Designers rely on many methods and strategies to create innovative designs. However, design research often overlooks the personality and attitudinal factors influencing method utility and effectiveness. This article defines and operationalizes the construct design mindset and introduces the Design Mindset Inventory (D-Mindset0.1), allowing us to measure and leverage statistical analyses to advance our understanding of its role in design. The inventory’s validity and reliability are evaluated by analyzing a large sample of engineering students (N = 473). Using factor analysis, we identified four underlying factors of D-Mindset0.1 related to the theoretical concepts: Conversation with the Situation, Iteration, Co-Evolution of Problem–Solution and Imagination. The latter part of the article finds statistical and theoretically meaningful relationships between design mindset and the three design-related constructs of sensation-seeking, self-efficacy and ambiguity tolerance. Ambiguity tolerance and self-efficacy emerge as positively correlated with design mindset. Sensation-seeking, which is only significantly correlated with subconstructs of D-Mindset0.1, is both negatively and positively correlated. These relationships lend validity D-Mindset0.1 and, by drawing on previously established relationships between the three personality traits and specific behaviors, facilitate further investigations of what its subconstructs capture.

Method Teaching is an essential approach for training novice designers to think and act like designers. Methods are commonly used in design education, yet with varying outcomes and experiences for students. There is a need to better understand how individual and contextual factors influence the effectiveness of Method Teaching. In this quasi-experimental pre-post-intervention study, we investigate how group composition, motivation, Design Mindset (D-Mindset0.1), Self-efficacy (GSES), Ambiguity tolerance (TAS), and Sensation-seeking (BSSS) influence students’ learning through Method Teaching. Our results show that Method Teaching increases Design Mindset scores and that the effectiveness of Method Teaching is influenced significantly by the three personality traits and the level of prior Design Mindset.

Mindset has been identified as an essential aspect of design and innovation, impacting both behaviours and performance. However, the concept of design mindset is elusive. Often design mindset is used indistinguishably from design behaviour, diminishing the complexity of the mechanisms and cognitive processes underlying design behaviour. As the initial step in researching these mechanisms, we operationalise the concept of design mindset and present the design mindset inventory (D-Mindset0) to measure it. The initial inventory centered around 16 agreement-to-value statements related to design practice. To analyse the inventory, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis based on 473 master students from different engineering disciplines participating in a course on innovation in engineering. The analysis revealed a four-factor structure with 11 final items. The four factors align with the concepts of ‘conversation with the situation,’ ‘iteration,’ ‘co-evolution of problem-solution,’ and ‘imagination.’

The enhancement of social inclusion is a key to maintaining cohesion in society and to foster the benefits of cultural diversity. Using insights from the Dual Identity Model (DIM) with a special focus on active categorization, we develop an intervention to increase social inclusion. Our intervention encourages the participants to (re-)categorize on a superordinate level (i.e., a human identity) while being exposed to their own culture. Across a set of experiments, we test the efficacy of our intervention against control conditions on the effect of social inclusion, measured by perceived social distance. Results show an increase in cultural closeness and provide preliminary support for the use of a DIM-based intervention to increase intercultural inclusion

After decades of research and development, haptic feedback is increasingly appearing in consumer products. While the prevalence of haptic feedback is increasing, the integration rarely offers increased fidelity to previous generations. We argue this is because of the tremendous complexity of successful haptic design engineering, but critically, also because of information saturation. With novel cutaneous feedback technologies and companies emerging almost daily, the multi-disciplinary nature of haptics and the marketing-driven terminology used to stand out in a crowded market makes it challenging to select and integrate actuators correctly. To manage this complexity and facilitate the interdisciplinary exchange of user requirements and material affordances, we introduce a novel classification criterion for haptic actuators focused on the bandwidth and fidelity of potential effects. We introduce vocabulary for describing the precise experience the actuators and corresponding systems should deliver. Lastly, we summarize currently commercially available cutaneous-based haptic technology. In the nearby future, the same criterion and language can also prove valuable for steering technology development of new and improved actuators and enabling novice and experienced practitioners to understand and integrate cutaneous feedback in their products.

The variety of fruits and vegetables in today’s supermarkets is enormous. We investigated how color may lead consumers to anticipate differences in product properties. Forty volunteers rated the expected properties for carrots with different colors presented in pictures, together with their familiarity, purchase intention, and intended preparation method on 7-point scales. We found most positive expectations for the typical and most familiar kinds of orange carrots. Lower saturation of orange was associated with lower attractiveness and freshness, whereas higher orange saturation was evaluated as more artificial. Brown spots on carrots were associated with disease and such carrots were regarded less healthy. Carrots in atypical colors were rated as less familiar, attractive and healthy than orange ones. In comparison with the orange carrots, red carrots were expected to taste sourer and spicier, purple and yellow carrots were rated less nutritious and more artificial, with purple carrots expected to taste more bitter and yellow ones more sour. White and white-green carrots rated
lower on sweet, and higher on sour, bitter, and spicy. These carrots were considered less ripe and less nutritious than orange ones. These results indicate that color hue and saturation have substantial impact on consumers’
expectations about sensory and functional properties, including freshness and nutritional value. Some of these expectations may be derived from associations to other vegetables, as reflected by high ratings for spiciness (red pepper) and taste intensity (turnip, radish). However, low attractiveness ratings also suggest that consumers may be reluctant to try unfamiliar variants, at least at first glance. Although atypical colors produce culinary opportunities, commercial success may be limited until consumers integrate them in their everyday habits.

Ethiopia has a high road crash rate in the world. Among the crashes, more than 60% occur in the capital city, Addis Ababa. The main aim of this research was to inform policymakers and researchers about the current situations of road crashes in the city to tackle the current unacceptable costs of the road crashes. We analyzed road crash data between the years 2010 and 2014. The results showed 14,263 persons sustained different levels of injuries in which 1,911 were fatal whereas the rest were serious and minor injuries. Majority of the fatal (79%) and serious (76%) injuries were males, and pedestrians (87%). Most of these crashes were due to the drivers’ not yielding right of way to pedestrians. On the other hand, an estimated 19 million US dollars cost of property damage was due to the drivers not yielding right of way to other vehicles. Generally, among other risk factors we assessed including road conditions and asphalt pavement, drivers’ not yielding right of way to pedestrians and not yielding right of way to other vehicles were the leading risk factors for road crashes in the city.