A Cryo-CMOS DAC-based 40 Gb/s PAM4 Wireline Transmitter for Quantum Computing Applications

Conference Paper (2023)
Author(s)

Niels Fakkel (TU Delft - QCD/Babaie Lab)

Mohsen Mortazavi (TU Delft - Electronics)

Ramon Overwater (QCD/Sebastiano Lab)

F. Sebasatiano (TU Delft - Quantum Circuit Architectures and Technology)

M. Babaie (TU Delft - Electronics)

Research Group
Electronics
Copyright
© 2023 N.E. Fakkel, S.M. Mortazavi, R.W.J. Overwater, F. Sebastiano, M. Babaie
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1109/RFIC54547.2023.10186114
More Info
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Publication Year
2023
Language
English
Copyright
© 2023 N.E. Fakkel, S.M. Mortazavi, R.W.J. Overwater, F. Sebastiano, M. Babaie
Research Group
Electronics
Bibliographical Note
Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public. @en
Pages (from-to)
257-260
ISBN (electronic)
9798350321227
Reuse Rights

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Abstract

State-of-the-art quantum computers already comprise hundreds of cryogenic quantum bits (qubits), and prototypes with over 10k qubits are currently being developed. Such large-scale systems require local cryogenic electronics for qubit control and readout, leaving the digital controllers for algorithm execution and quantum error correction (QEC) at room temperature due to the limited cryogenic cooling budget. The entire process, including qubit readout, data transmission, QEC, and algorithm execution, should be completed well within the qubit decoherence time, thus requiring a low-power high-speed communication link between the cryogenic quantum processor and classical processor located at room temperature. To this end, this paper presents the first cryo-CMOS high-speed 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) wireline transmitter. Thanks to a power-efficient serializing architecture driving a 6-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC), the 40-nm CMOS chip achieves a data rate of 40 Gb/s PAM4 with an efficiency of 2.46pJ/b and a ratio of level mismatch (RLM) of 97.8% at 4.2 K. While demonstrating an energy efficiency comparable to state-of-the-art transmitters in more advanced CMOS nodes, the extremely wide temperature operating range (4.2 K - 300 K) will enable future large-scale quantum computers.

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