Within my graduation project I am investigating the drivers of change which have resulted in Urbanisation of the Himalayas. Seasonal activities such as pilgrimage, tourism, militarisation and hydropower production have rapidly altered the Himalayan Ecology as well as the socio-cultural landscape and its regional economies. To support these activities, large scale Critical Processes such as Infrastructural Development and Resource Extraction have been operationalised amidst the vulnerable Himalayan Geography has resulted in a state of Accumulation, . The existing model of urbanisation and anthropogenic appropriation of the Himalayas is transforming the region into a Global Hinterland and it will only amplify the degree of risk as well as the frequency of disasters in the region. This calls for a pedagogical shift in the model of urbanisation and the spatial logic of developing and maintaining infrastructures within the vulnerable Himalayan Landscape.Thus, this project hypothesises an alternative approach of Spatio-Temporal Synchronicity which synergises the various ephemeralities within the critical processes in the region, through the agency of Spatial Design. A series of strategic operations are undertaken to synchronise the ephemeral processes within the material geographies of their context by adding, repurposing or removing infrastructures to serve a certain program during a certain time period which are further recycled and displaced to a new site to cater to a new process/program. Thus, the existing practice of accumulating infrastructures is acted upon by a set of Reductive operations which follow a Spatio-temporal program.The region encompassing Alaknanda and Niti Valleys and the subsiding town of Joshimath, situated on their intersection, is chosen as a paradigmatic area to investigate and test this hypothesis through the research by design approach. Methods such as literature review, critical cartographies, field visit, interviews are employed to analyse the context which is followed by an adaptive cross-scalar strategic framework. It proposes a set of spatio-temporal operations that are manifested in the form of design experiments which try to spatialise and project development along the lines of Spatio-Temporal Synchronicity.

This research explores the spatial implications of climate change and sea level rise on the Dutch Delta’s productive landscapes, focusing on integrating spatial design and water management within a risk framework. The transition from adaptive planning to planned adaptation is highlighted as crucial for addressing the unpredictability of climate change impacts, advocating for a shift in strategy from a reactive to a proactive approach in delta management.
Design experiments play a central role in this research, employing critical cartography and sectional drawings as tools to analyse and synthesise localised adaptation strategies to the vulnerabilities posed by sea level rise. These design tools facilitate the exploration of innovative spatial responses that accommodate climatic uncertainties, contributing to the resilience and sustainability of the landscapes.
Designing with uncertainties underpins the research methodology, embracing the unpredictability of future climate conditions as a foundation for developing adaptive spatial strategies. This approach entails a paradigm shift towards accommodation and planned adaptation, emphasising the need for flexible, integrated planning that can evolve over time. The research underscores the potential of nature-based solutions to synergise productive and protective systems, enhancing ecological, social, and economic resilience in the face of climate change and sea level rise.
Through a combination of theoretical frameworks and design experiments, the research presents a forward-thinking vision for the Dutch Delta. It proposes a methodological approach to landscape and urban planning that navigates the complexities of climate adaptation, demonstrating how productive landscapes can be reimagined to thrive in an uncertain future.

The current food production and distribution system has led to extensive degradation on both the global and local scale, requiring a transformation of the vast, urbanized rural - beyond just climate-change mitigation but radical regeneration.
The ongoing intensive agricultural practices have contaminated air, soil, and water, while their market- driven character disallows the emergence of locality and circularity, exploiting workers and small-scale farmers, and disrupting the social welfare of the countryside. This system is analysed through the lenses of ecology, economy, and society, highlighting the problematic character of the Lowlands of North-West Europe, due to the immense sprawl of degenerative agriculture practices, as well as the small and fragmented network of ecosystem-valuable spaces.
Following the most urgent climate-change scenario from the IPCC report, we will attempt the transition from a degenerative system towards a regenerative one, based on the pillars of ecosystem restoration, ensuring food security through sustainable means, and the shift towards regenerative agriculture practices. Concerns about spatial justice permeate all pillars horizontally, to ensure the socio- spatial regeneration of the countryside.
To transition towards our vision, the strategy is approached through a series of interconnected key projects. The formation of a pan-European network of tree nurseries ensures the necessary capital of seedlings for reforestation and agroforestry practices, while a trans-border policy zone can integrate conservation and agriculture, enhancing the connectivity between ecosystems. The greenhouse zone of Westland is experimented upon, aiming towards the development of a replicable model of sustainably intensive food production model. These strategic interventions are underlined by a policy framework, stressing the liveability of the Lowlands for all rural dwellers, farmers, and workers, through access to services, education, and housing. Through this experimentation we hope to have highlighted that the examination of the countryside needs to be intrinsically tied to any effort of envisioning a future of climate- change mitigation and socio-ecological regeneration.