RS
R.A. Sheldon
Authored
20 records found
Metrics of Green Chemistry and Sustainability
Past, Present, and Future
The first green chemistry metrics - the E factor (kgs waste/kg product) and atom economy (mol wt of product/sum of mol wts of starting materials) - were introduced in the early 1990s and were actually green chemistry avant la lettre. In the last two decades, these two metrics hav
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Biocatalysis and biomass conversion
Enabling a circular economy
Two of the grand societal and technological challenges of the twenty first century are the 'greening' of chemicals manufacture and the ongoing transition to a bio-based economy: that is a sustainable, carbon-neutral economy based on renewable biomass as the raw material. These ch
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Cleas, combi-cleas and ‘smart’ magnetic cleas
Biocatalysis in a bio-based economy
Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclabl
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The Road to Biorenewables
Carbohydrates to Commodity Chemicals
The pressing need for climate change mitigation has focused attention on reducing global emissions of carbon dioxide by effectuating the transition from fossil-based chemicals manufacture to a carbon neutral alternative based on lignocellulosic waste. The first step involves frac
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Ionic TEMPO in Ionic Liquids
Specific Promotion of the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
The main objective of this study was to design a recyclable TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl) derivative that could be used as a catalyst in an ionic liquid solvent for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols by using NaNO2 and HCl as co-catalysts. To this end, a TEMPO deri
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Ionic TEMPO in Ionic Liquids
Specific Promotion of the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
The main objective of this study was to design a recyclable TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl) derivative that could be used as a catalyst in an ionic liquid solvent for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols by using NaNO2 and HCl as co-catalysts. To this end, a TEMPO deri
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Ionic TEMPO in Ionic Liquids
Specific Promotion of the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
The main objective of this study was to design a recyclable TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl) derivative that could be used as a catalyst in an ionic liquid solvent for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols by using NaNO2 and HCl as co-catalysts. To this end, a TEMPO deri
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Ionic TEMPO in Ionic Liquids
Specific Promotion of the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
The main objective of this study was to design a recyclable TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl) derivative that could be used as a catalyst in an ionic liquid solvent for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols by using NaNO2 and HCl as co-catalysts. To this end, a TEMPO deri
...
Ionic TEMPO in Ionic Liquids
Specific Promotion of the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
The main objective of this study was to design a recyclable TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl) derivative that could be used as a catalyst in an ionic liquid solvent for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols by using NaNO2 and HCl as co-catalysts. To this end, a TEMPO deri
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Metrics of green chemistry
Waste minimization
The increasingly apparent negative impact of human activities on the environment has heightened the urgency for the chemistry community to adopt greener and more sustainable practices. The E-factor can still be considered a valuable tool in this drive, particularly because of its
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Biocatalysis in ionic liquids
State-of-the-union
This perspective reviews the current status and prospects of biocatalysis in ionic liquids. Although they are not strictly speaking ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents are included because of the close similarities of their properties and potential applications with those of io
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The E factor at 30
A passion for pollution prevention
The introduction of the E Factor in 1992 focussed attention on the problem of waste generation, defined as everything but the desired product, in chemicals manufacture and gave rise to a paradigm shift in our concept of efficiency in chemical processes, from one based solely on c
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Green chemistry and the plastic pollution challenge
Towards a circular economy
The linear economy for plastic packaging, which currently leads to excessive carbon dioxide emissions and leakage into the environment, needs to be reformed to a greener circular model which is resource efficient and environmentally benign. This requires a system-wide redesigning
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New frontiers in enzyme immobilisation
Robust biocatalysts for a circular bio-based economy
This tutorial review focuses on recent advances in technologies for enzyme immobilisation, enabling their cost-effective use in the bio-based economy and continuous processing in general. The application of enzymes, particularly in aqueous media, is generally on a single use, thr
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Chemicals from renewable biomass
A renaissance in carbohydrate chemistry
The conversion of sugars, derived from waste polysaccharide biomass, to commodity chemicals by fermentation or catalytic hydrogenation, oxidation or dehydration or combinations thereof are reviewed.@en
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Biocatalysis
Recent Advances in the Use of Enzymes in Organic Synthesis
Enzymes are excellent catalysts that are increasingly being used in industry and academia. This perspectiveis primarily aimed at synthetic organic chemists with limited experience using enzymes and providesa general and practical guide to enzymes and their synthetic potential, wi
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The greening of solvents
Towards sustainable organic synthesis
Recent developments in the evolution of more sustainable solvent use in organic synthesis are critically reviewed. Commonly used organic solvents and less common bio-based examples are assessed and ranked on the basis of waste disposal and environmental impact, health and safety
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Inspiring process innovation
Via an improved green manufacturing metric: IGAL
Following our goal to devise a unified green chemistry metric that inspires innovation in sustainable drug manufacturing across the pharmaceutical industry, we herein disclose joint efforts by IQ, the ACS GCI PR and academia, leading to the significantly improved 'innovation Gree
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Inspiring process innovation
Via an improved green manufacturing metric: IGAL
Following our goal to devise a unified green chemistry metric that inspires innovation in sustainable drug manufacturing across the pharmaceutical industry, we herein disclose joint efforts by IQ, the ACS GCI PR and academia, leading to the significantly improved 'innovation Gree
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Inspiring process innovation
Via an improved green manufacturing metric: IGAL
Following our goal to devise a unified green chemistry metric that inspires innovation in sustainable drug manufacturing across the pharmaceutical industry, we herein disclose joint efforts by IQ, the ACS GCI PR and academia, leading to the significantly improved 'innovation Gree
...