A Cryo-CMOS Oscillator With an Automatic Common-Mode Resonance Calibration for Quantum Computing Applications
Jiang Gong (QCD/Sebastiano Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Yue Chen (TU Delft - Electronics)
Edoardo Charbon (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, QCD/Sebastiano Lab, TU Delft - Quantum Circuit Architectures and Technology)
Fabio Sebastiano (TU Delft - Quantum Circuit Architectures and Technology, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Masoud Babaie (TU Delft - Electronics, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
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Abstract
This article presents a 4-to-5GHz LC oscillator operating at 4.2K for quantum computing applications. The phase noise (PN) specification of the oscillator is derived based on the control fidelity for a single-qubit operation. To reveal the substantial gap between the theoretical predictions and measurement results at cryogenic temperatures, a new PN expression for an oscillator is derived by considering the shot-noise effect. To reach the optimum performance of an LC oscillator, a common-mode (CM) resonance technique is implemented. Additionally, this work presents a digital calibration loop to adjust the CM frequency automatically at 4.2K, reducing the oscillator's PN and thus improving the control fidelity. The calibration technique reduces the flicker corner of the oscillator over a wide temperature range (10 $\times $ and 8 $\times $ reduction at 300K and 4.2K, respectively). At 4.2K, our 0.15-mm2 oscillator consumes a 5-mW power and achieves a PN of -153.8dBc/Hz at a 10MHz offset, corresponding to a 200-dB FOM. The calibration circuits consume only a 0.4-mW power and 0.01-mm2 area.