The following project is an exploration of computational tools, parametric design and robotic fabrication in the context of the AMC hospital. This multi-functional and complex structuralist building is due for renovation, both in terms of sustainability but also innovation, technology and place-making. It was an ideal testing ground for the way these new technologies can improve the healing qualities of space, quantitatively and qualitatively (i.e thermal comfort, acoustics, light properties, vegetation, ergonomics, etc). My design consists of a parasitic intervention or pavilion within the public areas of the AMC that integrates several parameters through variable scales and porosity and can be materialized through additive manufacturing. It also displays the interesting dynamic of how non-standard architecture can enhance standard architecture. The research and methods utilized can be transferred to other fields as well, since the scripting and algorithms developed are applicable through a wide array of projects. ... Read more

Architecture has been using materials that are extremely durable, disregarding the lifespan and purpose of the structure. While this approach to materiality provides a high standard for structural stability and environmental control, it also causes a large volume of waste at the end of the life span of the building. While the material that’s been used mostly cannot be recycled, reused or biodegrade; it also forced the next structure to extract new resources from the environment. Introducing environment friendly materials and utilizing these materials efficiently in the design process is critical as the consumption of natural resources is becoming dangerously high.

Computation has been used for optimization of form and shape for decades. This research attempts to understand environmentally friendly materials, mud and bioplastics, and develop a computational design method that will implement these new materials behaviour and optimizing their use of them in the design process. ... Read more

Vacancy is and remains a serious problem in today's office landscape. Many spaces and buildings are unable to adapt to the modern knowledge economy is shifting towards. This project attempts to provide a solution for disconnected, vacant offices spaces, particularly through the integration of parametric architecture. The redevelopment of the vacant floors of the Marconitowers, situated in the Merwevierhaven in Rotterdam, is the end result of this proposal. ... Read more

The current demand for living in cities necessitates architectural designers to reflect on how this densification is to be done. Based on analysis of a current densification project in Rotterdam (Rotta Nova) different problems with current densification designs are formulated. From these problems an alternative design for inner city dwellings is suggested, using the advantages of computational design and robotic manufacturing. The first problem with current densification strategies has to do with the bounding volume of the building, which does not take into account the negative impact on its surroundings (mainly with regards to shading). Secondly, the configuration of the apartments themselves does not take into account the limited space available. Ideally, in a high-density environment we would assign as much volume to every space that it actually needs; living rooms would desirably be spacious, while bedrooms can be smaller. Thirdly, current densification designs often replace green areas within the city. This greatly worsens the urban heat island effect, especially in Rotterdam. Based on these three problems I propose an alternative densification strategy, materialized as an alternative design for the apartment building I analyzed. This densification strategy consists of three scale levels. On the macro scale level, a bounding volume is generated which ensures minimal shading impact on surrounding buildings and public spaces. On the meso scale level a generative algorithm is developed which populates this bounding volume with apartment spaces of different sizes, with exactly the dimensions they require; functional areas are minimized, while living quarters are maximized. On the micro scale level, a building system is developed using concrete 3D printing which allows the production of the resulting non-standard building. These efforts result in an alternative design on the site of Rotta Nova. On one hand, this is site specific; the bounding volume of the generative model is based on local site conditions. However, the workflows on all three scale levels are applicable in other dense urban areas as well, be it with slight modifications. ... Read more

This speculative project named “Bridging Heterotopia” is named as such because it draws from the guiding principle that is juxtaposition in real space, of many spaces together that would normally be incompatible. This principle materializes through a bridge which will be a facilitator for different cultures in Rotterdam to find a common space. In this project, the identity of Rotterdam is explored through architectural entities connected to the city’s social and economical history and a future vision is materialized into a living, changing bridge to reverse the current disintegration in the society. To illustrate the inner workings of the design, three cultures were selected. The architectural components of these cultures were then dismantled based on historical importance and current identifiable values that they represent for the members of these cultures. The ties between the common denominators of these seemingly far apart cultures, both architecturally and socio-geographically, were analyzed and represented within the continuous feedback loop between architecture and cultures of societies. The project builds upon the state-of-the-art technology that is available at the time of its conception by analysing the core principles and reflecting the plausible advancements onto the future realm of possibilities. ... Read more

To date, an unprecedented number of 65 million people around the world have been displaced. Of this, 25.4 million are refugees. In Europe, almost three million people claimed asylum in the EU between 2015 and 2016. However there has been relatively little discussion within the architectural community as to how architecture should engage with and respond to this crisis. This project envisions a possible response to this socio-political issue, particularly through the integration of parametric architecture. ... Read more

Facing to the conflict situation in Urban Village, I was trying to use the computational and parametric design method to establish the symbiotic system and to improve the quality and possibilities of the life in urban village. ... Read more

Parametric architectural design of cinema-space as an urban generator in Scheveningen harbor (The Hague). The project focuses on media facade as a responsive design element and as an interactive environment. Visual connection to the city and the surroundings as well as urban screen is implemented as a flexible, urbanic growing-on site, alternative for cinema. ... Read more

Explores the possibility of developing robotic building system and long-duration architecture solutions with the aim to re-settle post disaster environments, through digital driven design parameters, material and numeric controlled technology research and experimentation through scale models and prototypes ... Read more

Globalization and urbanization produce large amount of space, which cannot be defined as relational, or historical, or concerned with identity. This kind of non-places creates neither singular identity nor relations; only solitude and similitude, especially for those metropolises, like Shanghai. Shanghai is described as the place where eastern culture meets the western one, due to its colonial history. In the 1990s, rapid re-development and economic reforms began in Shanghai. Shanghai is one of the fastest developing cities in the world and has been described as the “showpiece” of the booming economy of mainland China. On the other hand, the structure of the society also changed subsequently. The relationship between the urban space and people need to be re-examined. The research of the graduation project starts from research’s personal life experience. Shanghai People’s square is in the center area of Shanghai, it is one of the top tourist destinations in the city and metro station of People’s square is one of the busiest interchange station. Such space used to be attractive to people due to its special historical and cultural background. But now its identity is challenged, becoming a pass-by place more than a destination. My graduation project is determined to dissolve the social and cultural alienation and to repair the relationship between people and space.

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Eventually either the oil and gas supply will be exhausted, or society will develop methods to rely completely on eco-friendly energy sources. What will then happen to the oil industry and their factories and structures? In this hypothetical situation, offshore drilling rigs, structures made of billions of euros worth of steel and concrete, will need to be repurposed. These highly sophisticated platforms and jackets resist storms, frequent waves (resonance), and salt water. These abandoned rigs provide society with the opportunity to repurpose, and even extend the site over and under water.
Humans are facing the dangerous consequences of the climate change. Especially the population of the Netherlands, which has to face rising sea levels. An undesired, nor not impossible scenario, would be the loss of livable land due to flooding. The loss of building and living area would result in drastic changes to the means of life. On the one hand, we need to research possibilities to slow down the process, and also change our way of life. However, on the other hand, we must look for concepts and design proposals to support a lifestyle with radical climate changes.

Our society, human behavior, and cities are changing due to the exponential progress of technology. How are we going to live in a future, and which role will architecture play in an augmented world? It might emerge as a balancing act between utopia and dystopia, between the total dependency and repression of the machines and the freedom to achieve more than we ever imagined. Society’s addiction to technical devices emphasizes the urgency at hand to begin to work with new technologies instead of denying the process categorically. ... Read more

The project site is located on the main street of the TU Delft campus.The building consist of adaptable and
interactive housing integrated with public and semi-public studying and working spaces. The hybrid of the
working spaces mixed together with housing was chosen due to the increased number of people working from
home and the proximity of the building site to the TU Delft Campus, which needed additional study spaces.
For this project the main goal was to minimise unusable space of the housing complex during the day and night radii of attraction towards different functions. This simulation helped to achieve an optimized layout of the
spatial arrangement within the building, based on the agents’ paths.
Parallel to the studies of the agents’ flow within the site and the building, another study was performed on the
ergonomics of the space needed for certain activities. That study helped to create optimized apartments, where
places were designed for different activities that can be carried out while walking, standing, sitting or laying
down, and with a different need for privacy.
During the design process different parametric tools and simulations were applied. This helped to achieve the
complexity within the building and interaction of the spaces, which was impossible without parametric input.
The chosen concept led to a more social and interactive environment within the building. Spaces that are used
during the day for working places and public activities will become an extension of the private apartments in the
evening when people return from work/studies. Moreover inhabitants can customise their space according to
their preferences, making it more open or private.
time. This was achieved by taking into account the movement of the people within the building, their everyday
activities, space reconfiguration and an introduction of adjustable boundaries between private, shared and
semi-public and public spaces.
The site entrances and the circulation within the site were determined after running a simulation of a swarm of 4
different classes of agents approaching the site and circulating within it between different attraction points and
repellers. Different groups of residents were studied to create these 4 classes of agents, representing visitors,
families, bachelor students, master students and researchers. Each class of agents, depending on their
everyday activities, was given a different factor of cohesion, alignment and separation. Agents also had
different speeds, view angles and tail lengths (which other agents could follow), as well as different factors and ... Read more

The concept is to design a living environment, a habitat, for immigrants, Ex-pats and refugees, who are granted asylum. This habitat is meant to be a stepping stone in their integration process, in which they learn about Dutch culture, language and prepare to be fully adopted in Dutch society.
The location of this centre is in the Europoint-towers in Rotterdam. The open floor plan and good connectivity make it a great location. The towers, which are now partially occupied to house offices, also have a growing amount of vacant space. This vacant space is believed to increase significantly in the near future, possibly resulting in the towers to be completely unused. The goal is to give a new purpose to these towers. The main purpose of the habitat is to help immigrants integrate into Dutch society. The programme will therefore include, study/meeting spaces, lecture halls and an information centre. To bring the immigrants in contact with Dutch citizens, the building is designed to stimulate and make possible interaction between them.
Because the refugees only live in the habitat for a short time (up to a year), the amounts of people living in it will constantly change. Combined with the many compositions of families, like single people or families with kids, these factors will ask for an environment that is able to adapt to the changes. Dwellings should be custom configurated to fit the spatial and functional needs of each family, while providing the right amount of privacy. ... Read more