The use of renewable energies has been growing in a considerable way in the world. Until 2017, 18% of European Union’s total installed power generation capacity was wind power capacity. The level of grid penetration of wind turbines has also increased significantly in the Netherlands. This high level of penetration of wind energy affects the behavior of the system during an event (such as a short circuit), which is not the same that with only conventional generation in the system. The level of detail in the dynamic network model of a transmission system becomes of great importance when a big amount of wind energy is connected to the electrical system. In the current dynamic model of the Netherlands transmission system, negative load is used to represent wind turbines, however, this could be no longer sufficient if more wind turbines are connected to the grid.
The purpose of this Master Thesis Project is the study and analysis of voltage response of wind turbines models based on the IEC 61400-27-1 standard and the WECCWind Plant DynamicModeling Guidelines, both of them currently implemented in several softwares.
This project proposes a modelling methodology for distributed wind turbines, using a single turbine representation and a combined model instead of a negative load directly connected to the grid.
PowerFactory and PSSE softwares are used for the modelling of wind turbines, allowing to compare the models based on the IEC standard and the models based on the WECC guidelines respectively.
For the simulations performed in these two softwares, parameters suitable for comparing both of them are proposed. Besides, an analysis on the differences between both models is provided.
The parameters proposed are used later on for the modelling of distributed wind turbines in the grid.
The methodology for the modelling of distributed wind turbines was proposed and analysed using a region in the Netherlands as case of study and the PSSE software (widely used by transmission system operators) with the generic parameters proposed in the previous analysis.
The proposed methodology and parameters show a more realistic behavior of the wind turbines compared to the use of a negative load. It also provides a grouping proposal depending on the types of distributed wind turbines connected to the grid. In some cases, when the wind energy connected to the system has low impact, the use of a detailed model instead of a negative load is not very representative. Therefore, this project proposes a calculation for the impact that wind energy has in each substation, making easier to decide what is the most suitable level of modelling detail.