The graduation project, which is recorded in this report, was initiated to explore the possibilities for BeSafe, a long-time manufacturer of child safety seats for (automotive) transport, to become sustainable. As the knowledge regarding the subject within the company was of insufficient, Delft University of Technology was contacted to extend the knowledge, and lay the foundation of a future sustainability strategy for the company. The outcome of this project is a sustainability strategy (BeSafe & Sustainable) and a sample case demonstrating how this strategy could be implanted. The project has three main phases; During the analysis phase, insights are gathered to uncover possibilities to add value to the company through sustainability. The analysis covers the context of company, its products and their footprint, and the market the company is operating in. Different stakeholders that influence, are affected by, or are influenced by any way the company is operating are then investigated. Apart from the customer, which has a major influence on the demand and used of the product, the environment and society are two important stakeholders. To finalise this phase, the sustainability strategies of multiple companies were analysed to see how other they strategise their efforts to be sustainable. In the synthesis phase, the insights gathered during the analysis are combined, with input from the New Product Development of BeSafe, using the value mapping tool by Bocken et al. (2013). The value map helps to gives an overview of the values captured, and helps to generated value opportunities based on missed, destroyed and wasted values. Based on the analysis and the value map, a sustainability strategy for BeSafe is developed. ‘BeSafe & Sustainable’ covers; safety provided by products; the use of materials and energy; the ability of employees to deploy change within the company; how design could help to BeSafe become more sustainable; the involvement of partner; adaption of the business model; and transparency about sustainability efforts. In the sustainability roadmap, an overview is given of possible goals and actions that the company should pursue to follow the set strategy. To illustrate how the implementation of the sustainability strategy could be done, a sample case was performed. The case shows how an existing lease service could be adjusted to fit the new strategy. Analysis of the existing lease model uncovered that the logistics and refurbishment of seats could be optimised. Therefor recommendations are given to update the design of a baby seat to better fit the refurbishment process and allow for extended product lifetime and better recycling of materials. The sample case is closed off with a product packaging redesign. In the present system, products are retrieved using a plastic bag. Due to this form of packing, the products get damaged during transport, thereby reducing the ability to refurbish the product. To reduce the impact of transportation on the product, the packaging of the toddler seat, which is send to the customer to replace a used baby seat, is adjusted in such a way it can be used to retrieve the baby seat, increasing the possibility of the seat to be used again refurbishment.

This thesis explores how Internet of Things (IoT) can support Circular Economy in its goal of decoupling economic development from finite resources consumption. This is made specifically in the context of products as services, using as the case of study the Pay-per-Use washing-machine service by startup company HOMIE. The machine is connected to HOMIE’s database through a tracker that sends the data of users’ consumption so that they are charged accordingly. However, product-as-services rely on the service provider as the main actor for product circulation. The product use per use, as an intensive resource consumption part of the lifecycle, and its relationship with users’ decisions is not therein contemplated. So, for this project, design strategies for sustainable behavior are included in the development of this product service system (PSS) as a complementary concept to Circular Economy. This study found out that smart products have a special relation with sustainable behavior strategies, since connectivity enables in great extent the design of eco-interactions, which can be used to reduce the environmental impact during the use phase. Additionally, IoT is considered itself a source of value creation, which can be used in development of service features that, by means of connectivity, solve issues that were not tackled before. Thus, more attractive value propositions can be created. The findings mentioned above were translated in a design for the case of study. For it, a human-centered and iterative approach was central for the problem finding and concept development. The former included user research with both quantitative and qualitative data analysis while the latter was divided in two stages: Idea generation and concept selection, and concept development. Concerning the concept development , the selected direction was detailed, prototyped and tested with multiple users that matched the desired customer profile. The insights obtained from the user testing led to a final design iteration. The final improved design is a Smart PSSs eco-system integrated by 3 devices: the webpage, the washing machine interface and an app. All together aim to improve the experience of use of HOMIE’s Pay-per-Use service while fostering more sustainable practices and motivating adoption. Therefore, they are built with a strong sustainable behavior design rationale. The outcome of this thesis shows a clear example of how connectivity can be used to improve a circular business model, and therefore to reduce the environmental impact of products.

This thesis explores how Internet of Things (IoT) can support Circular Economy in its goal of decoupling economic development from finite resources consumption. This is made specifically in the context of products as services, using as the case of study the Pay-per-Use washing-machine service by startup company HOMIE. The machine is connected to HOMIE’s database through a tracker that sends the data of users’ consumption so that they are charged accordingly. However, product-as-services rely on the service provider as the main actor for product circulation. The product use per use, as an intensive resource consumption part of the lifecycle, and its relationship with users’ decisions is not therein contemplated. So, for this project, design strategies for sustainable behavior are included in the development of this product service system (PSS) as a complementary concept to Circular Economy. This study found out that smart products have a special relation with sustainable behavior strategies, since connectivity enables in great extent the design of eco-interactions, which can be used to reduce the environmental impact during the use phase. Additionally, IoT is considered itself a source of value creation, which can be used in development of service features that, by means of connectivity, solve issues that were not tackled before. Thus, more attractive value propositions can be created. The findings mentioned above were translated in a design for the case of study. For it, a human-centered and iterative approach was central for the problem finding and concept development. The former included user research with both quantitative and qualitative data analysis while the latter was divided in two stages: Idea generation and concept selection, and concept development. Concerning the concept development , the selected direction was detailed, prototyped and tested with multiple users that matched the desired customer profile. The insights obtained from the user testing led to a final design iteration. The final improved design is a Smart PSSs eco-system integrated by 3 devices: the webpage, the washing machine interface and an app. All together aim to improve the experience of use of HOMIE’s Pay-per-Use service while fostering more sustainable practices and motivating adoption. Therefore, they are built with a strong sustainable behavior design rationale. The outcome of this thesis shows a clear example of how connectivity can be used to improve a circular business model, and therefore to reduce the environmental impact of products.

This thesis explores how Internet of Things (IoT) can support Circular Economy in its goal of decoupling economic development from finite resources consumption. This is made specifically in the context of products as services, using as the case of study the Pay-per-Use washing-machine service by startup company HOMIE. The machine is connected to HOMIE’s database through a tracker that sends the data of users’ consumption so that they are charged accordingly. However, product-as-services rely on the service provider as the main actor for product circulation. The product use per use, as an intensive resource consumption part of the lifecycle, and its relationship with users’ decisions is not therein contemplated. So, for this project, design strategies for sustainable behavior are included in the development of this product service system (PSS) as a complementary concept to Circular Economy. This study found out that smart products have a special relation with sustainable behavior strategies, since connectivity enables in great extent the design of eco-interactions, which can be used to reduce the environmental impact during the use phase. Additionally, IoT is considered itself a source of value creation, which can be used in development of service features that, by means of connectivity, solve issues that were not tackled before. Thus, more attractive value propositions can be created. The findings mentioned above were translated in a design for the case of study. For it, a human-centered and iterative approach was central for the problem finding and concept development. The former included user research with both quantitative and qualitative data analysis while the latter was divided in two stages: Idea generation and concept selection, and concept development. Concerning the concept development , the selected direction was detailed, prototyped and tested with multiple users that matched the desired customer profile. The insights obtained from the user testing led to a final design iteration. The final improved design is a Smart PSSs eco-system integrated by 3 devices: the webpage, the washing machine interface and an app. All together aim to improve the experience of use of HOMIE’s Pay-per-Use service while fostering more sustainable practices and motivating adoption. Therefore, they are built with a strong sustainable behavior design rationale. The outcome of this thesis shows a clear example of how connectivity can be used to improve a circular business model, and therefore to reduce the environmental impact of products.

This thesis explores how Internet of Things (IoT) can support Circular Economy in its goal of decoupling economic development from finite resources consumption. This is made specifically in the context of products as services, using as the case of study the Pay-per-Use washing-machine service by startup company HOMIE. The machine is connected to HOMIE’s database through a tracker that sends the data of users’ consumption so that they are charged accordingly. However, product-as-services rely on the service provider as the main actor for product circulation. The product use per use, as an intensive resource consumption part of the lifecycle, and its relationship with users’ decisions is not therein contemplated. So, for this project, design strategies for sustainable behavior are included in the development of this product service system (PSS) as a complementary concept to Circular Economy. This study found out that smart products have a special relation with sustainable behavior strategies, since connectivity enables in great extent the design of eco-interactions, which can be used to reduce the environmental impact during the use phase. Additionally, IoT is considered itself a source of value creation, which can be used in development of service features that, by means of connectivity, solve issues that were not tackled before. Thus, more attractive value propositions can be created. The findings mentioned above were translated in a design for the case of study. For it, a human-centered and iterative approach was central for the problem finding and concept development. The former included user research with both quantitative and qualitative data analysis while the latter was divided in two stages: Idea generation and concept selection, and concept development. Concerning the concept development , the selected direction was detailed, prototyped and tested with multiple users that matched the desired customer profile. The insights obtained from the user testing led to a final design iteration. The final improved design is a Smart PSSs eco-system integrated by 3 devices: the webpage, the washing machine interface and an app. All together aim to improve the experience of use of HOMIE’s Pay-per-Use service while fostering more sustainable practices and motivating adoption. Therefore, they are built with a strong sustainable behavior design rationale. The outcome of this thesis shows a clear example of how connectivity can be used to improve a circular business model, and therefore to reduce the environmental impact of products.

This thesis explores how Internet of Things (IoT) can support Circular Economy in its goal of decoupling economic development from finite resources consumption. This is made specifically in the context of products as services, using as the case of study the Pay-per-Use washing-machine service by startup company HOMIE. The machine is connected to HOMIE’s database through a tracker that sends the data of users’ consumption so that they are charged accordingly. However, product-as-services rely on the service provider as the main actor for product circulation. The product use per use, as an intensive resource consumption part of the lifecycle, and its relationship with users’ decisions is not therein contemplated. So, for this project, design strategies for sustainable behavior are included in the development of this product service system (PSS) as a complementary concept to Circular Economy. This study found out that smart products have a special relation with sustainable behavior strategies, since connectivity enables in great extent the design of eco-interactions, which can be used to reduce the environmental impact during the use phase. Additionally, IoT is considered itself a source of value creation, which can be used in development of service features that, by means of connectivity, solve issues that were not tackled before. Thus, more attractive value propositions can be created. The findings mentioned above were translated in a design for the case of study. For it, a human-centered and iterative approach was central for the problem finding and concept development. The former included user research with both quantitative and qualitative data analysis while the latter was divided in two stages: Idea generation and concept selection, and concept development. Concerning the concept development , the selected direction was detailed, prototyped and tested with multiple users that matched the desired customer profile. The insights obtained from the user testing led to a final design iteration. The final improved design is a Smart PSSs eco-system integrated by 3 devices: the webpage, the washing machine interface and an app. All together aim to improve the experience of use of HOMIE’s Pay-per-Use service while fostering more sustainable practices and motivating adoption. Therefore, they are built with a strong sustainable behavior design rationale. The outcome of this thesis shows a clear example of how connectivity can be used to improve a circular business model, and therefore to reduce the environmental impact of products.

Our contemporary society faces serious social and environmental challenges due to the increasing usage of automobiles. However, researchers have suggested that stimulating the acceptance of car sharing is a promising solution for dealing with these issues. Therefore, the goal of this graduation project was to support the car sharing company Greenwheels in growing its corporate car sharing business. In order to accomplish this goal, an innovation strategy for Greenwheels was created.  The innovation strategy was constructed by executing a considerable amount of internal and external analyses. The resulting insights established the foundation of a future vision for corporate car sharing in 2025. This future vision describes what needs to be achieved by the innovation strategy, in order for Greenwheels to develop a future proof corporate car sharing service. The future vision is defined as: "Realising a personalised, zero emission, corporate car sharing service, with a motivated and knowledgeable community of users."  In order for Greenwheels to achieve this future vision, three design solutions were developed. These design solutions will be implemented at different points in time, building onto each other and thereby creating valuable synergies. The proposed solutions are: Experience Workshop: An interactive workshop day for new users, offered as an additional service to corporate clients. Unity platform: An online car sharing platform based on gamification and online learning in order to train and motivate the end-users over a longer period of time. Smart Shared Fleet: Optimising the shared car fleet by utilising bi-directional charging technology, connected car technology and personalisation of the car sharing service. The implementation of these solutions is presented in the form of a tactical roadmap. This roadmap provides an actionable step-by-step approach for moving towards the desired future vision of 2025. It does so by presenting a comprehensive overview of the main value propositions, the value created for different stakeholders, the features of the design solutions, the required technology and data streams, the corresponding revenue streams and the internal and external resources that are needed. Additionally, one of the design solutions was further conceptualised in order to showcase a tangible example. The next steps for Greenwheels include: estimating the total market demand more accurately, creating validated revenue models, establishing new partnerships and further refining the design solutions through extensive user-testing.