Singlet and triplet Cooper pair splitting in hybrid superconducting nanowires
Guanzhong Wang (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QRD/Kouwenhoven Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Tom Dvir (TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QRD/Kouwenhoven Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Grzegorz P. Mazur (TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QRD/Kouwenhoven Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - BUS/Quantum Delft)
Chun Xiao Liu (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Nick van Loo (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QRD/Kouwenhoven Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Sebastiaan L.D. ten Haaf (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QRD/Goswami Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Alberto Bordin (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QRD/Kouwenhoven Lab, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre)
Sasa Gazibegovic (Eindhoven University of Technology)
Ghada Badawy (Eindhoven University of Technology)
Erik P.A.M. Bakkers (Eindhoven University of Technology)
Michael Wimmer (TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QN/Wimmer Group)
Leo P. Kouwenhoven (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, TU Delft - QuTech Advanced Research Centre, TU Delft - QN/Kouwenhoven Lab)
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Abstract
In most naturally occurring superconductors, electrons with opposite spins form Cooper pairs. This includes both conventional s-wave superconductors such as aluminium, as well as high-transition-temperature, d-wave superconductors. Materials with intrinsic p-wave superconductivity, hosting Cooper pairs made of equal-spin electrons, have not been conclusively identified, nor synthesized, despite promising progress1–3. Instead, engineered platforms where s-wave superconductors are brought into contact with magnetic materials have shown convincing signatures of equal-spin pairing4–6. Here we directly measure equal-spin pairing between spin-polarized quantum dots. This pairing is proximity-induced from an s-wave superconductor into a semiconducting nanowire with strong spin–orbit interaction. We demonstrate such pairing by showing that breaking a Cooper pair can result in two electrons with equal spin polarization. Our results demonstrate controllable detection of singlet and triplet pairing between the quantum dots. Achieving such triplet pairing in a sequence of quantum dots will be required for realizing an artificial Kitaev chain7–9.