This thesis investigates the intersection of spatial justice, autonomy, and radical imaginaries within the Westland agro-industrial greenhouse cluster in the Netherlands. As a global hub of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA), the region is celebrated for its innovation and productivity in addressing food security amid rapid urbanization and ecological crises. However, its productivity masks urgent socio-environmental challenges that are proliferated by the spatial configuration, including fossil fuel dependency, complex supply global chains, precarious migrant labour, and increasing automation, making the cluster vulnerable to systemic disruptions.

Combining socio-spatial and historical analysis, the work interrogates the region's socio-technical lock-in and its dialectical relationship with spatial injustices. Through interviews, media- and literature review, and scenario thinking, the study identifies and assesses "radical imaginaries"—alternative future visions for agriculture in Westland grounded in ecologism, autonomy, and commons-based values. The findings suggest that the socio-spatial and material practices associated with these imaginaries support spatial justice and autonomy. Drawing on this, the thesis presents policy recommendations for increasing spatial justice, including an inclusive participatory planning approach for the Westland municipality. Next to this, a speculative spatial project integrates insights from the researched imaginaries, commons-theory and agro-ecology to formulate a reconfiguration of the socio-spatial logic that allows for a diversity of nature-inclusive food landscape typologies.

Ultimately, the thesis contributes to the discourse on post-industrial agricultural futures, offering insights into the role of design as a mediator between nature and culture. Besides, by politicising spatial planning and design, the research contributes to a body of work advocating for democratic, resilient, and ecologically balanced agri-food systems.

Engagement with the city in provincial Russia is currently lacking a framework of care for the historical urban fabric. Listed buildings decay with no revitalisation plans made by the municipality or the citizenry. On the other hand, theatre in modern-day Russia is an acknowledged political entity – a pocket of free(er) thinking and civil engagement. This research studies the historical trends in theatre to define the spatial qualities of audience engagement. The goal is to harness such qualities and apply them to a dilapidated building in Rostov-on-Don, reconnecting it with the city and the citizens, and hopefully begin a revival process all over the historic city centre.

By exploring the intersection between post-war ruins and the city of Den Helder, history and memory, this project will examine the potential of post-war ruins in dealing with the fading history and memory of the past. Based on Pierre Nora's concept of sites of memory (lieux de mémoire), with the landscape biography study of Den Helder’s defence line, the research proposes that Atlantic wall ruins, as carriers of history, can become new sites of memory in Den Helder. The design outcome will elaborate a new type of modern memory: experiential memory, which is freshly generated in ruins, based on people's understanding of history, direct experience and spontaneous reflection and subjective imagination.
Based on the notion of landscape palimpsest, Alois Rieg's definition of monument values and case studies related to post-war ruins, this study proposes a design approach that starts with the qualities of ruins, that is to enhance the ruinous qualities during the decaying process and the decaying effect on the surrounding environment. The attention will be paid to the historical function and construction methods of the Atlantic wall ruins, the landscape context, current spatial characteristics, materiality and sustainability.
To sum up, this project promotes a more open attitude towards post-war ruins and accept the fact that things decay and disappear. Ruins are our direct contact with history, therefore participating in the process of decay is our direct memory of the intangible history. This project regards ruins as a process rather than just an object on a physical level. It further explores how landscape components, spatial atmosphere and public participation reveal the value of the ruins and influence the decaying process of ruins. The post-war ruins will be used as a medium to remind people to reflect on the past and look forward.

Over the past decade, within many fields, there has been growing interest in thoughts and theories from the commons. In commons theory, the conceptualisation of something as a commons, is a way in which a common resource can be protected from enclosure, overexploitation or neglect by connecting it to a community which uses, manages and (re)produces the resource in a sustainable and socially just way, creating added value for the community as well. With the commons being originally connected to landscapes and natural resources, but the way we experience, use, and value landscapes has been changing, it is relevant to explore a contemporary relation between landscape and commons, and possibly using commons theory within landscape architecture as well.
This thesis explores the role of landscape architectural design in transforming landscapes into commons, with the particular focus on landscape edges. The study is focussed on the city of Den Helder which, being surrounded by the North sea and Wadden sea, has a valuable and intriguing land-water edge. However, this landscape as a resource is under threat of enclosure and neglect since the design and occupation of this edge limits its use by both humans and non-humans.
This research provides a framework for contemporary landscape commons consisting of ‘Landscape as Commons’ and ‘Commons in the Landscape’, and defines important factors and values to create landscape commons for both human and non-human communities. From a design exploration in the Wadden sea coast of Den Helder, general principles are derived to transform landscape edges into commons for both human and non-human species.
From the combined research can be concluded that ¬the landscape architectural design predominantly works on the level of resources, and has limited influence on the components of community and social practices. Through landscape architectural design, suitable conditions can be created for human and non-human communities to experience, make use of, appropriate and manage landscape edges as commons. This provides an important starting point for the transformation of landscape edges into commons, and provides a framework that balances different landscape values that need to be considered for landscapes to operate as commons.

How to propose an alternative to the controversial development of the Belgrade Waterfront Project?

Rather than saying the current development of the Belgrade Waterfront Project is either good or bad, this project tries to deal with the infill of a large open plot within the Belgrade Waterfront Project and offers an alternative on how to do this. The age-old element of gathering in combination with the use of public space through a combination of squares serves as a main strategy that allows for diversity and opportunities. With the tools of framing and fragmentation, this empty plot on the right bank of the Sava river is transformed into a gathering place that promotes interaction and inclusivity.

This architectural design project rethinks the socialist superblocks of New Belgrade. The project location is block 26, the last unbuild block of the nine central blocks of Belgrade. The project poses an alternative neighbourhood design on the microdistrict concept while embedding it in the surroundings with a focus on bringing people together in a community.

In the middle of the picturesque quarter of Kosančićev Venac in Belgrade, a small empty crater is to be found. Once, the National Library of Belgrade stood here, but it got bombed during the second world war. Now it seems there is nothing more but some ruins of the original building. In multiple cases in Belgrade, the questions of how to deal with these scars in the urban fabric remains unsolved.

This graduation project investigates the site of the former National Libray of Serbia and how to deal with the historical continuity of its narrative. For the design of the intervention, the concept of layering will be used as a formative method. To strengthen the memorial function of the site, the intervention will serve as a place that allows for the experience of an abstraction of daily life. To achieve this, research into religious architecture is conducted.

How can we tackle the renovation of small abandoned sites within the central fabric of our cities in order to provide affordable housing ownership opportunities?
In a world where densification usually results in demolitions and gentrification and is only possible through masterplan efforts, this project proposes an alternative approach: one which respects the existing context and users, one which identity and formal implantation is site specific, but scalable and replicable through a unified construction strategy. Rather than proposing a solution to the housing crisis, the project proposes a local intervention which uses the government as a leading actor of change while simultaneously using the presence of local actors to encourage appropriation and a more bottom up densification of our cities.
This project therefore proposes a strategy combining infill and top-up strategies, using local materials and simple construction techniques. It focusses on one government owned site in the city-centre of Belgrade, while also suggesting a wider masterplan of potential action.

An investigation into the possibilities of complementing a building's formal qualities, extending beyond the mere realm of colour. Using modern programs and representation techniques to make the process transparent, systematic and adaptable.

The project proposes a bathhouse for Teraizije Terrace in Belgrade. It is not intended as a place of repose or contemplation, but as an urban void, a receptive space that listens to its users instead of speaking to them. Kenya Hara's sensibility of 'emptiness', which he calls 'whiteness', is used as a leading figure to create such a place. Because of the site conditions and group research into the Belgrade Fortress moats, stereotomy through rammed earth walls and a thickened perimeter around the bath have played a big role. Externally, a public deck is created that creates an expansive view of the multiplicity of city life, whereas internally, the focus is singular and intimate. In the end the aim is not to draw attention to the building as much as to the effect their being in a physical environment has on them.

Focusing on the renewal, regeneration, and reinvention of spaces in the historic centre of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, this study investigates the impact that public space has on the formation of social unity, based on established practices of behaviour and appropriation. Furthermore, this research was developed within a specific framework for collective public life that responds not just how people use space, but why they need such spaces to be restored.

Understanding how historical structures along with modernist urban policies are part of the dilemma led to answering questions related to social inclusiveness and the reproduction of public spaces. Stimulated by social, cultural, and urban issues, this research focused on redefining and rehabilitating transformative areas in the Casco Viejo (historic centre) to become inclusive public spaces. The intention was to develop a project that works with the in-between space – the formal and the informal – and operates as a catalyst for change through design interventions, while also becoming a guideline (toolbox) for possible future urban transformations.

Throughout humanity, we have told each other stories to explain the world around us. Stories of myths, folklore and legends, used to connect us with our physical environment, their objects, events and processes. Nowadays we mostly use scientific stories to explore our landscape.

In landscape architecture we also use scientific stories to justify our designs. But even though these stories prove an urgency and credibility for our interventions in the landscape, they sometimes have difficulty connecting with people. Kagan, et al. (2019) argues that a more imaginary approach to narrative, instead of purely scientific, would help people connect to these stories.
In this graduation project this question is explored in the city of Delft in the Netherlands through the narrative approach of myths. The three most important spatial stories in Delft are dissected using the narrative realms as posed by Potteiger and Purinton (1998). These stories are then transformed into the imaginary narrative of myths. These stories are: The story of Delft and the water. The industrial story of Delft and the royal Yeast factory. The ecological story of the urban forests and nature in Delft. These myths formed the basis for an exploration into the landscape and their design.

I found that narrative realms allowed for an approachable method of reading and writing stories in the landscape. Understanding how the story and its parts are interacting in the landscape is crucial for us as designers, because this allows us to know exactly where and what we can change of the stories in the landscape.
The imaginary narrative of myths simplifies and abstracts the elements of the story to their most essential form while still respecting the technical depth behind them. I think that myths offer great potential to be a way of communicating complex stories and meaning to the common layman.