We report on coding methods for efficiently synthesizing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for massive data storage, where a plurality of DNA strands are synthesized in parallel. We examine the trade-offs between the information contents, redundancy, and the average or maximum number of cycles required for synthesizing a plurality of parallel DNA strands. We analyze coding methods such as guided scrambling and constrained codes for minimizing the cycle count.@en

High temperatures in electronic devices have a negative effect on their performance. Various techniques have been proposed and studied to address and combat this thermal challenge. To guarantee that the peak temperature of the devices will be bounded by some maximum temperature, the transmitted signal has to satisfy some constraints.With this motivation, we study the constrained channel that only accepts sequences that satisfy prescribed thermal constraints. The main goal in this paper is to compute the capacity of this channel. We provide the exact capacity of the channel with some certain parameters and we also present some bounds on the capacity in various cases.Finally, we consider the model that multiple wires are available to use and find out the smallest number of wires required to satisfy the thermal constraints.@en