Operating semiconductor quantum processors with hopping spins
Chien An Wang (TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Valentin John (TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Hanifa Tidjani (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab)
Cécile X. Yu (TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Alexander S. Ivlev (TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Corentin Déprez (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Floor van Riggelen-Doelman (TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab)
Benjamin D. Woods (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Nico W. Hendrickx (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab)
William I.L. Lawrie (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab)
Lucas E.A. Stehouwer (TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QCD/Scappucci Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Stefan D. Oosterhout (TU Delft - BUS/TNO STAFF, TNO)
Amir Sammak (TNO, TU Delft - BUS/TNO STAFF)
Mark Friesen (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Giordano Scappucci (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QCD/Scappucci Lab)
Sander L. de Snoo (TU Delft - QCD/Vandersypen Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Maximilian Rimbach-Russ (TU Delft - QCD/Rimbach-Russ, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Francesco Borsoi (TU Delft - QCD/Veldhorst Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Menno Veldhorst (TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QN/Veldhorst Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
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Abstract
Qubits that can be efficiently controlled are essential for the development of scalable quantum hardware. Although resonant control is used to execute high-fidelity quantum gates, the scalability is challenged by the integration of high-frequency oscillating signals, qubit cross-talk, and heating. Here, we show that by engineering the hopping of spins between quantum dots with a site-dependent spin quantization axis, quantum control can be established with discrete signals. We demonstrate hopping-based quantum logic and obtain single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.97%, coherent shuttling fidelities of 99.992% per hop, and a two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.3%, corresponding to error rates that have been predicted to allow for quantum error correction. We also show that hopping spins constitute a tuning method by statistically mapping the coherence of a 10-quantum dot system. Our results show that dense quantum dot arrays with sparse occupation could be developed for efficient and high-connectivity qubit registers.