To address the safety management issues of oil depots in case of earthquakes, firstly, seismic resilience is defined as the ability of oil depots to maintain their storage functions in terms of resisting earthquake damage, mitigating secondary disasters, adapting to environments after earthquakes, and quickly recovering after earthquakes. Moreover, an assessment model for the seismic resilience of Oil depot is proposed by quantifying the four types of abilities. Secondly, a quantitative assessment of the seismic resilience of the oil depot is realized through a dynamic Monte Carlo method, considering the uncertainty of the resistance and mitigation stages, thereby obtaining the seismic resilience value. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is validated against the oil depot in an earthquake area. The results indicate that the uncertainty of the resilience ability of the oil depot results in a significant fluctuation in resilience values, and the domino effect has a significant influence on the oil depot's resilience and cannot be ignored. Moreover, the farther the earthquake source distance and the lower the fault slip rate lead to higher seismic resilience. The seismic resilience can be improved by staying away from active faults, predicting earthquake hazards, and reducing emergency response time.@en

Frequent unpredictable earthquake disasters such as the Turkey Earthquake in 2023 pose an increasing threat to oil tank farms since they may trigger major accidents and domino effects, resulting in casualties, economic losses, and environmental pollution. Unpredictable earthquakes are definitely difficult to prevent and thus resilience strategies such as emergency response should be applied to reduce losses. However, little attention has been paid to the quantitative resilience modeling of oil tank farms, resulting in difficulties in decision-making on resilience assessment and management. Therefore, this study proposes a quantitative seismic resilience model of oil storage tanks by using a dynamic agent-based modeling approach. This approach models the storage tank, active fault, and the environment as three independent agents with their attributes and behaviors. The interaction between agents can also be modeled through disaster evolution rules, and the consequences of interactions can be adjusted through adaptation and recovery strategies. The dynamic propagation of earthquake accidents and the evolution of potential domino effects can be quantified from a bottom-up perspective, thereby quantifying the seismic resilience of oil tank farms. A case study is carried out to illustrate the application of the developed model in oil tank farms and to analyze the sensitivity of different model parameters. The results show that the developed model can dynamically characterize the evolution of earthquake-induced domino effects as well as the emergency and restoration processes, supporting the decision-making on the allocation of resilience measures.@en