SB
S. Bandyopadhyay
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6 records found
1
Master thesis
(2019)
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Mart Huijbregts, Pavol Bauer, Laura Ramirez Elizondo, Milos Cvetkovic, Soumya Bandyopadhyay
With the increase in home energy consumption due to the electrification of house heating and charging of electric vehicles (EVs), the self-sufficiency and reduced impact on the utility grid from a house has become a more exciting topic. In combination with the price decrease for lithium-ion batteries the potential for storing PV generated energy in batteries has become more beneficial. However, the price for batteries is still a large part of the total investment of a PV system with home battery. Correct sizing of the home battery and PV installation is essential to reduce investment costs and as a result a decrease in payback time. Besides the correct sizing of the home battery and PV installation, these two parameters are also influenced when using an EV in the energy management system of the house. EVs have large batteries (thirty to hundred kWh) to give the EVs an extented driving range. The average EV owner does not use the full capacity of the battery on a regular day. The unused capacity of an EV battery has the potential to reduce the home battery capacity when used as a storage facility. To reduce the impact of the upcoming changes in house consumption, this thesis investigates load shifting in combination with a charged EV as addition to the house with integrated PV and battery. The results show that a charged EV can have a positive contribution to a house on grid energy autonomy, peak shaving capability and electricity cost. In combination with load shifting the benefits are further increased.
...
With the increase in home energy consumption due to the electrification of house heating and charging of electric vehicles (EVs), the self-sufficiency and reduced impact on the utility grid from a house has become a more exciting topic. In combination with the price decrease for lithium-ion batteries the potential for storing PV generated energy in batteries has become more beneficial. However, the price for batteries is still a large part of the total investment of a PV system with home battery. Correct sizing of the home battery and PV installation is essential to reduce investment costs and as a result a decrease in payback time. Besides the correct sizing of the home battery and PV installation, these two parameters are also influenced when using an EV in the energy management system of the house. EVs have large batteries (thirty to hundred kWh) to give the EVs an extented driving range. The average EV owner does not use the full capacity of the battery on a regular day. The unused capacity of an EV battery has the potential to reduce the home battery capacity when used as a storage facility. To reduce the impact of the upcoming changes in house consumption, this thesis investigates load shifting in combination with a charged EV as addition to the house with integrated PV and battery. The results show that a charged EV can have a positive contribution to a house on grid energy autonomy, peak shaving capability and electricity cost. In combination with load shifting the benefits are further increased.
In modern society the increasing energy demand, the depletion of fossil fuels, and the environmental polution which comes with it, are one of the biggest global problems. Therefore the transition towards a renewable transport and energy system is becoming more and more important. Electric vehicles are a big part of this transition and therefor the use of them should be promoted. However drawbacks such as operating range and charging time are obstacles for this transition. To help in this transition wireless charging has been investigated in recent years.
In this thesis the design and implementation of a misalignment tolerant control scheme for a bidirectional inductive power transfer is discussed. This control scheme allows the transformer coils to be misalignment while ensuring that the maximum power transfer efficiency of the inductive link is tracked. To do this the resonance frequency of the primary or secondary current is tracked. Furthermore two dc/dc converters are used before the inverter and after the rectifier, here one is used for controlling the power while the other is tracking the maximum power transfer efficiency point (MEPT). In order to calculate this MEPT, the coupling of the transformer coils is calculated using the primary (or secondary, depending on the direction of power) dc link currents and voltages.
The first part of thesis is a literature review including an investigation of the dynamics of a series-series resonant tank, part of this analysis is about the bifurcation phenomena. Since for control purposes it is important to determine the conditions for bifurcation free operation and the effects of bifurcation. Next, the best control scheme for controlling the output power is discussed and finally the proposed misalignment tolerant control scheme is proposed including how to estimate the transformer coupling and how to track the resonance frequency. It was found that using the MEPT control scheme bifurcation is always avoided.
The second part of this thesis about the dynamic modelling and the design of the controllers. This dynamic model is comprised out of three different models, two of which are the dc/dc converters and one is the inductive link (specified from inverter input to rectifier output). These models are then combined in order to get the frequency response of the entire system. Based on this model the voltage controllers are designed.
The third and final part of this thesis is about the practical implementation of the needed hardware en the results obtained using the MEPT control scheme. In the end an improvement in efficiency of 5\% was achieved at optimal alignment, up to 23\% increase under 8 cm misalignment. The total system efficiency at optimal alignment was 80\%. ...
In this thesis the design and implementation of a misalignment tolerant control scheme for a bidirectional inductive power transfer is discussed. This control scheme allows the transformer coils to be misalignment while ensuring that the maximum power transfer efficiency of the inductive link is tracked. To do this the resonance frequency of the primary or secondary current is tracked. Furthermore two dc/dc converters are used before the inverter and after the rectifier, here one is used for controlling the power while the other is tracking the maximum power transfer efficiency point (MEPT). In order to calculate this MEPT, the coupling of the transformer coils is calculated using the primary (or secondary, depending on the direction of power) dc link currents and voltages.
The first part of thesis is a literature review including an investigation of the dynamics of a series-series resonant tank, part of this analysis is about the bifurcation phenomena. Since for control purposes it is important to determine the conditions for bifurcation free operation and the effects of bifurcation. Next, the best control scheme for controlling the output power is discussed and finally the proposed misalignment tolerant control scheme is proposed including how to estimate the transformer coupling and how to track the resonance frequency. It was found that using the MEPT control scheme bifurcation is always avoided.
The second part of this thesis about the dynamic modelling and the design of the controllers. This dynamic model is comprised out of three different models, two of which are the dc/dc converters and one is the inductive link (specified from inverter input to rectifier output). These models are then combined in order to get the frequency response of the entire system. Based on this model the voltage controllers are designed.
The third and final part of this thesis is about the practical implementation of the needed hardware en the results obtained using the MEPT control scheme. In the end an improvement in efficiency of 5\% was achieved at optimal alignment, up to 23\% increase under 8 cm misalignment. The total system efficiency at optimal alignment was 80\%. ...
In modern society the increasing energy demand, the depletion of fossil fuels, and the environmental polution which comes with it, are one of the biggest global problems. Therefore the transition towards a renewable transport and energy system is becoming more and more important. Electric vehicles are a big part of this transition and therefor the use of them should be promoted. However drawbacks such as operating range and charging time are obstacles for this transition. To help in this transition wireless charging has been investigated in recent years.
In this thesis the design and implementation of a misalignment tolerant control scheme for a bidirectional inductive power transfer is discussed. This control scheme allows the transformer coils to be misalignment while ensuring that the maximum power transfer efficiency of the inductive link is tracked. To do this the resonance frequency of the primary or secondary current is tracked. Furthermore two dc/dc converters are used before the inverter and after the rectifier, here one is used for controlling the power while the other is tracking the maximum power transfer efficiency point (MEPT). In order to calculate this MEPT, the coupling of the transformer coils is calculated using the primary (or secondary, depending on the direction of power) dc link currents and voltages.
The first part of thesis is a literature review including an investigation of the dynamics of a series-series resonant tank, part of this analysis is about the bifurcation phenomena. Since for control purposes it is important to determine the conditions for bifurcation free operation and the effects of bifurcation. Next, the best control scheme for controlling the output power is discussed and finally the proposed misalignment tolerant control scheme is proposed including how to estimate the transformer coupling and how to track the resonance frequency. It was found that using the MEPT control scheme bifurcation is always avoided.
The second part of this thesis about the dynamic modelling and the design of the controllers. This dynamic model is comprised out of three different models, two of which are the dc/dc converters and one is the inductive link (specified from inverter input to rectifier output). These models are then combined in order to get the frequency response of the entire system. Based on this model the voltage controllers are designed.
The third and final part of this thesis is about the practical implementation of the needed hardware en the results obtained using the MEPT control scheme. In the end an improvement in efficiency of 5\% was achieved at optimal alignment, up to 23\% increase under 8 cm misalignment. The total system efficiency at optimal alignment was 80\%.
In this thesis the design and implementation of a misalignment tolerant control scheme for a bidirectional inductive power transfer is discussed. This control scheme allows the transformer coils to be misalignment while ensuring that the maximum power transfer efficiency of the inductive link is tracked. To do this the resonance frequency of the primary or secondary current is tracked. Furthermore two dc/dc converters are used before the inverter and after the rectifier, here one is used for controlling the power while the other is tracking the maximum power transfer efficiency point (MEPT). In order to calculate this MEPT, the coupling of the transformer coils is calculated using the primary (or secondary, depending on the direction of power) dc link currents and voltages.
The first part of thesis is a literature review including an investigation of the dynamics of a series-series resonant tank, part of this analysis is about the bifurcation phenomena. Since for control purposes it is important to determine the conditions for bifurcation free operation and the effects of bifurcation. Next, the best control scheme for controlling the output power is discussed and finally the proposed misalignment tolerant control scheme is proposed including how to estimate the transformer coupling and how to track the resonance frequency. It was found that using the MEPT control scheme bifurcation is always avoided.
The second part of this thesis about the dynamic modelling and the design of the controllers. This dynamic model is comprised out of three different models, two of which are the dc/dc converters and one is the inductive link (specified from inverter input to rectifier output). These models are then combined in order to get the frequency response of the entire system. Based on this model the voltage controllers are designed.
The third and final part of this thesis is about the practical implementation of the needed hardware en the results obtained using the MEPT control scheme. In the end an improvement in efficiency of 5\% was achieved at optimal alignment, up to 23\% increase under 8 cm misalignment. The total system efficiency at optimal alignment was 80\%.
The battle between the alternating current(AC) and direct current(DC) can be traced back to the late 19th century. Apparently, it ended up with the victory of AC. However, the growing use of the renewable energy sources that mostly are DC supplier, and the advancement of power electronics lead to the reconsideration of using DC power by public in these decades. In the residential sector, which is a highly energy consuming sector, an increasing number of home appliances operate with DC internally. By installing DC residential system, it not only removes the AC/DC conversion stage by the load side, but also offers the potential to use DC directly from the locally installed renewable energy sources without the requirement of the inverter stage. Therefore, the potential benefits from altering traditional AC residential system to DC version and the impact of the sizing of the renewable energy sources on the performance of the residential systems are of interest.
The main objective of this study is comparing the AC and DC residential system with the varying levels of the penetration of the PV and battery storage. Starting from the overview of the original AC and adopted DC residential system with the presence of the PV and battery storage, the main difference between AC and DC system architecture is investigated. Then, the various components such as converters, cables, PV and battery storage system in the residential system are modeled. Based on the modelling, a power management strategy is propsed. By using the load profile and local solar irradiance as the input, the energetic evaluation of both the AC and DC residential system regarding the system losses and energy saving is analyzed with the varying PV and battery storage size. Furthermore, an economic analysis is carried out by considering the electricity tariff, feed-in tariff and investment costs of PV and battery storage system. ...
The main objective of this study is comparing the AC and DC residential system with the varying levels of the penetration of the PV and battery storage. Starting from the overview of the original AC and adopted DC residential system with the presence of the PV and battery storage, the main difference between AC and DC system architecture is investigated. Then, the various components such as converters, cables, PV and battery storage system in the residential system are modeled. Based on the modelling, a power management strategy is propsed. By using the load profile and local solar irradiance as the input, the energetic evaluation of both the AC and DC residential system regarding the system losses and energy saving is analyzed with the varying PV and battery storage size. Furthermore, an economic analysis is carried out by considering the electricity tariff, feed-in tariff and investment costs of PV and battery storage system. ...
The battle between the alternating current(AC) and direct current(DC) can be traced back to the late 19th century. Apparently, it ended up with the victory of AC. However, the growing use of the renewable energy sources that mostly are DC supplier, and the advancement of power electronics lead to the reconsideration of using DC power by public in these decades. In the residential sector, which is a highly energy consuming sector, an increasing number of home appliances operate with DC internally. By installing DC residential system, it not only removes the AC/DC conversion stage by the load side, but also offers the potential to use DC directly from the locally installed renewable energy sources without the requirement of the inverter stage. Therefore, the potential benefits from altering traditional AC residential system to DC version and the impact of the sizing of the renewable energy sources on the performance of the residential systems are of interest.
The main objective of this study is comparing the AC and DC residential system with the varying levels of the penetration of the PV and battery storage. Starting from the overview of the original AC and adopted DC residential system with the presence of the PV and battery storage, the main difference between AC and DC system architecture is investigated. Then, the various components such as converters, cables, PV and battery storage system in the residential system are modeled. Based on the modelling, a power management strategy is propsed. By using the load profile and local solar irradiance as the input, the energetic evaluation of both the AC and DC residential system regarding the system losses and energy saving is analyzed with the varying PV and battery storage size. Furthermore, an economic analysis is carried out by considering the electricity tariff, feed-in tariff and investment costs of PV and battery storage system.
The main objective of this study is comparing the AC and DC residential system with the varying levels of the penetration of the PV and battery storage. Starting from the overview of the original AC and adopted DC residential system with the presence of the PV and battery storage, the main difference between AC and DC system architecture is investigated. Then, the various components such as converters, cables, PV and battery storage system in the residential system are modeled. Based on the modelling, a power management strategy is propsed. By using the load profile and local solar irradiance as the input, the energetic evaluation of both the AC and DC residential system regarding the system losses and energy saving is analyzed with the varying PV and battery storage size. Furthermore, an economic analysis is carried out by considering the electricity tariff, feed-in tariff and investment costs of PV and battery storage system.
Master thesis
(2017)
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Dimitris Tsorvas, Pavol Bauer, Soumya Bandyopadhyay, Rolf van der Wal, Vijay Vasan, J. Dong, J.L. Rueda Torres
Internet of Things (IoT) encloses the utilization of sensors, actuators and data communication technologies embedded into physical devices enabling them to be tracked, coordinated or controlled over the Internet. Medical IoT refers to the vision where several wearables, sensors and actuators are scattered inside medical facilities and can interact with every other object, system or person over the cloud. This interactive network of things targeted for medical applications, is expected to generate market opportunities for patients and businesses by offering real time patient data and remote patient monitoring. The integration of this technology depends on autonomous operation of the modules and sustainable powering of these devices which has proven to be one of its most challenging aspects.
Harvesting energy from renewable sources such as wind and solar, besides vibration and heat have been examined closely by research community over the past years. However, the limitations of these sources inside buildings, where solar and wind energy are not always sufficient, shifted the scientific and commercial focus to Wireless Power Transmission. This technology, despite its challenging nature, is becoming very popular because it overcomes the lack of different power sources inside buildings and provides user friendly powering method for battery-less sensor modules.
This thesis aims to investigate various antenna-rectifier topologies, also known as rectennas, and analyze the challenges that arise when harvesting low levels of radio frequency (RF) power. The initial part of this project focuses on the components that constitute a basic RF energy harvester. A system like this consists of an antenna which captures a fraction of the transmitted signal, attached to a rectifier which converts the RF signal into DC power. The development of analytical models and conducted lab measurements will identify the behavior of the rectifying circuit. In order to maximize the power transferred between the antenna and the rectifier, a matching infrastructure is necessary. Harvesting topologies with commercially available components and a matching network will be designed and manufactured along with custom antenna designs that match directly the input impedance of the rectifier. These novice antenna configurations decrease the size and cost of the system as well as improve the power conversion efficiency. Additionally, a power management integrated circuit will be introduced right after the rectifier to buffer the harvested DC power and provide protection for the sensor. Finally, this thesis culminates with a detailed presentation of the conducted total system experiments and future research possibilities. ...
Harvesting energy from renewable sources such as wind and solar, besides vibration and heat have been examined closely by research community over the past years. However, the limitations of these sources inside buildings, where solar and wind energy are not always sufficient, shifted the scientific and commercial focus to Wireless Power Transmission. This technology, despite its challenging nature, is becoming very popular because it overcomes the lack of different power sources inside buildings and provides user friendly powering method for battery-less sensor modules.
This thesis aims to investigate various antenna-rectifier topologies, also known as rectennas, and analyze the challenges that arise when harvesting low levels of radio frequency (RF) power. The initial part of this project focuses on the components that constitute a basic RF energy harvester. A system like this consists of an antenna which captures a fraction of the transmitted signal, attached to a rectifier which converts the RF signal into DC power. The development of analytical models and conducted lab measurements will identify the behavior of the rectifying circuit. In order to maximize the power transferred between the antenna and the rectifier, a matching infrastructure is necessary. Harvesting topologies with commercially available components and a matching network will be designed and manufactured along with custom antenna designs that match directly the input impedance of the rectifier. These novice antenna configurations decrease the size and cost of the system as well as improve the power conversion efficiency. Additionally, a power management integrated circuit will be introduced right after the rectifier to buffer the harvested DC power and provide protection for the sensor. Finally, this thesis culminates with a detailed presentation of the conducted total system experiments and future research possibilities. ...
Internet of Things (IoT) encloses the utilization of sensors, actuators and data communication technologies embedded into physical devices enabling them to be tracked, coordinated or controlled over the Internet. Medical IoT refers to the vision where several wearables, sensors and actuators are scattered inside medical facilities and can interact with every other object, system or person over the cloud. This interactive network of things targeted for medical applications, is expected to generate market opportunities for patients and businesses by offering real time patient data and remote patient monitoring. The integration of this technology depends on autonomous operation of the modules and sustainable powering of these devices which has proven to be one of its most challenging aspects.
Harvesting energy from renewable sources such as wind and solar, besides vibration and heat have been examined closely by research community over the past years. However, the limitations of these sources inside buildings, where solar and wind energy are not always sufficient, shifted the scientific and commercial focus to Wireless Power Transmission. This technology, despite its challenging nature, is becoming very popular because it overcomes the lack of different power sources inside buildings and provides user friendly powering method for battery-less sensor modules.
This thesis aims to investigate various antenna-rectifier topologies, also known as rectennas, and analyze the challenges that arise when harvesting low levels of radio frequency (RF) power. The initial part of this project focuses on the components that constitute a basic RF energy harvester. A system like this consists of an antenna which captures a fraction of the transmitted signal, attached to a rectifier which converts the RF signal into DC power. The development of analytical models and conducted lab measurements will identify the behavior of the rectifying circuit. In order to maximize the power transferred between the antenna and the rectifier, a matching infrastructure is necessary. Harvesting topologies with commercially available components and a matching network will be designed and manufactured along with custom antenna designs that match directly the input impedance of the rectifier. These novice antenna configurations decrease the size and cost of the system as well as improve the power conversion efficiency. Additionally, a power management integrated circuit will be introduced right after the rectifier to buffer the harvested DC power and provide protection for the sensor. Finally, this thesis culminates with a detailed presentation of the conducted total system experiments and future research possibilities.
Harvesting energy from renewable sources such as wind and solar, besides vibration and heat have been examined closely by research community over the past years. However, the limitations of these sources inside buildings, where solar and wind energy are not always sufficient, shifted the scientific and commercial focus to Wireless Power Transmission. This technology, despite its challenging nature, is becoming very popular because it overcomes the lack of different power sources inside buildings and provides user friendly powering method for battery-less sensor modules.
This thesis aims to investigate various antenna-rectifier topologies, also known as rectennas, and analyze the challenges that arise when harvesting low levels of radio frequency (RF) power. The initial part of this project focuses on the components that constitute a basic RF energy harvester. A system like this consists of an antenna which captures a fraction of the transmitted signal, attached to a rectifier which converts the RF signal into DC power. The development of analytical models and conducted lab measurements will identify the behavior of the rectifying circuit. In order to maximize the power transferred between the antenna and the rectifier, a matching infrastructure is necessary. Harvesting topologies with commercially available components and a matching network will be designed and manufactured along with custom antenna designs that match directly the input impedance of the rectifier. These novice antenna configurations decrease the size and cost of the system as well as improve the power conversion efficiency. Additionally, a power management integrated circuit will be introduced right after the rectifier to buffer the harvested DC power and provide protection for the sensor. Finally, this thesis culminates with a detailed presentation of the conducted total system experiments and future research possibilities.
Misalignment Tolerant Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) Systems
WP-1: Sensing and wireless communication
This Document contains a detailed technical report on the design and test of a system that performs data acquisition and wireless communication. The system is specifically designed for an Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) charging system consisting of two control systems implemented in order to achieve maximum efficiency. One on the primary side of the charging system, and one on the secondary side. The data acquisition system is designed to measure high voltage and current for the secondary control system, and the wireless communication system is designed to calculate and transmit the set-point for the primary control system. The design includes a selection of components for each subsystem, as well as circuits and block diagrams for the implementation. A derivation of the set-point for the primary controller is also included. The system is designed for an MCU and the modules are tested using an experimental prototype.
...
This Document contains a detailed technical report on the design and test of a system that performs data acquisition and wireless communication. The system is specifically designed for an Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) charging system consisting of two control systems implemented in order to achieve maximum efficiency. One on the primary side of the charging system, and one on the secondary side. The data acquisition system is designed to measure high voltage and current for the secondary control system, and the wireless communication system is designed to calculate and transmit the set-point for the primary control system. The design includes a selection of components for each subsystem, as well as circuits and block diagrams for the implementation. A derivation of the set-point for the primary controller is also included. The system is designed for an MCU and the modules are tested using an experimental prototype.
Misalignment Tolerant Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) Systems
System analysis and controller design
This report contains the design and implementation of two control systems related to an inductive power transfer system. This IPT system charges a battery at maximumefficiency and constant power using a buck converter. A linear controller has been designed around the buck converter and implemented on a FPGA tomatch impedance for maximum efficiency. A second controller has been designed at the inverter to implement charging at constant power. The control signals for the inverter at the primary side and the PWM generator for the buck converter are also implemented on a FPGA and tested. The control systems have only been simulated.
...
This report contains the design and implementation of two control systems related to an inductive power transfer system. This IPT system charges a battery at maximumefficiency and constant power using a buck converter. A linear controller has been designed around the buck converter and implemented on a FPGA tomatch impedance for maximum efficiency. A second controller has been designed at the inverter to implement charging at constant power. The control signals for the inverter at the primary side and the PWM generator for the buck converter are also implemented on a FPGA and tested. The control systems have only been simulated.