supply-independent bias current is auto-controlled by DSM's sampling frequency f_s. Dynamic techniques such as auto-zeroing and chopping are applied to achieve low noise. Fabricated in a 130nm CMOS, the proposed sub-1V DSM shows a near-consistent SNDR (90dB) and linearly scalable power and BW (2.5nW/Hz) over a ×30 scaling range of f_s. It achieves Walden FoM and Schreier FoM of 51.3fJ/conv-step and 175.7dB, respectively.

This article presents a compact sub-1-V bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based temperature sensor for thermal management applications. To operate from a sub-1-V supply, two capacitors are first pre-charged to a supply-independent initial voltage (> 1 V) by regulated charge pumps (RCPs) and then discharged through two diode-connected BJTs. By using different discharge times, proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) and complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) voltages can be generated. These are then read out by an area-and energy-efficient charge-balancing ΔΣ modulator to generate a digital representation of temperature. To reduce its noise, the modulator's first inverter-based integrator employs both chopping and auto-zeroing. Fabricated in a standard 22-nm bulk CMOS process, the sensor occupies 0.01 mm² and consumes 2.9 μW from a 0.8-V supply. It achieves a 1-point trimmed inaccuracy of ± 0.4 °C (3σ) from -40 °C to 125 °C, which is the best reported in sub-65-nm CMOS. It also achieves high energy efficiency, resulting in a resolution figure of merit (FoM) of 0.41