C. Cottineau
info
Please Note
<p>This page displays the records of the person named above and is not linked to a unique person identifier. This record may need to be merged to a profile.</p>
37 records found
1
Journal article
(2026)
-
Clémentine Cottineau-Mugadza, Julien Perret, Romain Reuillon, Sébastien Rey-Coyrehourcq, Julie Vallée
Social segregation in cities refers to the uneven spatial distribution of individuals from unequal social groups, such as affluent and economically vulnerable people. Social segregation may, in turn, produce social inequalities through contextual effects, since neighbourhood mixing or concentration plays a role in shaping individuals’ opinions and behaviours in multiple life domains, including health. Because segregation and contextual effects occur at the places of residence as well as throughout the day, as people move between locations in a city, we aim to understand the social effect of urban segregation ‘around the clock’ on health behaviours (such as the choice of a healthy diet), using an empirical agent-based model initialised on the Paris region with a synthetic population. We built this synthetic population by pulling together data from two health & nutrition surveys conducted 6 years apart, data from the French census and data from an origin-destination survey. We then combined scenarios of residential patterns (random allocation vs. census-based allocation reflecting the empirical level of residential segregation) with scenarios of daily mobility (no daily moves, random moves or survey-based daily moves reflecting the empirical level of daytime segregation in Paris) to assess the effect of spatio-temporal segregation on the diffusion of health behaviours. While the same upward trend of healthy behaviours is obtained in all scenarios simulated, we find contrasted results with respect to social inequalities: 1/ when the agents’ residence is allocated at random, social inequalities of health decrease in the long run; 2/ randomizing daily mobility can mitigate the increase in social inequalities in dietary behaviours induced by effective residential segregation, with this mitigation effect appearing as soon as a small proportion of daily moves are random; 3/ daytime segregation as it exists in Paris slightly reinforces the unequal distribution of health behaviours between the most and least educated groups compared with the sole effect of residential segregation.
...
Social segregation in cities refers to the uneven spatial distribution of individuals from unequal social groups, such as affluent and economically vulnerable people. Social segregation may, in turn, produce social inequalities through contextual effects, since neighbourhood mixing or concentration plays a role in shaping individuals’ opinions and behaviours in multiple life domains, including health. Because segregation and contextual effects occur at the places of residence as well as throughout the day, as people move between locations in a city, we aim to understand the social effect of urban segregation ‘around the clock’ on health behaviours (such as the choice of a healthy diet), using an empirical agent-based model initialised on the Paris region with a synthetic population. We built this synthetic population by pulling together data from two health & nutrition surveys conducted 6 years apart, data from the French census and data from an origin-destination survey. We then combined scenarios of residential patterns (random allocation vs. census-based allocation reflecting the empirical level of residential segregation) with scenarios of daily mobility (no daily moves, random moves or survey-based daily moves reflecting the empirical level of daytime segregation in Paris) to assess the effect of spatio-temporal segregation on the diffusion of health behaviours. While the same upward trend of healthy behaviours is obtained in all scenarios simulated, we find contrasted results with respect to social inequalities: 1/ when the agents’ residence is allocated at random, social inequalities of health decrease in the long run; 2/ randomizing daily mobility can mitigate the increase in social inequalities in dietary behaviours induced by effective residential segregation, with this mitigation effect appearing as soon as a small proportion of daily moves are random; 3/ daytime segregation as it exists in Paris slightly reinforces the unequal distribution of health behaviours between the most and least educated groups compared with the sole effect of residential segregation.
Journal article
(2025)
-
Nick Roxburgh, Rocco Paolillo, T. Filatova, C. Cottineau, Mario Paolucci, J. Gareth Polhill
We propose a wish list of features that would greatly enhance population synthesis methods from the perspective of agent-based modelling. The challenge of synthesising appropriate populations is heightened in agent-based modelling by the emphasis on complexity, which requires accounting for a wide array of features. These often include, but are not limited to: attributes of agents, their location in space, the ways they make decisions and their behavioural dynamics. In the real-world, these aspects of everyday human life can be deeply interconnected, with these associations being highly consequential in shaping outcomes. Initialising synthetic populations in ways that fail to respect these covariances can therefore compromise model efficacy, potentially leading to biased and inaccurate simulation outcomes.
...
We propose a wish list of features that would greatly enhance population synthesis methods from the perspective of agent-based modelling. The challenge of synthesising appropriate populations is heightened in agent-based modelling by the emphasis on complexity, which requires accounting for a wide array of features. These often include, but are not limited to: attributes of agents, their location in space, the ways they make decisions and their behavioural dynamics. In the real-world, these aspects of everyday human life can be deeply interconnected, with these associations being highly consequential in shaping outcomes. Initialising synthetic populations in ways that fail to respect these covariances can therefore compromise model efficacy, potentially leading to biased and inaccurate simulation outcomes.
The Economic Urban Divide
A Detailed Study of Income Inequality and Segregation in Dutch Urban Areas (2011–2022)
Research on segregation and economic inequality is often limited to major capitals and conurbations, neglecting smaller cities. This oversight can lead to public policies based on insights that may not be universally applicable. Leveraging geo-coded register data, this study addresses this problem in the case of the Netherlands by computing income inequality and residential segregation annually in all urban areas from 2011 to 2022. Contrary to most literature, this paper shows that inequality and segregation have remained stable or decreased in most cases. In addition, when looking at how income is distributed among social segments, how segregated they are, and at which geographical scale segregation occurs, we find significant variation between urban areas. More unequal urban areas also tend to be more segregated, but patterns vary, and the same segregation levels can coexist with diverse inequality metrics. Four groups of urban areas are identified through a cluster analysis.
...
Research on segregation and economic inequality is often limited to major capitals and conurbations, neglecting smaller cities. This oversight can lead to public policies based on insights that may not be universally applicable. Leveraging geo-coded register data, this study addresses this problem in the case of the Netherlands by computing income inequality and residential segregation annually in all urban areas from 2011 to 2022. Contrary to most literature, this paper shows that inequality and segregation have remained stable or decreased in most cases. In addition, when looking at how income is distributed among social segments, how segregated they are, and at which geographical scale segregation occurs, we find significant variation between urban areas. More unequal urban areas also tend to be more segregated, but patterns vary, and the same segregation levels can coexist with diverse inequality metrics. Four groups of urban areas are identified through a cluster analysis.
Despite high levels of diversity and contingency in the creation and historical development of cities, the distribution of their sizes in a given area presents a surprisingly robust and simple pattern, known as Zipf’s law or the rank-size curve. This chapter offers an overview of this regularity in city size distribution. Starting from a short history of early findings, it goes on to present Zipf’s contribution, the plethora of empirical material which can be interpreted as a confirmation of the law and some models generating such a regular distribution. The deviations from the law highlighted in the literature are presented along with the theories to explain them. The last section of the chapter reviews recent propositions to advance the study of urbanisation “beyond Zipf’s law”, namely by using more sophisticated statistical tools or by reintegrating space in the analysis of urban population.
...
Despite high levels of diversity and contingency in the creation and historical development of cities, the distribution of their sizes in a given area presents a surprisingly robust and simple pattern, known as Zipf’s law or the rank-size curve. This chapter offers an overview of this regularity in city size distribution. Starting from a short history of early findings, it goes on to present Zipf’s contribution, the plethora of empirical material which can be interpreted as a confirmation of the law and some models generating such a regular distribution. The deviations from the law highlighted in the literature are presented along with the theories to explain them. The last section of the chapter reviews recent propositions to advance the study of urbanisation “beyond Zipf’s law”, namely by using more sophisticated statistical tools or by reintegrating space in the analysis of urban population.
Despite growing interest in the firm bargaining process, little research focuses on the structure of bargaining within multi-establishment firms. We question whether running negotiations at the workplace level and/or firm level is a strategic choice for employers. We hypothesize that the level chosen depends on the geography of the firm. Employers face a trade-off: workplace bargaining is more efficient because it meets local conditions; yet higher level negotiations increase coordination costs for workers and weakens their bargaining power, which can benefit the employer. Using a French representative survey, we find a significant relation between the level of bargaining within a firm and the number, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of its establishments, suggesting that the structure of multi-establishment firms can inform the level at which collective bargaining takes place.
...
Despite growing interest in the firm bargaining process, little research focuses on the structure of bargaining within multi-establishment firms. We question whether running negotiations at the workplace level and/or firm level is a strategic choice for employers. We hypothesize that the level chosen depends on the geography of the firm. Employers face a trade-off: workplace bargaining is more efficient because it meets local conditions; yet higher level negotiations increase coordination costs for workers and weakens their bargaining power, which can benefit the employer. Using a French representative survey, we find a significant relation between the level of bargaining within a firm and the number, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of its establishments, suggesting that the structure of multi-establishment firms can inform the level at which collective bargaining takes place.
Although economic inequality and economic segregation represent fundamental challenges of contemporary societies, their causal and empirical connections remain unclear. In particular, the direction of causality, causal pathways, and temporalities are not evident in the literature. This gap has two probable origins: (1) the discussion is dominated by a handful of studies from the United Stated published in the 2000s. This comes at the expense of a more plural and complex understanding of the phenomena in the rest of the world. (2) The literature on inequality and that of segregation are segmented by disciplines operating at different scales with corresponding theories, actors and mechanisms. To address these issues, I conduct an extensive systematic literature review of articles linking economic inequality to economic segregation across multiple languages and disciplines. Starting from 20,000+ references, I identify 80 relevant research articles to review. Most conclude that variations in economic segregation follow differences in economic inequality in the short term and that reverse causality is more probable in the longer term. The housing market is the most cited mediator between economic inequality and economic segregation, and a diversity of theories are mobilized to explain their empirical connections. Many articles are not presently comparable, but compatible definitions and measurements of inequality and segregation are rising.
...
Although economic inequality and economic segregation represent fundamental challenges of contemporary societies, their causal and empirical connections remain unclear. In particular, the direction of causality, causal pathways, and temporalities are not evident in the literature. This gap has two probable origins: (1) the discussion is dominated by a handful of studies from the United Stated published in the 2000s. This comes at the expense of a more plural and complex understanding of the phenomena in the rest of the world. (2) The literature on inequality and that of segregation are segmented by disciplines operating at different scales with corresponding theories, actors and mechanisms. To address these issues, I conduct an extensive systematic literature review of articles linking economic inequality to economic segregation across multiple languages and disciplines. Starting from 20,000+ references, I identify 80 relevant research articles to review. Most conclude that variations in economic segregation follow differences in economic inequality in the short term and that reverse causality is more probable in the longer term. The housing market is the most cited mediator between economic inequality and economic segregation, and a diversity of theories are mobilized to explain their empirical connections. Many articles are not presently comparable, but compatible definitions and measurements of inequality and segregation are rising.
¿Segregados quiénes, cuándo y dónde?
La heterogeneidad de la segregación en Países Bajos
Este artículo ofrece una evaluación detallada y longitudinal de la desigualdad económica y la segregación residencial en todas las zonas urbanas de los Países Bajos, cubriendo el periodo de 2003 a 2010. Al utilizar microdatos que abarcan la totalidad de la población del país, estimamos el nivel de segregación por ingresos mediante el Rank-Order Information Theory Index (ROITI), un indicador avanzado que se adapta a la naturaleza continua de la variable y no necesita establecer categorías de renta arbitrarias. Además, el ROITI permite una desagregación de la estimación al nivel de cada percentil, de forma que nos capacita para estimar la segregación de la pobreza y la segregación de la riqueza como dos elementos diferenciados. Las estimaciones muestran una asociación positiva entre desigualdad y segregación, aunque existe una variación considerable entre zonas urbanas y su evolución en el tiempo. Además, nuestros hallazgos confirman que los hogares más acomodados tienden a estar más separados en el espacio que la población más pobre. Sin embargo, los niveles de segregación de los diferentes segmentos de la distribución de los ingresos han variado de manera muy dispar entre las zonas urbanas de Países Bajos. Estos resultados indican que la segregación constituye un fenómeno distinto entre diferentes áreas geográficas, a lo largo del tiempo y entre distintos grupos sociales.
...
Este artículo ofrece una evaluación detallada y longitudinal de la desigualdad económica y la segregación residencial en todas las zonas urbanas de los Países Bajos, cubriendo el periodo de 2003 a 2010. Al utilizar microdatos que abarcan la totalidad de la población del país, estimamos el nivel de segregación por ingresos mediante el Rank-Order Information Theory Index (ROITI), un indicador avanzado que se adapta a la naturaleza continua de la variable y no necesita establecer categorías de renta arbitrarias. Además, el ROITI permite una desagregación de la estimación al nivel de cada percentil, de forma que nos capacita para estimar la segregación de la pobreza y la segregación de la riqueza como dos elementos diferenciados. Las estimaciones muestran una asociación positiva entre desigualdad y segregación, aunque existe una variación considerable entre zonas urbanas y su evolución en el tiempo. Además, nuestros hallazgos confirman que los hogares más acomodados tienden a estar más separados en el espacio que la población más pobre. Sin embargo, los niveles de segregación de los diferentes segmentos de la distribución de los ingresos han variado de manera muy dispar entre las zonas urbanas de Países Bajos. Estos resultados indican que la segregación constituye un fenómeno distinto entre diferentes áreas geográficas, a lo largo del tiempo y entre distintos grupos sociales.
To reflect on the future of Environment and Planning B (EPB), I had to dig into its past. This is in part because the journal only entered my radar about a decade ago, when fellow PhD students from our Geodiversity project managed to publish an Agent-based Modelling (ABM) piece in the journal (Schmitt et al., 2015). The joy and pride of the team made me feel like this journal was a special place to have your research featured. With the online archive,1 I attempted to reconstruct how the journal and the field developed, how people predicted where we would be now. And I found just what I was looking for! Indeed, when you read Mike Batty’s (1998) editorial for the 25th anniversary, you are given a free tour of the story of EPB’s origin, from a spin-off of EPA to tackle the architectural scale of design at its beginnings under the editorship of Lionel March, to its later development as an outlet whose broader goal was, in a nutshell, to understand how cities work in order to make them better. The first 10 years of EPB illustrate the transition from a quarterly journal to an established publication for urban research, with more issues per year, more editors, in a publishing landscape divided, from 1983 to 2018, between Economy and Space (EPA), Design and Planning (EPB), Politics and Space (EPC) and Society and Space (EPD).2 In terms of content, the journal experienced a transition from theories of design to ‘formal languages for planning’ (Batty, 1998: 1). Although the journal is now operated in a collegial way, with a team of editors covering dedicated sections and leading special issues, the 1980s were a time of even more distributed leadership, with the majority of editorials actually written by guest editors. These guest editorials document the growing potential of computer usage in planning and design (e.g. Johnson, 1986; Stiny, 1986; Yeh, 1988) – an ‘unashamed’ transition of the journal’s scope (Batty, 1998).
...
To reflect on the future of Environment and Planning B (EPB), I had to dig into its past. This is in part because the journal only entered my radar about a decade ago, when fellow PhD students from our Geodiversity project managed to publish an Agent-based Modelling (ABM) piece in the journal (Schmitt et al., 2015). The joy and pride of the team made me feel like this journal was a special place to have your research featured. With the online archive,1 I attempted to reconstruct how the journal and the field developed, how people predicted where we would be now. And I found just what I was looking for! Indeed, when you read Mike Batty’s (1998) editorial for the 25th anniversary, you are given a free tour of the story of EPB’s origin, from a spin-off of EPA to tackle the architectural scale of design at its beginnings under the editorship of Lionel March, to its later development as an outlet whose broader goal was, in a nutshell, to understand how cities work in order to make them better. The first 10 years of EPB illustrate the transition from a quarterly journal to an established publication for urban research, with more issues per year, more editors, in a publishing landscape divided, from 1983 to 2018, between Economy and Space (EPA), Design and Planning (EPB), Politics and Space (EPC) and Society and Space (EPD).2 In terms of content, the journal experienced a transition from theories of design to ‘formal languages for planning’ (Batty, 1998: 1). Although the journal is now operated in a collegial way, with a team of editors covering dedicated sections and leading special issues, the 1980s were a time of even more distributed leadership, with the majority of editorials actually written by guest editors. These guest editorials document the growing potential of computer usage in planning and design (e.g. Johnson, 1986; Stiny, 1986; Yeh, 1988) – an ‘unashamed’ transition of the journal’s scope (Batty, 1998).
Journal article
(2024)
-
Clémentine Cottineau, Michael Batty, Itzhak Benenson, Justin Delloye, Erez Hatna, Denise Pumain, Somwrita Sarkar, Cécile Tannier, Rūta Ubarevičienė
Cities are so complex that we constantly build models to represent them, understand them and attempt to plan them. Models represent a middle ground between the singular configurations of cities and universal theories. This is what makes them valuable and prone to circulate (between places, institutions and languages) and evolve to adapt to new ideas, local conditions and/or other models. When it comes to analytical urban models (i.e. analytical representations of cities developed to study or simulate part of their structure or dynamics), there is a lack of academic understanding regarding how context and circulation affect their content, use and interpretation. What happens to analytical urban models and their reception during their circulation across geographical and disciplinary boundaries? How have different academic disciplines interacted with, contributed to and been influenced by analytical urban models? What are the consequences of urban models’ mobility for our understanding of cities? In this article, we employ the policy mobilities framework to analyse the circulation of analytical urban models. We use six canonical models as case studies to determine how their assumptions came about and how these models have circulated across different domains of policy and application by using biographical information and model analysis. The first contribution of the article is to demonstrate by example that our hypothesis regarding the influence of context is consistent. We also show that highly transferable/mobile models share common characteristics relating to contingent factors such as their creators’ biographies, institutional context and the traditional markers of power relations.
...
Cities are so complex that we constantly build models to represent them, understand them and attempt to plan them. Models represent a middle ground between the singular configurations of cities and universal theories. This is what makes them valuable and prone to circulate (between places, institutions and languages) and evolve to adapt to new ideas, local conditions and/or other models. When it comes to analytical urban models (i.e. analytical representations of cities developed to study or simulate part of their structure or dynamics), there is a lack of academic understanding regarding how context and circulation affect their content, use and interpretation. What happens to analytical urban models and their reception during their circulation across geographical and disciplinary boundaries? How have different academic disciplines interacted with, contributed to and been influenced by analytical urban models? What are the consequences of urban models’ mobility for our understanding of cities? In this article, we employ the policy mobilities framework to analyse the circulation of analytical urban models. We use six canonical models as case studies to determine how their assumptions came about and how these models have circulated across different domains of policy and application by using biographical information and model analysis. The first contribution of the article is to demonstrate by example that our hypothesis regarding the influence of context is consistent. We also show that highly transferable/mobile models share common characteristics relating to contingent factors such as their creators’ biographies, institutional context and the traditional markers of power relations.
How to conduct more systematic reviews of agent-based models and foster theory development
Taking stock and looking ahead
Journal article
(2024)
-
Sebastian Achter, Melania Borit, Clémentine Cottineau, Matthias Meyer, J. Gareth Polhill, Viktoriia Radchuk
Agent-based models (ABMs) are increasingly utilized in ecology and related fields, yet concerns persist regarding the lack of consideration for lessons learned from previous models. This study explores the potential of systematically conducted ABM reviews to contribute to cumulative science and theory development by synthesizing individual ABM findings more effectively. We are conducting a meta-review of ABM reviews to assess current practices, compare them to systematic literature review (SLR) literature recommendations, and evaluate their engagement with theory and theory development. Our analysis of the ecology and social science sample reveals that many reviews are not conducted systematically and lack transparency. The analysis step of SLRs holds significant potential to advance theory development. Reviews primarily focus on model design, while other avenues of theory development receive less attention. Our findings suggest ways to improve current practices and may guide future ABM reviews via benchmarks for methodological decisions and dimensions for advancing theory development.
...
Agent-based models (ABMs) are increasingly utilized in ecology and related fields, yet concerns persist regarding the lack of consideration for lessons learned from previous models. This study explores the potential of systematically conducted ABM reviews to contribute to cumulative science and theory development by synthesizing individual ABM findings more effectively. We are conducting a meta-review of ABM reviews to assess current practices, compare them to systematic literature review (SLR) literature recommendations, and evaluate their engagement with theory and theory development. Our analysis of the ecology and social science sample reveals that many reviews are not conducted systematically and lack transparency. The analysis step of SLRs holds significant potential to advance theory development. Reviews primarily focus on model design, while other avenues of theory development receive less attention. Our findings suggest ways to improve current practices and may guide future ABM reviews via benchmarks for methodological decisions and dimensions for advancing theory development.
Spatial inequalities and cities
A review
This special issue of Environment and Planning B focuses on Spatial Inequalities and Cities. As the world progresses to almost a fully urban state, locations, networks, and access shape the everyday lives lived in cities, alongside being the movers and shapers of the future of sustainable and equitable urbanization. This special issue brings together a set of peer-reviewerd papers spanning urban science, urban analytics, geographic information / spatial science, network science, and quantitative socio-economic-spatial analysis, to explore and examine how the morphological, structural and spatial form of cities is linked to the production, maintenance and exacerbation of socio-economic inequalities and injustices. The issue also presents a critical angle on data, methods, and their use, and on how novel data and methods can help shed light on new dimensions of spatial inequalities. This editorial presents a brief critical review of the field of urban spatial inequalities and a summary of the special issue.
...
This special issue of Environment and Planning B focuses on Spatial Inequalities and Cities. As the world progresses to almost a fully urban state, locations, networks, and access shape the everyday lives lived in cities, alongside being the movers and shapers of the future of sustainable and equitable urbanization. This special issue brings together a set of peer-reviewerd papers spanning urban science, urban analytics, geographic information / spatial science, network science, and quantitative socio-economic-spatial analysis, to explore and examine how the morphological, structural and spatial form of cities is linked to the production, maintenance and exacerbation of socio-economic inequalities and injustices. The issue also presents a critical angle on data, methods, and their use, and on how novel data and methods can help shed light on new dimensions of spatial inequalities. This editorial presents a brief critical review of the field of urban spatial inequalities and a summary of the special issue.
Spatial dynamics of incoming movers and the state-led gentrification process
The case of Rotterdam
Journal article
(2024)
-
Kyri Maaike Joey Janssen, Clémentine Cottineau-Mugadza, Reinout Kleinhans, Ellen van Bueren
Although gentrification and its associated changes in residential mobility have been widely studied, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the changing origin locations of gentrification-related residential moves. In this study, we use fine-grained register data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics to uncover changing residential mobility patterns to and within the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We identify that the state-led gentrification process goes hand in hand with the changing socioeconomic characteristics of in-movers and the changing origin locations of residential moves. The city of Rotterdam increasingly attracts middle- to high-income households from other core cities in the Netherlands, a process that we understand as inter-urban gentrification spillover. In parallel, intra-urban moves by economically vulnerable residents are declining, especially toward and within gentrifying neighborhoods. This represents evidence of exclusionary displacement. We conclude that the spillover effects of contemporary gentrification should be understood beyond an intra-urban metropolitan perspective since gentrification in one city can enhance gentrification in another.
...
Although gentrification and its associated changes in residential mobility have been widely studied, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the changing origin locations of gentrification-related residential moves. In this study, we use fine-grained register data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics to uncover changing residential mobility patterns to and within the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We identify that the state-led gentrification process goes hand in hand with the changing socioeconomic characteristics of in-movers and the changing origin locations of residential moves. The city of Rotterdam increasingly attracts middle- to high-income households from other core cities in the Netherlands, a process that we understand as inter-urban gentrification spillover. In parallel, intra-urban moves by economically vulnerable residents are declining, especially toward and within gentrifying neighborhoods. This represents evidence of exclusionary displacement. We conclude that the spillover effects of contemporary gentrification should be understood beyond an intra-urban metropolitan perspective since gentrification in one city can enhance gentrification in another.
Generative modelling entered the field of geography and spatial analysis some 35 years ago. Besides allowing spatial analysts and geographers to build operational models for transportation and planning, it has represented the opportunity to take causal inference from the traditional (statistical) analysis of empirical models to the design of causal mechanisms simulated in virtual environments. It is a major epistemological shift, whose scientific contribution still needs advocacy in the wider community of geographers and spatial analysts. In parallel, the expansion of both computing power and available data have made it easier for isolated teams and individuals to build ad hoc models fit for their specific research questions, leading to a cacophonous development of generative models unrelated to one another. Since the introduction of generative modelling in geography and spatial analysis, hundreds of models have been developed; all may have been wrong, but some were surely useful. However, most models built over the years have been abandoned, their program either inoperable with today’s technology or lost entirely. Over 35 years, this should strike us as vastly wasteful of ideas, time and energy. In this chapter, I will lay out possible paths towards sustainable, modular and painless generative models, and the expected impacts in terms of geographical theory development and scientific reproducibility. In this way, generative modelling done right can contribute both to a new form of causal inference and to the larger programme of social sciences: the simultaneous search for generalised explanations of social phenomena and recognition of the uniqueness of historical events.
...
Generative modelling entered the field of geography and spatial analysis some 35 years ago. Besides allowing spatial analysts and geographers to build operational models for transportation and planning, it has represented the opportunity to take causal inference from the traditional (statistical) analysis of empirical models to the design of causal mechanisms simulated in virtual environments. It is a major epistemological shift, whose scientific contribution still needs advocacy in the wider community of geographers and spatial analysts. In parallel, the expansion of both computing power and available data have made it easier for isolated teams and individuals to build ad hoc models fit for their specific research questions, leading to a cacophonous development of generative models unrelated to one another. Since the introduction of generative modelling in geography and spatial analysis, hundreds of models have been developed; all may have been wrong, but some were surely useful. However, most models built over the years have been abandoned, their program either inoperable with today’s technology or lost entirely. Over 35 years, this should strike us as vastly wasteful of ideas, time and energy. In this chapter, I will lay out possible paths towards sustainable, modular and painless generative models, and the expected impacts in terms of geographical theory development and scientific reproducibility. In this way, generative modelling done right can contribute both to a new form of causal inference and to the larger programme of social sciences: the simultaneous search for generalised explanations of social phenomena and recognition of the uniqueness of historical events.
Gentrification and the Origin and Destination of Movers
A Systematic Review
Journal article
(2023)
-
Kyri Maaike Joey Janssen, Clémentine Cottineau, Reinout Kleinhans, Ellen van Bueren
Gentrification is a process whereby neighbourhoods and their socio-economic composition upgrade through residential moves and social mobility. Relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial aspect of gentrification-induced residential moves. This systematic literature review focuses on the origin and destination of moves to and from gentrifying neighbourhoods, by gentrifiers (movers in) and displacees (movers out). It identifies where, when, and how such research has been conducted and highlights gaps in the literature. Our results suggest that the destination of displaced households has been studied extensively, while an understanding of the spatial origins of gentrifiers is lacking. The few studies dedicated to gentrifiers' origins mostly focus on intra-urban environments, overlooking potential mobility dynamics from outside the city-region. We highlight that capturing both origins and destinations of movers at different spatial scales is necessary to demonstrate how residential mobility creates interactions and demographic interdependencies between neighbourhoods and cities.
...
Gentrification is a process whereby neighbourhoods and their socio-economic composition upgrade through residential moves and social mobility. Relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial aspect of gentrification-induced residential moves. This systematic literature review focuses on the origin and destination of moves to and from gentrifying neighbourhoods, by gentrifiers (movers in) and displacees (movers out). It identifies where, when, and how such research has been conducted and highlights gaps in the literature. Our results suggest that the destination of displaced households has been studied extensively, while an understanding of the spatial origins of gentrifiers is lacking. The few studies dedicated to gentrifiers' origins mostly focus on intra-urban environments, overlooking potential mobility dynamics from outside the city-region. We highlight that capturing both origins and destinations of movers at different spatial scales is necessary to demonstrate how residential mobility creates interactions and demographic interdependencies between neighbourhoods and cities.
In this article, I conduct a textual and contextual meta-analysis of the empirical literature on Zipf's law for cities. Combining citation network analysis and bibliometrics, this meta-analysis explores the link between publication bias and reporting bias in the multidisciplinary field of quantitative urban studies. To complement a set of metadata already available, I collect the full-texts and reference lists of 66 scientific articles published in English and construct similarity networks of the terms they use as well as of the references and disciplines they cite. I use these networks as explanatory variables in a model of the similarity network of the distribution of Zipf estimates reported in the 66 articles. I find that the proximity in words frequently used by authors correlates positively with their tendency to report similar values and dispersion of Zipf estimates. The reference framework of articles also plays a role, as articles which cite similar references tend to report similar average values of Zipf estimates. As a complement to previous meta-analyses, the present approach sheds light on the scientific text and context mobilized to report on city size distributions. It allows to identified gaps in the corpus and potentially overlooked articles. It confirms the relationship between publication and reporting biases.
...
In this article, I conduct a textual and contextual meta-analysis of the empirical literature on Zipf's law for cities. Combining citation network analysis and bibliometrics, this meta-analysis explores the link between publication bias and reporting bias in the multidisciplinary field of quantitative urban studies. To complement a set of metadata already available, I collect the full-texts and reference lists of 66 scientific articles published in English and construct similarity networks of the terms they use as well as of the references and disciplines they cite. I use these networks as explanatory variables in a model of the similarity network of the distribution of Zipf estimates reported in the 66 articles. I find that the proximity in words frequently used by authors correlates positively with their tendency to report similar values and dispersion of Zipf estimates. The reference framework of articles also plays a role, as articles which cite similar references tend to report similar average values of Zipf estimates. As a complement to previous meta-analyses, the present approach sheds light on the scientific text and context mobilized to report on city size distributions. It allows to identified gaps in the corpus and potentially overlooked articles. It confirms the relationship between publication and reporting biases.
Cities have become the major habitat for human societies. They are also the places where the starkest social inequalities show up. Income, social, land and housing inequalities shape the built environment and living conditions of different neighborhoods of cities, and in return, unequal access to services, environmental quality and favorable health conditions in different neighborhoods and cities fuel the reproduction of interpersonal inequalities.
This book examines how inequalities are produced and reproduced both within and between cities. In particular, we review land rent and social segregation theories from diverse disciplinary references and through examples taken from around the world.
The attraction of urban centralities, which is further reinforced by the growing financialization of property and urban capital, is also analyzed through the lens of its influence on rent-seeking mechanisms and the ever increasing pressure of population migration. ...
This book examines how inequalities are produced and reproduced both within and between cities. In particular, we review land rent and social segregation theories from diverse disciplinary references and through examples taken from around the world.
The attraction of urban centralities, which is further reinforced by the growing financialization of property and urban capital, is also analyzed through the lens of its influence on rent-seeking mechanisms and the ever increasing pressure of population migration. ...
Cities have become the major habitat for human societies. They are also the places where the starkest social inequalities show up. Income, social, land and housing inequalities shape the built environment and living conditions of different neighborhoods of cities, and in return, unequal access to services, environmental quality and favorable health conditions in different neighborhoods and cities fuel the reproduction of interpersonal inequalities.
This book examines how inequalities are produced and reproduced both within and between cities. In particular, we review land rent and social segregation theories from diverse disciplinary references and through examples taken from around the world.
The attraction of urban centralities, which is further reinforced by the growing financialization of property and urban capital, is also analyzed through the lens of its influence on rent-seeking mechanisms and the ever increasing pressure of population migration.
This book examines how inequalities are produced and reproduced both within and between cities. In particular, we review land rent and social segregation theories from diverse disciplinary references and through examples taken from around the world.
The attraction of urban centralities, which is further reinforced by the growing financialization of property and urban capital, is also analyzed through the lens of its influence on rent-seeking mechanisms and the ever increasing pressure of population migration.
La négociation d’« entreprise » en pratiques
Pluralité des configurations et stratégies des acteurs
Journal article
(2021)
-
Delphine Brochard, C. Cottineau, Claude Didry, Camille Dupuy, Denis Giordano, Jules Simha
La promotion de la négociation collective d’entreprise est au cœur des réformes successives du système français de relations professionnelles. L’objectif affiché est celui de l’instauration d’une régulation de proximité, permettant de construire des compromis efficaces entre la diversité des intérêts existant au sein de l’entreprise. Qu’en est-il en pratique ? Prenant appui sur une exploitation de l’enquête REPONSE (2017) appareillée à des données administratives sur l’implantation géographique des établissements issues de la base FLORES (2017), l’article montre que l’espace de la négociation collective se structure en quatre configurations et que la con10figuration de négociation la plus fréquente ne correspond pas à une régulation de proximité. Mobilisant des études de cas d’entreprise, nous montrons ensuite comment, derrière ces configurations, se jouent des rapports de forces entre les acteurs légaux de la négociation et comment leurs stratégies respectives contribuent à définir l’espace de négociation le plus propice à servir leurs intentions réciproques.
...
La promotion de la négociation collective d’entreprise est au cœur des réformes successives du système français de relations professionnelles. L’objectif affiché est celui de l’instauration d’une régulation de proximité, permettant de construire des compromis efficaces entre la diversité des intérêts existant au sein de l’entreprise. Qu’en est-il en pratique ? Prenant appui sur une exploitation de l’enquête REPONSE (2017) appareillée à des données administratives sur l’implantation géographique des établissements issues de la base FLORES (2017), l’article montre que l’espace de la négociation collective se structure en quatre configurations et que la con10figuration de négociation la plus fréquente ne correspond pas à une régulation de proximité. Mobilisant des études de cas d’entreprise, nous montrons ensuite comment, derrière ces configurations, se jouent des rapports de forces entre les acteurs légaux de la négociation et comment leurs stratégies respectives contribuent à définir l’espace de négociation le plus propice à servir leurs intentions réciproques.
On the evening of 16th March 2020, the French president, Emmanuel Macron announced the start of a national lockdown, for a period of 15 days. It would be effective from noon the next day (17th March). On the 18th March 2020 at 01:11 pm, the first email circulated in the MicMac team, who had been working on the micro-macro modelling of the spread of a disease in a transportation network a few years. This email was the start of CoVprehension. After about a week of intense emulation, the website was launched, with three questions answered. A month later, there were about fifteen questions on the website, and the group was composed of nearly thirty members from French research institutions, in a varied pool of disciplines, all contributing as volunteers from their confined residence.
...
On the evening of 16th March 2020, the French president, Emmanuel Macron announced the start of a national lockdown, for a period of 15 days. It would be effective from noon the next day (17th March). On the 18th March 2020 at 01:11 pm, the first email circulated in the MicMac team, who had been working on the micro-macro modelling of the spread of a disease in a transportation network a few years. This email was the start of CoVprehension. After about a week of intense emulation, the website was launched, with three questions answered. A month later, there were about fifteen questions on the website, and the group was composed of nearly thirty members from French research institutions, in a varied pool of disciplines, all contributing as volunteers from their confined residence.