A nationwide program for building one million dwellings aims to relieve the Netherland’s housing crisis: nearly a quarter of this construction will take place in South Holland. Currently, the construction industry needs a huge input of raw materials that is not only causing waste problems but is also decreasing environmental quality. A large part of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is being downcycled, losing economic and material value. This creates not only a need but an opportunity for a construction and demolition (C&D) industry based on circular flows and biobased materials. The goal of this project is to produce a vision with strategies for the implementation of circularity along with the resolution of spatial conflicts in different scales.An overview of the spatial, technical and economic needs of the C&D industry and its externalities in urban environments was made. This resulted in the understanding of the spatial conflicts currently taking place between these two spheres of development and the potentials that circularity will have on jobs and consumption patterns. From this, a proposal for a circularity model with three components was formulated: an open network with a central production hub and peripheric logistic hubs, an open program for these hubs that adapts to current and future needs, and open edges that create interactions with their built and social environment.

Cities and regions around the world are experiencing an increase in extreme weatherrelated disruptions as a result of climate change. These disruptions are testing the integrity of energy systems including electricity grids. An emerging concept to assess the vulnerability of systems to disruptions is the concept of resilience. Resilience is used to assess the entire cycle of a disruptive event or specific phases such as the before, during, and after the event. In this thesis, a set of criteria to assess the resilience of the electricity grid is defined. Then the electricity grid sectors of Harris County, Texas are assessed by applying the developed and operationalized resilience criteria. This is done to understand the current resilience conditions of electricity grid sectors. The criteria are applied for assessment purposes by using the MultiAttribute Value Theory (MAVT) method of MultiCriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The results of this method are displayed using a series of maps. Results from the electricity grid sectors’ assessment provide an understanding of the resilience of a city’s electricity grid sectors, highlighting which low scoring sectors need more attention. In turn, having an overview of the resilience of electricity grid sectors can be used to plan or improve infrastructure including the integration of local renewable energy generation.