With increasing policies and societal pressure, the environmental impact of product design has become a widespread concern. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a key method used to quantify the environmental impacts associated with the manufacture, transport, use and disposal of a product. While LCA provides valuable insights, it is primarily used as a retrospective evaluation tool rather than to inform design decisions. This is largely due to the complexity, data-intensive nature and misalignment of existing LCA software with the design workflow. As a result, designers struggle to incorporate LCA insights into their decision-making process.

To bridge this gap and lower the threshold for LCA adoption, Polaris Sustainability, a start-up company aiming to specialise in LCA software, initiated this thesis project to explore the development of a designer-friendly LCA tool. The aim is to make LCA more accessible by integrating it seamlessly into the design process, allowing designers to apply LCA in an ex-ante manner, assessing environmental impacts before their products are finalised. This approach helps designers integrate sustainability considerations early in development when changes are still flexible. By addressing environmental impacts before decisions become too costly or difficult to reverse, it enables more sustainable design choices.

The research identified two key challenges: the complexity of LCA software and the lack of alignment with design workflows. Designers often struggle with critical LCA steps, such as defining Functional Units (FUs), handling incomplete datasets, and interpreting results. At the same time, different design stages require different levels of environmental insights. Recognizing LCA’s value at each stage (e.g., ideation or embodiment) can improve its integration into decision-making. Designers also need structured support in performing LCA, including guidance on working with incomplete data, using proxies, and simplifying LCA terminology to make it more intuitive and actionable.

To address these issues, a digital prototype was developed through UX design methods and usability testing, featuring a wizard-based approach that guides designers step by step through the LCA process. Key features include accessible databases for material and process data, uncertainty management for handling incomplete datasets, and clear data visualizations to help designers understand and compare environmental impacts.

A feasibility discussion with software developers confirmed that the tool’s core functionalities, such as guided workflows and real-time impact assessments, are technically feasible. However, some features will require excessive computing power, making them prone to error. Future development should focus on creating a functional prototype, gathering additional user feedback, and enhancing automation to reduce cognitive load. Developing databases tailored to designers' material and process knowledge will be essential to improving usability.

By refining the user experience, addressing data challenges, and modelling the back-end, Polaris will be able to develop a practical LCA tool that supports environmetnal design decisions. Collaboration with academia and industry, along with pilot studies, will further strengthen the tool, ensuring it is both methodologically sound and aligned with practical design needs before its full launch.

This report covers the findings and considerations for the development of a reconfigurable bicycle battery pack with replaceable pouch cells.

On the path to net zero, electric vehicles will play a major role in the energy transition. As a result, battery demand is expected to rise significantly in the coming decade. To reduce the need for critical materials and prevent e-waste, it is essential to establish circular supply chains and implement effective end-of-life strategies.

Bicycle batteries consist of multiple cells, yet entire battery packs are often discarded when only a few cells fail, despite the remaining cells being perfectly reusable. One of the reasons is the excessive use of glue and solder in battery pack designs, which complicates both reuse and recycling.

In partnership with EAGLEBAT, this report explores the development of a battery pack that allows for the replacement of individual cells. Additionally, the design utilises pouch cells developed by EAGLEBAT instead of the conventional cylindrical cells typically used in bicycle batteries.

First, the context of battery design is explored, with a focus on existing bicycle batteries, their disassembly challenges, and their safety features. This phase also includes a comparison of pouch cells with other cell types, an introduction to EAGLEBAT’s pouch cell technology, and an evaluation of alternative joining techniques to replace soldering.

Second, boundaries are established to define the scope of the battery design. A vision for a reconfigurable system based on 12V modules is introduced, followed by the selection of a Battery Management System structure and an overview of the 12V module’s cell layout. Finally, design principles are formulated.

Third, ideation is started by dividing the design problem into sub-problems. Solutions for each sub-problem are generated and consequently compiled into a morphological chart. This chart, guided by design the design principles, serves as the basis for developing initial concepts. After evaluating these concepts, the focus shifts to the challenge of creating a durable, reversible tab connector. Three tab connector options are explored and through the DATUM method, the laser-welded flexible PCB tab connector is selected as the most suitable.

Ultimately, a final design concept is proposed as a demonstrator, integrating previous insights from the project. The laser-welded flexible PCB tab connector plays a central role in this design concept. The design is elaborated at cell, module, and battery pack levels, concluding with an evaluation of its overall performance.

The report then ends with a discussion of the project and with several recommendations toward the realisation of the design.

Smartphones are the most widely used electronic devices globally, producing vast amounts of CO2 emissions and contributing significantly to e-waste when they end up in landfills. Extending their lifespan by encouraging repairs can mitigate these environmental impacts. However, users often show resistance to repairing their devices due to a lack of knowledge about the specific issues. The barrier to diagnose a smartphone is too high. This thesis explores the design of a smartphone diagnostic tool that guides users to accurately diagnose common hardware problems in the Fairphone 3.
The four most common hardware faults in nonresponsive smartphones are issues with the screen, battery, charging port, and motherboard. A testing workflow was developed to detect these faults using an elimination approach, using testing points on the phone’s accessible battery and battery terminal. This method requires minimal disassembly and is integrated into a functional testing device compatible with the Fairphone 3.
The proposed design encourages repair behaviour through an interactive interface that effectively communicates diagnostic steps. It combines video and textual instructions to guide users through the process, motivating them to continue and directing them to subsequent repair actions.
Additionally, the device is designed to be shareable, available in public spaces such as libraries or maker spaces, which enhances accessibility and removes the need to purchase it for single use.
Furthermore, the potential for generalizing the diagnostic device to work with other smartphone models is discussed, broadening the design’s applicability and impact.
This thesis contributes to the field by combining a simple and efficient diagnostic workflow with consumer behaviour insights in a single testing device. It enables users to diagnose their phones with minimal effort, knowledge, and time, increasing their sense of competence and safety.

Keywords: Smartphone diagnosis, Consumer behaviour, Product design, Repair

In the face of increasing environmental challenges such as resource scarcity, biodiversity loss and water, air and soil pollution, the current consumption rate of resources is testing the earth’s physical limits (Bansal and Song, 2017; Geissdoerfer et al., 2017; Esposito, Tse and Soufani, 2018). Of all products, electrical and electronic devices are especially challenging for sustainability considering their demand, resource usage and the challenges in waste management. In the EU 12.4 million tons of EEE is put on the market, of which 4.7 million tons of WEEE is collected. This is about 10.5 kg of collected e-waste per person, per year in the EU alone (Eurostat, 2020). Especially for small electronics the substitution rate is high and products are replaced before reaching their functional lifetime because of the introduction of newer, better performing models.
To address these challenges the concept of the circular economy emerged as an alternative to turn this single-use lifestyle into one in which resources are circulated (Geissdoerfer et al., 2017). Electronics also provide an especially interesting product group regarding the circular economy, not only for the challenges listed above but the development phase for electronics is also highly time-consuming when circularity is a requirement. Considering this industry, the transition to the circular economy requires the implementation of circular strategies in the day-to-day business as well as along the product lifecycle. Clear guidance on how to achieve this is however not always easy to find in academic literature. Every circular economy expert has a different area of expertise, creating a scattered range of guidelines, frameworks, indicators and approaches for designing, measuring and implementing circular economy principles in business. Business in practice therefore requires a navigation aid to select and properly implement circular economy methods for a particular business. This thesis therefore answers the research question “How can appropriate circular economy methods be selected by OEMs to support the transition towards a circular economy in electronics?”
This thesis studies six companies within the electronics industry on their use of CE methods to eventually develop a navigational aid for original equipment manufacturers in the electronics industry. The case comparison led to four distinctive groups on how companies select and apply CE methods as well as a set of generic insights. Together these were applied in the development of the Circular Economy Method Compass. The CE Method Compass is a holistic approach to navigating circular economy methods that offers original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the electronics industry guidance in the transition to the circular economy and the development process of circular products and services. The CE Method Compass summarizes a comprehensive overview of available circular economy methods over five categories of CE methods: differentiation, collaboration, physical architecture, consumer engagement, and evaluation and assessment methods. The categories hereby cover the development process from the initiation of a circular vision to the final assessment of a product or service. The five categories combined have the opportunity to enable the R-strategies, creating circularity. The CE Method Compass can furthermore be used by both companies that wish to enhance their circular economy strategy as by companies new to the circular economy. The CE Method Compass hereby supports the use of CE methods by OEMs in the electronics industry and has the ability to increase the circularity of the sector.
This is valuable because achieving circularity in electronics is a challenging assignment. The CE Method Compass hereby provides an overview of where and how circular value can be achieved. Overall, the CE Method Compass facilitates navigation and broad application of CE methods. The compass is however only a first iteration of such a navigational aid and future research is needed to develop it further.

As photovoltaic (PV) technology enters the terawatt era, reliability, sustainability, and circularity in the solar industry can no longer be optional considerations for manufacturing solar modules. Despite two decades of intense solar manufacturing, the PV industry still predominantly operates within a linear economic structure, characterized by energy-intensive production and limited sustainability practices. One significant challenge associated with crystalline PV modules is the encapsulation process, which occurs within costly and unwieldy laminator machines. While laminating PV modules offers long-term stability and performance, it also imposes significant limitations on the disassembly, repairability, and recyclability of valuable PV module materials. The development of sustainable PV designs and manufacturing processes is crucial for transitioning to a circular economy. In response to this problem, Biosphere Solar, a startup company based in Delft, is developing a novel solar module design that eliminates the need for lamination. Their focus is on creating an easily disassembled solar module to facilitate repair, reuse, and ultimately achieving full recyclability with low-energy input. It is crucial to recognize that transitioning to non-laminated modules presents challenges in manufacturing. This thesis aims to identify and address barriers encountered in manufacturing laminate-free PV modules compared to traditional PV panels. First, becoming acquainted with laminated PV lines provided insights into the challenges to be encountered. The analysis of the laminate-free product primarily examines the module components, and materials diverging from laminated panels, such as adhesives, solder pastes, fillers, and edge sealants, assessing their trade-offs and configurations in terms of manufacturability. The product analysis has facilitated the definition of a manufacturing process flow, which is constructed based on assembly operations that both align with and diverge from standard PV manufacturing practices. This is complemented by an exploration of non-standardized processing methods, considering the associated boundary conditions in the assembly. The main challenges encountered include the metal paste dispensing, low-temperature soldering, and fluid filling processes, with multiple units installed and a necessity for a specific design tailored to this application. This study demonstrates competitiveness with respect to laminate PV line scales, particularly evident in larger-scale operations. Technically, a 30% reduction in energy consumption for machinery and up to 50% factory area savings can be achieved. The electrical consumption of the laminator(s) alone, for production volumes up to 300MW, can range between 20% and 50%, with a footprint share of up to 10% of the total manufacturing space. Economically, capital costs also demonstrate promise and have the potential to outperform laminated PV modules, especially in a highly automated setup line. Savings between 20-30% for equipment costs and up to 50% for building infrastructure costs are achievable. Nevertheless, the main factors offsetting these mitigated capital costs are the operational expenses associated with the bill of materials and the manpower required to produce this specific product. These material expenses can be up to 4-5 times higher than for a laminated panel, and up to twice the investment in manufacturing labour. This assessment lays the foundation for future research leveraging the trade-offs explored to refine choices and achieve optimal results.

This research aims to improve the balance between repairability and recyclability of an outdoor luminaire. For this, an existing outdoor luminaire, the Luma Gen2, was used as a case study. The product architecture of the Luma was analyzed, as well as its performance in the context of repairability and recyclability.

The repairability analysis showed that certain priority components are easily reachable and require few tools. However, the theoretical repair practices of the GearFlex box were not always experienced in the field and resulted in the need for individual driver replacement. Furthermore, the L2 was difficult to reach as it requires upside down disassembly. A shredder experiment showed the recyclability of the Luma. Most of the aluminum of the Luma ended up in the non-ferrous fraction and the wires and electronics were mostly liberated. The bolts used for the spigot, glass clamps and ground wires did not liberate and were mostly found in the wrong fraction. Also, certain materials were used that are difficult to recycle, like PC, PMMA, and Silicon rubber.

To determine what an optimized design of an outdoor luminaire could look like, 2 concepts and a full redesign of the Luma Gen2 were made. Experts ranked the concepts and found them to show improvements in both repairability and recyclability. The selected concept was developed further and turned into a functional prototype. This prototype decreased the time of a driver and L2 repair with a factor of 9. The recyclability of the prototype is also assumed to be significantly improved.

Furthermore, existing design guidelines regarding repairability and recyclability were presented and used during the concept development phase. These guidelines were analyzed on their usefulness and application to this specific product group and were adjusted accordingly, resulting in a suggested set of design guidelines on the repairability and recyclability of outdoor luminaires.

“3D Printing of Large Objects with PET Flakes” is the Graduation project of Daniël Eikelenboom of the Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering of the TU Delft for the Rotterdam based company 3D Robotprinting. The project focusses on the development and implementation of an ‘all-inclusive’ PET bottle recycling unit containing a large-scale 3D printer as made by 3D Robotprinting and the development of a preliminary set of guidelines for manufacturing products using the 3D printer. The aim is to enable the 3D printer to use PET flakes gained from bottles as feedstock. Therefore, the 3D printer was adapted and guidelines for manufacturing were developed. An iterative approach is followed, in which the exploration of the ‘novel’ source material and defining the design guidelines for manufacturing are at the heart of the project. After defining the context, the 3D printer was analysed and a literature study was performed, from which was concluded that the current polymer extrusion machine is likely too small to process the initial flake sample. With an initial sample of the material, experiments were performed in order to examine directions for a possible solution and to determine the most important properties, like flake material density, particle size distribution and funnel flow behaviour. By increasing the polymer extrusion screw channel depth at the feeding zone to 8 mm and compression ratio to 4:1 (resulting in a screw diameter of 30,4 mm), the 3D printer should be able to process PET flakes with a diameter up to 4 mm. To ensure the material does not contain particles larger than 4 mm in diameter, it should be shredded, granulated with a 3 mm mesh and sifted using a 4 mm sieve consecutively. Using literature of previous experiments, preliminary design guidelines for creating products with the 3D printer from 3D Robotprinting were set up. From a set of ideas gained from context analysis, a children’s slide was chosen to experiment on. Multiple prototyping rounds were done to perfect the slide’s printing performance and to refine the design guidelines. The project’s final results are: • Advised dimensions on the most important part of the system: the polymer extruder. • A list of preliminary design guidelines for optimizing a product for manufacturing on the 3D printer. • A children’s slide showing the application of the design guidelines.

The increasing global need for environmental preservation calls for new methods to increase the material efficiency of products. One way to do this, is by extending the use cycle of a product, by making the product more repairable. This thesis has studied existing use cycle extension strategies to propose a new smartphone ProductService System that stimulates consumers to choose for repair over replacement. The developed Product-Service System is a smartphone application. This application is provided to the user for free, and helps him to perform failure diagnosis, failure solution and failure prevention of the smartphone. The main objective of this research has been to develop a smartphone ProductService System that stimulates consumers to choose for repair over replacement. I have developed the app based on a literature review, consumer interviews, expert interviews, design iterations, and user tests. Literature review, consumer interviews, and expert interviews have provided insight into a way to assess the repairability of smartphones, as well as existing strategies that increase repairability. Based on the provided insights, I developed several directions for a possible Product-Service System to take shape. Based on consumer input, the most promising direction was chosen, after which the final concept has been developed in two main iterations, including a user test. Finally, I have shown that the app does not only seem to contribute to use cycle extension, but that it also fulfils consumers’ needs and preferences, is economically sustainable, and is feasible for any business to achieve. This thesis has two main contributions. First of all, the developed repairability scoring system can be applied in both academia and businesses to rate a product’s repairability. In this thesis, the framework has only been applied to smartphones, but its theoretical background allows it to be applied to any other electronic product as well. Secondly, I have shown that the developed app poses an interesting business opportunity, and that it can be applied in practice by anyone who is willing to take up the development of the app.

Businesses are being increasingly pressured to start making the transition from their current polluting economy towards a circular economy (CE) to pursuit a sustainable industry. Indicators for CE play a key role in this transition, enabling the measurement and control of this development. However, the scattered landscape of micro level CE indicators, which varies in purpose and scope, and their ambiguity in measuring environmental and social impact, complicates this transition. Circular consultants are being faced with these challenges when advising the right CE indicator to companies.
This study aims to provide CE consultants the tools to find an indicator that measures CE holistically and that fit their client’s profile. A literature review and interviews with 5 different circular consultants shows that many CE indicators are focused on material efficiency, leaving out aspects that are key for measuring environmental impact such as emissions and pollution. Additionally, social aspects are often not included in CE indicators even though the social dimension of CE is crucial for reaching a sustainable industry. At last, the literature review shows that CE indicators differ in characteristics such as purpose (such as learning or decision-making), their maturity in CE (from beginner to advanced), and data requirements.
Insights from the literature review and from the five interviews with different circular consultants, have led to the development of three tools: a checklist of sub-indicators for CE indicators to analyse their contribution to measuring environmental impact, a checklist of social indicators that are relevant for CE, and a framework to categorize CE indicators on six categories: measurement level, purposes of measuring, company’s maturity in CE, life cycle focus, ease of application and data requirements. The checklist for environmental impact and the categorization framework are applied to five CE indicators chosen from literature. The checklist provides an overview of sub-indicators present and missing in the CE indicators of analysis. Additionally, the sub-indicators in the checklist is translated into a questionnaire for a hypothetical company, to check its practicality. The framework shows that there are notable differences between the five CE indicators: in their purpose, life cycle focus, data requirements and ease of application.
Further work is required to investigate the tension between the CE indicator checklist for environmental impact and the ability of organizations to pick and choose CE indicators – which can be financially driven. Secondly, future case studies could help validate the effectiveness of the indicator checklist for environmental impact and the framework in assisting circular consultants in choosing a suitable and holistic CE indicator for a manufacturing company.

This graduation project makes a contribution to this complex challenge by researching the question “How can NS achieve circular inflow and outflow during building, modernisation and end-of-life for the train interior, car body and bogies?”. A contribution to this challenge was made by creating a design concept for a sustainable interior side wall panel. The current panel is made of glass fibre polyester composite, which is difficult to reuse or repurpose, and cannot be recycled. The sustainable alternative is made use of recyclable aluminium honeycomb materials, and has a dismountable structure due to the use of reversible Niaga adhesive. The flat shape of the panel combined with the optimized surface distribution increase the available panel size, which increases the potential for reuse or repurpose. Additionally, the wall panel is finished through the use of coloured foil instead of paint as this reduces toxic substances and improves cleanability, readjustability and recyclability. It also gives additional customization options to the panel, such as integrating a honeycomb pattern to illustrate the circular construction.

This report also reflects on the application of design methodology by researching the question “How can design methodology be used to structure a complex design project?”. Two design methods were chosen for this: the 1:10:100 approach and the Design Roadmapping methodology. The 1:10:100 approach was chosen as this is suitable for open-ended projects. I found that the 1:10:100 method was very useful to quickly determine a project scope but it lacked structure within the ‘100’ cycle. I found the midterm and green light graduation deadlines to be useful additions to further structure the iterative process. Design Roadmapping was chosen as it combines future roadmapping and design. NS was interested in creating a roadmap towards fully circular trains, whereas the Industrial Design Engineering department was interested in my skills as concept designer. The roadmap has not been finished within the timespan of this project, but this report makes good progress along the analyses steps of this method. Additionally, I felt this method helped me to keep focus on the future instead of focusing too much on current practice.

Repair and maintenance of products require few resources in a circular economy, minimising the environmental impact of manufacturing and use of products. Although lightweight lattice structures have been widely investigated in various fields owing to their advantages in terms of their mechanical characteristics and the development of additive manufacturing, research on lattice structures has focused mainly on process and design methods for structural development, and not on the repair of lattice structures. In the present study, the repairability of lattice structures was studied to extend the lifetimes of lattice-structured products; this would enable the reuse of products and induce people to directly get involved in creating a circular economy. To determine the factors to be considered for repairing lattice structures, standard specimens fabricated in the form of single undivided and adhesively bonded joint samples were fabricated by fused deposition modeling and compared under four quasi-static tests: compression, tensile, shear, and three-point bending. The octet-truss unit cell was used in the specimen with a strut diameter of 1–2.5 mm at 0.5 mm intervals and a length of 10 mm. The difference in mechanical response between the two groups was significant in the tensile and three-point bending tests, while the compressive and shear tests showed similar results. Therefore, determination of the direction of the stress imposed on the products is essential for the proper repair of the underlying lattice structures, prolonging the life cycle of the product and thus leading to a positive effect on the circular economy.

The multinational company Prysmian Group designs and manufactures power and telecom cables. At their facility in Delft, the Netherlands, sustainable design has become increasingly important driven by customer demand. This led to several improvements of their power cables, such as the use of a recyclable plastic. These improvements are technical solutions for a problem in today’s product supply chain. In this thesis research, it is investigated if the sustainable design strategy of Prysmian Group Delft could go beyond these technical product improvements. After all, in order to decouple human consumption from the consumption and pollution of natural resources, we should focus on innovating socio-technical systems, rather than single products. A field of research which aims to support designers to contribute to these system innovations is Transition Design. Different Transition Design frameworks have been developed, but using them in commercial environment proves to be challenging. Therefore, in this research, it is explored how Transition Design theory could be adapted into a design method suitable for Prysmian Group Delft. This method should support the company to change their sustainable design strategy from making incremental improvements on their products to developing product systems that contribute to system innovation.Through an iterative process, in which interviews, creative workshops and design trials were used, insights were gathered on what this design method should look like. The resulting design method, named Product System Design Method (PSDM), integrates the system approach used in Transition Design into the design process of Prysmian Group Delft. In total, six variations to Prysmian’s design process were developed which increasingly address more system elements. Simultaneously, possible designs that follow from the PSDM were developed. Six illustrative designs, each representing one of the design processes, are presented in this research. In order to be of use for Prysmian Group Delft, it was argued that the PSDM should result in designs that do not only contribute to system innovation but also create value for Prysmian Group Delft. Therefore, the six illustrative designs were qualitatively analysed on to what extent the designs meet this requirement. This evaluation shows the designs that included more system elements do create more long-term benefits for Prysmian Group and make a bigger contribution to system innovation. However, their implementation also requires more changes at Prysmian Group Delft. Overall, it was concluded that the PSDM and the developed illustrative product system designs are a first step in the integration of system thinking into the design strategy of Prysmian Group Delft. However, given the current business strategy of Prysmian Group, the implementation of the PSDM and the illustrative product system designs is currently not expected.

Dyneema® fiber is a high-performance fiber that is sold by DSM Dyneema BV to product producers all around the world. Dyneema® fiber is marketed as the world strongest synthetic fiber, its high strength for its weight provides value over competing materials. Dyneema® fiber products include ropes and netting for commercial marine and armor plates for life protection. DSM is moving towards a sustainable and circular corporate strategy. This graduation assignment is to investigate possibilities for DSM Dyneema BV to make the transition towards the circular economy with Dyneema® fiber.
Theory of the circular economy was used to create a framework for the circular possibilities. The Dyneema® fiber itself was analyzed. Where is was discovered that circularity is complex due to the significant value loss during conventional recycling processes. Reuse and remanufacturing of End-of-Use Dyneema® was chosen as the most interesting circular direction for Dyneema® fiber for the extension of lifetime of the fiber.
It was chosen to analyze the Dyneema® Commercial marine market as the source of End-of-Use material. This market was chosen because of market size and type of products. Stakeholders and the business models of DSM Dyneema BV and a Dyneema® customer were analyzed. From these analyses it was learned that the possible circular value chains depend on the specific market or application where the End-of-Use Dyneema® will be used in. From an analysis on the competitors of Dyneema® fiber it was learned that other high-performance fibers are being recycled, although not with high quality. The competitors still face the same challenges as DSM Dyneema BV.
The End-of-Use material from the commercial marine market was analyzed by experiments. Two End-of-Use ropes were taken apart to see what value was left in the material and with prototyping possible ways of value recovery were explored.
A list of criteria for finding an application for a design case was set up. The list of criteria was to find, evaluate and choose an application to analyze further in the form of a design case. Seaweed farming was chosen as the application to investigate further.
Seaweed farming is an upcoming technology that could provide society with healthy food and energy and play a role in the conservation of the environment. Seaweed is grown on lines that lie underwater in the sea. Possibilities of using End-of-Use Dyneema® were analyzed in the design case and it was found that, the design of the farm should be adapted to the material to make optimal use of the End-of-Use material. A re-design was made that showed that End-of-Use Dyneema® is an interesting opportunity. The use of End-of-Use Dyneema® in seaweed farming comes with both opportunities and barriers that need further investigation. Because of the environmental and circular benefit of the seaweed farming market. Further investigation in the use of End-of-Use Dyneema® in seaweed farming is recommended.
From the design case it was learned that there are feasible opportunities for reusing End-of-Use Dyneema® to extend the lifetime of the fiber. Further research will be required to look for possible ways to produce the ropes with the intention to reuse them after the first product life cycle.