This building focuses on living together and creating a community for the Expats in Amsterdam. By creating units that include smaller residential communities with transition zones for private-, community- and public life in the city. The building attempts to provide a stimulus for the emergence of a more tangible new community. Housing construction remains an important theme in architecture. Especially considering the current tightness in the housing market. This results in a search for densification strategies to meet the housing needs of large cities. The Expettenflats are two residential buildings on the Minervahaven in Amsterdam with a differentiated range of furnished apartments. The facade is characterized by the sleek concrete structure and the gold-bronze head of anodized aluminum elements. The deep negro attempts to give the residents a "framed view" of the harbor and the city. Within the design it was important to create a truly sustainable building with a materialization that can easily stand the test of time, while at the same time having a lifespan of at least 100 years and having the flexibility to perform multiple functions.Amsterdam is more and more becoming a city of migrants, both domestic and international. Everyone is so used to people coming and going, they are reluctant to connect. During the Dutch Housing graduation studio I designed mixed-use towers, to give the growing fluid population, predominantly the expats, a place Amsterdam society. The building tries to give the expat a face by creating a building that reveals their qualities to the Dutch population. These new planned high-rise buildings, planned on the intersection of the new urban plan and the existing business district of the Danzigkade, at the Minervahaven in Amsterdam. The building was designed with certain conceptual principles at the bases, established to reflect neighbourhood concerns and ambitions: An expat community, (the intersection lies in the heart of the city’s urban expansion and its tech and creative industries, openness and accessibility to everyone, artistic and cultural activities, small-scale retail, bold street statement, and celebrate the new industries and inhabitants. Through this possible conceptual design principles were introduced for for the development’s podium. These concepts were eventually converted into a collected form that composed of various aspects that refined the qualities of the building, the site and the possible functional interpretations. The refined concept for the podium concepts presents a combination of favoured elements for different uses, along with a proposed dwelling plan for expats in the towers. The site upon which the towers are placed is a central public square for the neighbourhood, and the building has to recognize, embrace, and celebrate that. The building took inspiration from the two streets it is connected with. The Danzigkade has low-rise and retail plinths, while intermediate streets form residential courts. The towers are respectively divided into 3 and 4 separate masses. The public floors above every six floors that create different distinct volumes within the vertical raster that create a transition between the base volume and the tower element. Topping off at approximately 95 meters, the tower’s exterior consists of an alternating pattern of solids and voids, clad in a combination of architectural metal panels and vision glass.

The master's thesis explores the possibilities of reusing abandoned post-industrial structures and objects of architectural heritage. Objects, which are usually difficult to renovate due to high costs and their poor physical condition, could be filled with new inflatable volumes and thus be filled with new space, function, and life. The work is inspired by designs from the 1960s and 70s of temporary and easily deployable inflatable installations, as well as the latest developments in soft robotics. Pneumatic structures equipped with sensors and activators would allow the creation of a responsive and interactive architecture evolving in time.

A graduation research into the topic feeling at home for the heterogeneous modern household group single-person households. This research forms the basis of a design project for Merwe-Vierhaven in Rotterdam, where the concepts of comfort, social interaction, feeling of safety and identity come together.

The city of Amsterdam grows annually with approximately 12,000 inhabitants. However, one of the problems Amsterdam encounters is the fact that the housing stock appears to be scarce. Especially for the low- and mid-income group it is very difficult to find suitable housing. The main reason why more and more people are looking for rental property in the middle segment is because this group of people do not qualify for social housing and are locked out of home ownership, due to a lack of income and savings. The mid income group is therefore large and diverse, consisting of singles, couples and families that strongly contribute to the socio-economic power of the Metropolitan region of Amsterdam. The so-called ‘Woonagenda 2025’ (Housing Agenda 2025), a framework and directional document for residential policy in Amsterdam until 2025, finds great shortages in mid-sector rental housing. Therefore the municipality of Amsterdam is committed to realizing more affordable housing for the middle class in the price range of € 710, - and € 1.100, - per month. As a result Amsterdam strives to build 20.000 new mid-sector rental homes by 2025. This new development in the mid-rent sector reduces the pressure on the housing market and increases the success rate for the middle income group. This leads to a more differentiated, attractive and undivided city of Amsterdam, in all parts of the city. Another advantage is that, moving people with middle income from the social sector to suitable middle-class sector creates opportunities for new entrants in the social housing sector. Availability of suitable living space for employees in the business sector and public sector (teachers, nursing staff, assistants, etc.) promotes the business environment and the quality of the city and is thus the basis for further economic growth. The aim of my graduation project is to develop housing for the free market rental segment with a rent between € 710 and € 1,100. The project mainly focusses on housing young professionals (people in their 20s and 30s who are employed in a profession), by designing affordable dwellings which meet the needs of mid-income households.

Families are leaving the city of Amsterdam, mainly due to a lack of safety, child friendly outdoor spaces and affordable and appropriate size housing. Yet many of them do want to stay in the city, and the city wants to maintain them too, as they are important for the whole circle of city life. The notion of ‘family’ though is rather general, and usually implies traditional families. However, the amount of ‘modern’ families, such as single parent-, co-parent- and patchwork families is growing. They have even more specific needs than traditional families, due to their often complicated household configuration. The main task of this project is to provide suitable housing for these modern families, thus housing that is: child friendly and adaptable to changing household configurations.

More and more people in the Netherlands want to live in the so-called Randstad. This results in a need for densification in Dutch cities. One of the solutions for this is building more high-rise residential buildings. High-rise buildings provide amazing views and house many people on a small plot of land. They do however, have some downsides. According to their residents, the circulation space can be impersonal and the use of the elevator can be experienced as annoying. Even though this is the place to see and meet your neighbours. It has also been proven that there is a relationship between living in a high-rise and poor mental health of children. And lastly, high-rise dwellings are often seen as a home to eventually move on from, to an owner-occupied home, which results in a lack of connection between the residents and the building. This graduation project aims to rethink the current way of living in high-rise buildings to make it more suitable for families with young children by answering the following research question: How can a high-rise residential building contribute to improving the living environment of children in cities while stimulating a sense of belonging to a high-rise community in Rotterdam? As a result of the research a set of design tools and guidelines is developed to form the base for the design process. The final result is a high-rise residential building in the centre of Rotterdam that is suitable for children of different ages and encourages social interaction to increase the sense of belonging to a high-rise community.

Ageing of the population is one of the most significant changes taking place in the population of the Netherlands, that will affect the dwelling design in the coming decades. This is also reflected by other phenomenon: together with the higher life expectancy, the quality of the lifetime deteriorates, of which the leading cause are chronic diseases. One way to stop the negative trend is to change focus from curing the effects of the disease to the prevention of the unhealthy lifestyle, that contributes to it, by implementing changes in the living environment. In the last decades we observed the rise of architecture, that values comfort, efficiency, and entertainment supported by passive technologies, which contributed to decreased human energy expenditure. One of the design strategies, that presents an approach countering this problem is active design, the goal of which is to increase the amount of daily physical activity on all levels of urban scale. These methods are best to be implemented in a vulnerable age of 45-60 (middle-aged phase), when many of the health issues manifest - introducing particular dwelling solutions for this target group could minimize health problems they face in later life. The dwelling-scale design is crucial, as it is where people spend most of their daily time. From these reflections arises my mission for the project – to find spatial characteristics of a dwelling that can improve the physical and psychological health of middle-aged inhabitants.

This speculative project named “Bridging Heterotopia” is named as such because it draws from the guiding principle that is juxtaposition in real space, of many spaces together that would normally be incompatible. This principle materializes through a bridge which will be a facilitator for different cultures in Rotterdam to find a common space. In this project, the identity of Rotterdam is explored through architectural entities connected to the city’s social and economical history and a future vision is materialized into a living, changing bridge to reverse the current disintegration in the society. To illustrate the inner workings of the design, three cultures were selected. The architectural components of these cultures were then dismantled based on historical importance and current identifiable values that they represent for the members of these cultures. The ties between the common denominators of these seemingly far apart cultures, both architecturally and socio-geographically, were analyzed and represented within the continuous feedback loop between architecture and cultures of societies. The project builds upon the state-of-the-art technology that is available at the time of its conception by analysing the core principles and reflecting the plausible advancements onto the future realm of possibilities.

The design of BIND BY WATER promotes a new way of living in which we rethink the integration of living and bathing into one building. By reimagining the bath as a shared space, the unique timbre of the project offers a space of synthesis, vulnerability, and reconciliation, where the armor of everyday life is abandoned together with one’s clothes. The project offers a wide variety of dwelling typologies for the heterogeneous group of solo dwellers (the project's target group). With the typologies containing no, limited, or an "extravagant" bathroom. The communal bathing facility on the ground floor provides a stimulating environment for spontaneous and improvisational communal exchange. Fostering community building amongst the ever-growing group of solo dwellers in which communal space becomes an imperative part of their daily routine.

The presence of creatives or the ‘creative class’ is observed to act as a stimulant for regional and local urban transformation and gentrification. Global statistics state that the creative industry serves as a major economic driving force of the twenty- first century. For Rotterdam, a global metropolis, the need for creativity grows hand in hand with its need to attract and hold talent. The necessity exists to perpetuate the creative city image and to remain competitive on the world stage. However, the lack of creative workspace and housing has become a stringent issue for Rotterdam and its creative community. By looking at the issue through a historical lens, the research establishes the insufficiency of present policies and proposes a solution in the form of physical architecture, with the goal of relieving spatial shortages and bettering the livelihoods of creatives through facilitation of interdisciplinary synergy.

Cities are attracting people increasingly because of the work opportunities, universities and wide range of facilities. It is estimated that the world population will grow up to 10 billion people by 2050 with the majority living in cities. In Europe 80% of the population will live in cities by that time (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, 2017). As more people will move into cities, the demand for food in cities will arise too. This means that somewhere else in the world natural landscapes have to be transformed into agriculture in order to feed us. Yet 73% of deforestation can be attributed to agriculture and deforestation is likely to continue with projected increases in food demand (Global Environmental Change 28). The UN report (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, 2017) estimates that 70% more food need to be produced by 2050 to feed the expected 10 billion of world population. That is equal to 1 bn tones more wheat, rice and other cereals and 200 more tones of beef and other livestock. This is a very difficult to achieve because most available farmland is already being farmed and in ways that decrease its productivity and lead to soil erosion and water wasting. The aim of this research is not to solve this unsustainable global food system, but rather to make people aware of what is going on and how our food model has been transformed through decades. This will make people aware of the big impacts the controlled food system has on the climate, their food and therefore their health and even their wallet.The aim is also to make citizens able to grow their own fruits and vegetables and not to be 100% dependent on the unsustainable world’s food system. This is indirect a great step into changing our food model. This leads to the research question of this thesis which is: How can the architecture of a residential building create an active way for people to get involved in the food system again? In order to answer this question research studies have been made, including literature studies, plan analyses and site analysis. When people who share the same interest and fascination about food awareness will live at the same residential building or in the same neighborhood, they can share their knowledge and build up an sustainable urban environment with a sustainable food system. Due to this people can relate much better to their food.

Explores the possibility of developing robotic building system and long-duration architecture solutions with the aim to re-settle post disaster environments, through digital driven design parameters, material and numeric controlled technology research and experimentation through scale models and prototypes

The number of elderly citizens in the Netherlands is growing, but there is a lack of suitable housing for this population group. Because of this, they occupy larger homes that are more suitable for families with children. Since the average age of no longer having children at home is 55 years in the Netherlands, that is the starting age for this project. A design for an elderly specific housing project in the Merwehavens in Rotterdam tries to provide a possible solution. Since there are different social and economical backgrounds there are several different types of dwellings in the building, ranging from small care units to larger multi-bedroom apartments. To still offer the smaller apartments a space for (grand)children to visit, there are also lodging rooms on each floor. The dwellings themselves are all wheelchair proof. This means that the residents do not need to move again if their physical capabilities decline with age, therefore providing a future proof dwelling for the elderly in the Netherlands. This is the next step in the housing career for the modern elderlies of the Netherlands.

Amsterdam is currently experiencing a period of significant growth, demographically as well as economically. It is becoming more international, more affluent, but also more crowded. In the process, the city's status as 'werelddorp' is changing into that of a metropolis. Such a scale change requires a rethinking of what it means to live and dwell in Amsterdam. As such, this graduation project investigates what constitutes a contemporary metropolitan living and dwelling environment, within the scope of housing design. Having defined this as a high density high-rise living environment, the design focuses on creating a high-rise building that accommodates a contemporary metropolitan lifestyle.

Since the disturbance of the civil wars from 1991-1996 a multiplicity of ruined, abandoned and contested landscapes can be found in the city of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Defining those spaces today implies not only thinking of the violent circumstances that shaped them, but also of the slow but persistent transformation caused by neglect since then. Abandonment of these spaces to the process of ruination and decay that has led to the return of non-human actors shaping them. This layering and entanglement of human and non-human actors, species and processes has resulted in the flourishing of new, unplanned and ephemeral ecosystems. This project looks at the ruin of the former University Library, with its new collection of ruderal plant life, it’s heritage value and its role in the city. The project aims to find new ways to negotiate the space for both man and nature to come together through a co-cultivation of the ruined landscape.

In the recent decades the economies became more dependent on knowledge - based activities - scientific research, technology, trade, finance. Therefore, the industries strive to be competitive in these categories on global level. In order to achieve that, they need an international recognition which also means attracting international knowledge workers (expats). Many cities try to become an urban knowledge capital by providing opportunities for the expats - carrier and urban facilities. In the Netherlands, Rotterdam is one of the most popular destinations among expats. However, finding suitable housing especially for the expat families in the city is a difficult task for the new residents. There is a lack of suitable housing for families in the city of Rotterdam which forced middle class families to move out of the city. Therefore, the project aims to solve the problem by creating a dwelling complex which meets the needs of the families and stimulates social interaction and communication.

The theme of the Dutch Housing Studio was that of the Inclusive City. So the goal was to improve the inclusivity of the modern city, Rotterdam in this case. The focus of this design project was artists. The research goes into artists and their issues, gentrification and possible strategies to solve those issues. It also delves into historical artist housing. The design itself revolves around the incorporation of those lessons from history into modern times and deals with the creation of a community of artists and art enthusiasts.

IN-FLOW deals with a context driven research into the unique ephemeral nature of a temporary pop up city in India. The site is situated in the northern city of Allahabad[now Prayagraj] at the confluence of two river, Ganga and Yamuna respectively. The site facilitates the gathering for religious festival called “The Kumbh Mela”. It is the largest public gathering in the world, drawing 150 plus million pilgrims over the course of three months. The site functions on a set of temporal cycles where the site is under water during rainy season, the city materialises during the dry period once the water subsides and after the festival is dismantled the farmers use the same plots for farming. The Thesis deals with a system where the site goes through various differential states and hence leads to flow of architecture and material structure from one state to another. This reversibility could serve as a rich case study to examine the working behind a temporary pop up city. The thesis is carried out at the Robotic Studio, with emphasis into the various robotic tools available to form a design intervention which adheres to the social and material culture of the site. The specific research question raised here is: Can Innovative tools (Robotic fabrication) further the craft of local construction principals around the site?

My graduation project (Permeable Playground) is to design a space for art that integrates Bauhaus Dessau and the new Bauhaus Museum in Dessau Station, Germany. The project begins with an analysis of the mechanisms that capture the relationship between art and the human being. And establishes assumptions about the place for 'creativity' to the new age. Based on these assumptions, this proposal will release space for the unique relationship between art and people, and incorporate them into the city to enhance the connection of Bauhaus and the new Bauhaus museum with the expansion of the experience of art. Here 'the expansion of experience in art and creation' is the principle of this project. The extended relationship between art and human means that by improving technologies, the production and distribution of art can be implemented easily. This means that the boundaries between the viewer and the artist gradually disappear, and the space for art has the direction for ordinary life besides the conventional museums. So, what is the space for 'arts' that is so close to everyday life? To find out the answer of this question, this project analyzes the architectural typology of Dessau in Germany and adopts and changes it, hoping that the space of new art is not a just object but a 'space' that can 'encounter' in the city all the time. Understanding and application of 'city' and 'type' is the core methodology of the research. Here' understanding' refers to research and 'application' refers to the domain of design. When accumulated knowledge needs to accept the new possibility, it needs reasons. The project is being carried out in the Robotic Building of the Architectural Engineering Department. This project has a premise, the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution, that is, the development of robotic technology, based on the question of what changes can be made based on the changed background. The irresistible desire for change based on new technologies will rewrite the relationship between architecture and human beings, which will gradually be accepted to the 'context' of the city. Through these aspects, this project has reflected the chance to bridge between technology and design, history and philosophy, context and diversity. Whole relationships provide ways to implement abstract or theoretical information to realization/ fabrication.

Amsterdam is like many other cities facing several problems in the coming future. For my graduation project especially two project are important. Firstly, our food system is under a lot of pressure. Worldwide we are not able to feed the global population. On a smaller scale the population of cities is growing due to urbanization. The urbanization causes difficulties to feed the urban citizens. Next to that, urbanizations also causes a growing distance between us and our food. A close relation with the food we eat is helping to understand the need for change. Secondly, due to the earlier mentioned urbanization, Amsterdam is facing a housing shortage. Especially starters do have a hard time finding a suitable place to live within the city. Starters on the housing market cannot find a place to live because of a lack of availability and affordability. Densification of the city will help solving the housing shortage and the high prices.