The greenhouse effect is involving global heating and climate change within the world. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is one of the major gas at the origin of this effect, but also the byproduct of human activity. Therefore, monitoring the indoor/outdoor CO₂ emission by gas sensors is one of the priorities for environmental preservation. In this paper, the sensing performance of CO₂ towards two different O-rich films have been studied; graphene oxide (GO)and vanadium dioxide (VO₂). The preparation of GO film has been carried out by spray pyrolysis on fluorine tin oxide (FTO)prepared by the modified Hummers method. While the VO2 film has been sol-gel spin-coated on a glass substrate. Both films have been characterized using XRD, SEM and electrical properties. The CO₂ gas sensing mechanism and the role of oxygen vacancies in VO₂ are addressing. The oxygen functional groups in GO play a main role in the CO₂ gas the sensitivity level and response time. Their gas sensing performances have been investigated based on measuring the response vs recovery time, dynamic response curve analysis and sensitivity. In order to better understand the sensing mechanism, characterization has been done with different gas concentrations. Both GO and VO₂ based CO₂-sensors are acted as an n-type sensor. Sensing behavior of GO at RT has explained to be mainly mediated by the oxygen functional groups and a wide range of active sites. In the other hand, VO₂ contains oxygen vacancies and more defect sites which play a main role in the RT sensing activity and low recovery time.

The study of the plasmonic coupling between metallic nanorods (NRs) is essential for many modern applications. In this paper, we present theoretical studies of scattering cross sections for Au-Au, Au-Ag, and Ag-Ag dimers based on the finite element method (FEM) through COMSOL Multiphysics software. Hybridization model has proposed to explain the plasmon coupling in the different dimers configurations. The single Au nanorod (Au NR) exhibits only a single plasmon resonance, which is red-shifted with increasing the NR length because intra-rod restoring forces are reduced. For asymmetric Au-Au and Au-Ag with end-to-end configuration, two peaks are appearing in the spectrum corresponding to bright (low energy) and dark (high energy) modes. The bright mode interacts strongly with the incident field compared to weak interaction of the dark mode. The bright mode is progressively blue shifted while the dark mode is slightly red-shifted as the gap between NRs increases. In the case of Ag-Ag asymmetric configuration, the two NRs are placed perpendicular to each other; the transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon modes are observed. Also, many dark plasmon hybridization coupling modes are illustrated in the range from 100 to 400 nm and ascribed to higher order plasmonic modes due to the dipole-dipole interaction. The coupling interactions between two metallic NRs can lead to significant plasmon shifts and enormous electric field enhancements. These are very useful for environmental detections, nanoantenna, Raman spectroscopy and solar cell. Also, the results of asymmetric Ag-Ag plasmonic produce new plasmon modes in the UV region that open up new opportunities for designing plasmonic devices.