Chessboard Focal Plane Array for a CMOS-Integrated Terahertz Camera

Journal Article (2023)
Author(s)

Martijn Hoogelander (TU Delft - Tera-Hertz Sensing)

Sven Van Berkel (California Institute of Technology, TU Delft - Tera-Hertz Sensing)

Eduard Satoshi Malotaux (Tusk IC, TU Delft - Electronics)

Maria Alonso Del Pino (TU Delft - Tera-Hertz Sensing)

Daniele Cavallo (TU Delft - Tera-Hertz Sensing)

Marco Spirito (TU Delft - Electronics)

N Llombart (TU Delft - Tera-Hertz Sensing)

Research Group
Tera-Hertz Sensing
Copyright
© 2023 M. Hoogelander, S.L. van Berkel, E.S. Malotaux, M. Alonso Del Pino, D. Cavallo, M. Spirito, Nuria Llombart
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2023.3297072
More Info
expand_more
Publication Year
2023
Language
English
Copyright
© 2023 M. Hoogelander, S.L. van Berkel, E.S. Malotaux, M. Alonso Del Pino, D. Cavallo, M. Spirito, Nuria Llombart
Research Group
Tera-Hertz Sensing
Issue number
6
Volume number
13
Pages (from-to)
704-717
Reuse Rights

Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons.

Abstract

This article presents the development of a focal plane array (FPA) for terahertz imaging applications with a near diffraction-limited resolution achieved through a very tight sampling of the focal plane. The antenna array is integrated with direct detectors in a 22-nm CMOS technology and operates from 200 to 600 GHz. The tight sampling of the focal plane is realized by using a combination of leaky-wave radiation and a dual-polarized connected array configuration that closely resembles a chessboard. By utilizing both the polarizations in the chessboard design, the number of array elements per unit area is effectively doubled. The geometry of the chessboard array was co-optimized together with that of a silicon elliptical lens to achieve both high aperture efficiency and beam overlap. Measurements in the WR2.2 band of a fabricated demonstrator showed that an aperture efficiency of −4.1 dB was realized at 400 GHz. The average gain roll-off between two diagonally adjacent array elements was measured to be −1.5 dB at 400 GHz. Compared to the reference configuration of an idealized, equivalently sampled hexagonal FPA, the improvement in gain at the edge of coverage yields 1.2 dB, which includes 1.9 dB of ohmic losses in the chessboard array. The agreement between measurements and simulations proved to be within 1 dB from 325 to 475 GHz.

Files

Chessboard_Focal_Plane_Array_f... (pdf)
(pdf | 4.5 Mb)
- Embargo expired in 03-05-2024
License info not available