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The most urgent need for regeneration in the future is a large number of new workers' estates built from the 1950s. The physical and social decay problems of these areas start to become severe in recent years. There has already been some researches and regeneration of the buildings in these areas, but the public space quality is dissatisfied and most anticipated by residents to regeneration. The spatial problems, aging problems, and the ability to adapt climate changes are the most severe challenges of the public space of new workers' estates. The current urban regeneration generates 180 million tons of construction, demolition, and decoration waste (CDDW) per year in Shanghai. Because of the large amount of material flow and the harsh environmental impact, the regeneration mode of new workers' estates should change compared to the current linear construction. This research aims to use circular construction to improve public space quality solving spatial and aging problems in multi scales. Meanwhile, make the regeneration design future adaptive to changes. Through the literature review of the existing circular construction techniques, the methods suitable for applying CDDW to public spaces are selected. In order to meet the three principles of circularity, elderly adaptive and future adaptive at the same time, the toolbox of the modular design was designed. It will be applied to the case site showing as a design framework. In order to implement, systemize, and generalize the circular regeneration, use the collaborative circular construction network. It can be concluded that the CDDW generated during the regeneration of new workers' estate is circularly used to improve the public space quality and make the public space more sustainable and adaptive to future changes in both neighborhood scale and urban scale.
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The most urgent need for regeneration in the future is a large number of new workers' estates built from the 1950s. The physical and social decay problems of these areas start to become severe in recent years. There has already been some researches and regeneration of the buildings in these areas, but the public space quality is dissatisfied and most anticipated by residents to regeneration. The spatial problems, aging problems, and the ability to adapt climate changes are the most severe challenges of the public space of new workers' estates. The current urban regeneration generates 180 million tons of construction, demolition, and decoration waste (CDDW) per year in Shanghai. Because of the large amount of material flow and the harsh environmental impact, the regeneration mode of new workers' estates should change compared to the current linear construction. This research aims to use circular construction to improve public space quality solving spatial and aging problems in multi scales. Meanwhile, make the regeneration design future adaptive to changes. Through the literature review of the existing circular construction techniques, the methods suitable for applying CDDW to public spaces are selected. In order to meet the three principles of circularity, elderly adaptive and future adaptive at the same time, the toolbox of the modular design was designed. It will be applied to the case site showing as a design framework. In order to implement, systemize, and generalize the circular regeneration, use the collaborative circular construction network. It can be concluded that the CDDW generated during the regeneration of new workers' estate is circularly used to improve the public space quality and make the public space more sustainable and adaptive to future changes in both neighborhood scale and urban scale.
Ti4+,Mn4+ deep-red-emitting phosphors with high brightness for light-emitting diode (LED) plant-growth lighting
Journal article(2018)
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Zhi Zhou, Yiran Li, Mao Xia, Yuan Zhong, Nan Zhou, H. T.Bert Hintzenc
For plant-growth lighting, novel deep-red emission phosphors with high brightness were obtained by co-doping Ti4+ and Mn4+ into a Ca14Al10Zn6O35 substrate through a conventional solid-state reaction strategy. The nominal Ca14-(x+y)/2Al10-x-yZn6O35:xTi4+,yMn4+ (CAZO:Ti4+,Mn4+) phosphors could be excited by both near-ultraviolet (NUV) and blue-light-emitting diode (LED) chips efficiently and exhibited a strong deep-red emission band ranging from 650 nm to 750 nm, which should be the result of the 2E → 4A2 transition inside the [MnO6]8- octahedral. Multiple energy transfer from Ti4+ to Mn4+ was detected in this CAZO; whereby Ti4+ and Mn4+ phosphors were verified to be a result of the dipole-dipole interaction under excitation at 270 nm. LED plant-growth lights were fabricated using the as-prepared nominal Ca13.825Al9.65Zn6O35:0.15Mn4+,0.2Ti4+,0.005H3BO3 (CAZO:Mn4+,Ti4+,H3BO3) phosphors pumped by a 460 nm blue-chip; this luminaire could be used to greatly promote the cultivation of succulent plants. Combined with the attractive thermal stability as well as high quantum efficiency (QE) of this phosphor, it was demonstrated that these novel phosphors may be candidate deep-red luminescent materials for LED plant lighting.
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For plant-growth lighting, novel deep-red emission phosphors with high brightness were obtained by co-doping Ti4+ and Mn4+ into a Ca14Al10Zn6O35 substrate through a conventional solid-state reaction strategy. The nominal Ca14-(x+y)/2Al10-x-yZn6O35:xTi4+,yMn4+ (CAZO:Ti4+,Mn4+) phosphors could be excited by both near-ultraviolet (NUV) and blue-light-emitting diode (LED) chips efficiently and exhibited a strong deep-red emission band ranging from 650 nm to 750 nm, which should be the result of the 2E → 4A2 transition inside the [MnO6]8- octahedral. Multiple energy transfer from Ti4+ to Mn4+ was detected in this CAZO; whereby Ti4+ and Mn4+ phosphors were verified to be a result of the dipole-dipole interaction under excitation at 270 nm. LED plant-growth lights were fabricated using the as-prepared nominal Ca13.825Al9.65Zn6O35:0.15Mn4+,0.2Ti4+,0.005H3BO3 (CAZO:Mn4+,Ti4+,H3BO3) phosphors pumped by a 460 nm blue-chip; this luminaire could be used to greatly promote the cultivation of succulent plants. Combined with the attractive thermal stability as well as high quantum efficiency (QE) of this phosphor, it was demonstrated that these novel phosphors may be candidate deep-red luminescent materials for LED plant lighting.
