Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death for women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Ethiopia, where barriers such as cost, distance, and a shortage of specialists prevent effective screening. Existing visual inspection methods in local clinics often lack the reliability needed for early detection, leading to preventable deaths. To address this, we have developed an integrated, low-cost (<€200) AI-assisted cervical imaging system. The device uses a novel cross-polarisation filter on an off-the-shelf endoscope to capture glare-free, high-quality images. A removable hardware guide ensures safe, repeatable positioning, while an AI model running on a portable Raspberry Pi provides real-time sharpness feedback and diagnostic classification support to non-specialist users. This system is designed to function as a "digital endoscope," empowering local healthcare workers to perform accurate screenings without expensive equipment. By enabling a "screen-and-treat" workflow, our solution aims to decentralise care, reduce the burden on overwhelmed referral hospitals, and provide women in remote communities with immediate access to life-saving diagnostics, transforming a multi-week ordeal into a single, confident clinical encounter.

This graduation project, conducted in collaboration with BMW Motorrad and TU Delft, presents the BMW GS Proterra concept: a repairable and sustainable aluminium luggage storage system (LSS) developed for the BMW R 1300 GS Adventure. The objective is to create a concept that facilitates effortless lifespan extension through circular design strategies, while addressing the diverse needs of GS riders.

Problem
The construction of the existing aluminium GS Adventure LSS presents significant challenges with regard to disassembly, repair practices and reuse. The used connections are non-reusable rivets, making it almost impossible to replace individual components. Unfortunately, this often results in the entire LSS being replaced. This premature disposal is further driven by the desire of GS riders to maintain the ‘as new’ appearance of their motorcycles and LSS.

Research and analysis
Research into the behavior and experiences of BMW GS riders with regard to damage and repair practices revealed that most damage occurs at low speeds. Although 60% of users attempted to repair the damage themselves, barriers such as inaccessible parts and complex assembly processes prevented more widespread repair practices. Assessment methods such as Hotspot Mapping and Disassembly Mapping confirm that priority parts are difficult to access due to high-force, non-reusable connections, and that a large number of dependent actions are necessary before removal. This makes successful roadside repairs and efforts to extend the LSS’s lifespan unlikely.

Design strategy
In response, the concept of a sacrificial design was developed, involving the incorporation of features designed to absorb external impact forces. This reduces the forces that reach the core structure and minimizes its plastic deformation drastically. The sacrificial parts that absorb impact forces are designed to deform and are easily replaceable, thereby making it possible to prolonging the LSS’s lifespan and retaining value for the GS rider. Additionally, this design strategy allows visible wear and tear to be accepted as part of the product’s robust and durable narrative.

Concept
The BMW GS Proterra concept is an all-terrain aluminium LSS that demonstrates how sacrificial design can enhance durability, user engagement, and emotional attachment. The architecture of the system places vulnerable components safely inside, while positioning easily replaceable sacrificial parts externally. GS riders have the option of retaining signs of wear as evidence of their past adventures or restoring the appearance by replacing these parts. The final concept was validated using a high-fidelity aluminium prototype, confirming the ease of part replacement.

Future application
The project offers valuable insights for both BMW Motorrad and TU Delft by demonstrating how repairability and sustainable product design can align with aesthetic and functional objectives. The GS Proterra is a valuable source of inspiration for the implementation of circular design in mobility products and has the potential to influence future product development within BMW Motorrad.

Events contribute significantly to plastic pollution, largely due to the use of single-use plastic meal packaging like plates and bowls. This results in major environmental issues, as these items are discarded after a single-use. With growing awareness of sustainability and increasing regulatory pressure, more events are transitioning to reusable alternatives. One promising solution is a return system, where visitors use reusable meal packaging and return them correctly. However, in practice, visitors do not always comply, which undermines the effectiveness of the circular system.

This study addresses the question: What are effective behavioural interventions to positively encourage event visitors to use and return reusable meal packaging responsibly? Responsible use and return means handling the meal packaging with care, preventing damage and minimising waste by returning it neatly.

To answer this question, the process began with a combination of literature research, desk research, observations and interviews with experts and event attendees. Key behavioural factors influencing the issue were identified and analysed using the COM-B model, which formed the basis for an iterative design process. This led to the development of five behavioural interventions and a framework.

The interventions were tested at three pilots and achieved an average return rate of 99%, confirming their effectiveness in small-scale open events.

The behavioural interventions and the framework have been compiled into a practical guide for event organisers looking to implement a reusable meal packaging system. It provides guidelines and recommendations to promote responsible visitor behaviour. While this research focuses on small-scale open events, further studies could explore the scalability of these interventions to larger events.

Prototyping is a fundamental aspect of the design process, enabling students to explore, experiment, and refine their ideas through hands-on learning. However, in secondary education, students struggle to integrate prototyping effectively into their projects. A lack of technical skills, confidence, and experience leads to a theoretical approach to design, where making is seen as an afterthought rather than an integral part of the process.
This research investigates how prototyping can be made more accessible and engaging within the context of secondary education, specifically within the Technasium curriculum. Through literature research, interviews, surveys, and classroom experiments, the study identifies key barriers to effective prototyping and proposes solutions to enhance technical skill development and hands-on engagement. This approach is presented in a 5-pager for Technasium teachers. The 5-pager aims to help them to understand and implement this project and how to put more emphasis on prototyping in the O&O lesson.
Four student-centred solutions were developed and tested: NeXus, a tool station that tries to make it easier to start the making process. A Skill Workshop gives a structured introduction to basic building techniques. Instructional Posters, provide visual, step-by-step guidance for inspiration and independent learning. A Lo-Fi prototyping materials box lowers the threshold to start experimenting with prototypes. Additionally, a teacher-focused intervention offers advise for writing project assignments that emphasise hands-on iteration.
The findings indicate that by making prototyping more approachable and explicitly embedding it into the learning process, students become more confident, engaged, and effective in their design work and hands-on skills. The proposed solutions can help to achieve this.
This approach can be used to investigate further on how students can be motivated to develop practical skills.

In low-resource settings such as refugee camps, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. Without improved sanitation, hygiene education, and clean water access, these preventable diseases will continue to threaten public health in these areas.
The SaniSecure project was developed to address critical sanitation challenges in the Imvepi refugee settlement, where unlined pit latrines contribute to groundwater contamination, disease transmission, and environmental degradation.
The research for this project was conducted using a human-centered approach, incorporating field visits, in-depth interviews, and direct engagement with settlement inhabitants, latrine emptying groups, and sanitation experts. Through which, key challenges were identified. Most latrines were poorly maintained, often structurally compromised due to flooding and material degradation. The lack of handwashing facilities and cleaning agents further increased disease risks. Additionally, latrines were not designed for elderly or disabled individuals, creating barriers to safe and dignified sanitation. These challenges, however, presented opportunities for a new Product-Service System (PSS) that integrates a safe toilet design with an effective emptying service.
By proposing the SaniSecure System, multiple levels of complexity were tackled on product, system, & human interaction, while taking into account environmental, financial, cultural and human factors, such as renewable cooking fuel, a self-sustaining business model, and inhabitant latrine habits.
The SaniSecure Toilet was developed to directly address these issues. It features a sealed sludge container that prevents groundwater contamination, a robust and flood-resistant structure, and an inclusive design that accommodates users with mobility challenges. The introduction of the toilet resolves multiple health and environmental problems by ensuring safe containment and hygiene maintenance, while also improving user experience through better privacy, cleanliness, and security.
The SaniSecure Service complements the toilet by providing scheduled emptying, maintenance, and user education. This service, run by a trained Service Group, utilizes the Pupu Pump and motorized tricycles to ensure hygienic and efficient sludge transport. Beyond emptying, the Service Group plays a key role in educating users about WASH practices and providing access to cleaning supplies. The integration of this service ensures the long-term functionality and sustainability of the sanitation system.

To validate the SaniSecure System’s impact, a phased implementation strategy has been designed. A pilot test involving 40 toilets will be conducted, allowing for real-world evaluation of system effectiveness. The testing phase will gather data on user behavior, sludge quality, and system efficiency to refine the design before full-scale deployment. Financial sustainability is achieved through a dual revenue model: biogas sales from treated sludge and fees for public latrine emptying.

In conclusion, the SaniSecure project presents a scalable, community-driven solution that addresses sanitation challenges through an integrated design approach. By combining improved toilet infrastructure with a reliable service, the system enhances public health, environmental protection, and economic resilience within the Imvepi settlement. The pilot phase will serve as a foundation for future expansion, demonstrating the viability of the SaniSecure model in low-resource settings.

PEZY, a design agency specializing in product development and wheelchair designs, explores innovative opportunities in custom wheelchair solutions. This report begins with a comprehensive analysis of the wheelchair industry, distinguishing between developed and developing countries based on different market demands. While developed markets emphasize highly adaptable and ergonomic wheelchairs, developing countries prioritize affordability, durability, and ergonomic designs.

The focus shifts to the potential of developing country markets, where PEZY identifies promising opportunities due to significant unmet needs and limited competition. Kenya serves as a case study, revealing robust demand for wheelchairs and highlighting challenges. The supply chain analysis underscores the involvement of stakeholders, including governments and aid organizations, essential for wheelchair distribution in challenging areas. The competitive landscape offers further insights into PEZY's potential entry into this market.

To address these insights, together with PEZY a value proposition was formulated with a self-build, custom-fit wheelchair concept. To improve PEZY market position strategic alliances with stakeholders are pivotal for market entry and validation. A phased roadmap guides product development, from initial design feedback to pilot testing and market launch.

The report affirms the viability of wheelchair innovation in developing countries, emphasizing PEZY's strategic alignment with aid organizations for sustainable market penetration. By leveraging alliances and funding, PEZY aims to introduce impactful wheelchair solutions.

Cycling, a sport with a rich history, is experiencing rapid growth in popularity (Braeckevelt, 2019). It is known for its numerous health benefits, including reducing cardiovascular risks and obesity (Oja et al., 2011).

Despite being perceived as a low-impact activity, research conducted by Delft University of Technology reveals that over one-third of cyclists suffer from saddle sores (Groenendijk et al., 1992). This prevalence is even higher among sport-cyclers, with complaints often focusing on discomfort around the perineum and sit-bones, potentially hindering participation in the sport (Napier & Heron, 2022).

Throughout this research, it became apparent that achieving a comfortable saddle experience hinges on two crucial factors: a saddle design selected to fit the purpose (cyclist’s anatomy, cycling posture, and personal preferences) and a proper bike fit. Despite their significance, these aspects are frequently disregarded during the saddle purchasing process. As a result, cyclists may find themselves cycling through multiple saddles before discovering the right fit or resorting to costly professional bike fitting services.

In response to these findings, this thesis proposes the development of a bicycle saddle with a variable side profile. This way, the rider can adjust the saddle to align it with the pelvic bone. Therefore creating an optimal pressure distribution, leading to less saddle sores. This has been done by introducing a hinging frontal and rear part, covered by a specially designed padding that makes sure that a smooth profile is established. Additionally, bike and saddle fitting items and a simple guide are provided to the customer and should help find a better bike fit at home.

This research aims to improve the balance between repairability and recyclability of an outdoor luminaire. For this, an existing outdoor luminaire, the Luma Gen2, was used as a case study. The product architecture of the Luma was analyzed, as well as its performance in the context of repairability and recyclability.

The repairability analysis showed that certain priority components are easily reachable and require few tools. However, the theoretical repair practices of the GearFlex box were not always experienced in the field and resulted in the need for individual driver replacement. Furthermore, the L2 was difficult to reach as it requires upside down disassembly. A shredder experiment showed the recyclability of the Luma. Most of the aluminum of the Luma ended up in the non-ferrous fraction and the wires and electronics were mostly liberated. The bolts used for the spigot, glass clamps and ground wires did not liberate and were mostly found in the wrong fraction. Also, certain materials were used that are difficult to recycle, like PC, PMMA, and Silicon rubber.

To determine what an optimized design of an outdoor luminaire could look like, 2 concepts and a full redesign of the Luma Gen2 were made. Experts ranked the concepts and found them to show improvements in both repairability and recyclability. The selected concept was developed further and turned into a functional prototype. This prototype decreased the time of a driver and L2 repair with a factor of 9. The recyclability of the prototype is also assumed to be significantly improved.

Furthermore, existing design guidelines regarding repairability and recyclability were presented and used during the concept development phase. These guidelines were analyzed on their usefulness and application to this specific product group and were adjusted accordingly, resulting in a suggested set of design guidelines on the repairability and recyclability of outdoor luminaires.

This graduation project explores the problem of teaching engineering education through the course Understanding Product Engineering (UPE) to first year bachelor students at the TU Delft faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, which is a significant issue in the context of the reduction of time allocated to technical subjects in the programme. Moreover, students are not applying their engineering knowledge and skills in their design projects, possibly meaning the way it is educated is not effective. The primary goal of this research is to design an experiential machine, aiming to address the lack of practical, hands-on learning experiences in early engineering education through the development of a prototype and accompanying educational module. This is guided by the Productive Failure learning approach.

The project began with an initial exploration phase, where the different subjects of UPE were explored, a questionnaire was conducted and literature was reviewed to understand the end users’ needs and how to effectively teach subjects. From this, several key findings emerged, including the choice of direction for statics with a focus on beam bending. Additionally, it was discovered that teaching relies heavily on the way motivation in students is created.

Based on these insights, the next phase involved generating design concepts and developing a proof of concept for an experiential machine, guided by the requirements that followed from a deeper look into the subject of statics and beam bending. This concept phase culminated in the embodiment of the Educational Deflection Analyser (EDA), which was further refined through technical assessments and user tests.

To validate the design, two user tests were conducted, and the results indicated that the EDA is a functional proof-of-concept with the potential to engage students by sparking their curiosity to learn something new. Despite requiring some future iterations concerning the usability and full integration in the educational context, the project successfully developed a setup to teach first year students the fundamentals of product engineering.

In conclusion, this report demonstrates that with continued development, the EDA holds the potential to become an effective learning tool in the future to make engineering education enjoyable and see the application reflected in design projects. Future work could focus on the improvement of the user-friendliness, elaborate evaluation and digital integration of the electronics.

Limited access to surgical care in low- and middle-income countries has resulted in the loss of approximately 16.9 million lives annually, accounting for 32% of global deaths. This is more than tuberculosis, malaria and HIV combined.

Several factors contribute to this disparity, including the scarcity of surgical equipment. Despite the limited availability of equipment, a staggering 40% of donated equipment in sub-Saharan Africa is ultimately discarded in landfills due to its short lifecycle.

This is attributed to the lack of consideration for the local use context in the design of medical devices. For example, medical devices are not robust enough, can not be repaired locally due to lack of access to spare parts and might not function because of the harsh working environment. (i.e. fluctuations in the electricity grid).

Laparoscopy offers much shorter recovery times and reduces risks of infection, thus improving clinical outcomes and allowing individuals to return quickly, thus enhancing the livelihoods of families that might rely on a single source of income.

Recognising that equipment availability is an issue in hospitals, I designed EasyTower - a practical and cost effective design. EasyTower integrates an outer casing to securely store the devices required for laparoscopy, such as the diathermy, ENT drill, and insufflator. Seamless connectivity to an uninterruptible power supply ensures continuous operation through power outages.

The tower includes a laptop holder and a drawer for accessories. Instead of using the typical laparoscopic stack, costs are drastically reduced by using a laptop to replace the light source, screen and image processing, thus eliminating the need for expensive equipment, by connecting to a scope that works with a standard laptop or tablet.

EasyTower is designed to be mobile, thus ensuring equipment can be moved and utilised in various hospital settings as needed. It can easily be opened up and used directly. To reduce the risk of damaging the medical equipment, Easy tower folds into a safe, lockable storage space (like a flightcase), protecting equipment from frequent impacts with e.g. patient beds, thus ensuring a longer life span.

Produced from off-the-shelf components which can be easily procured in Africa, EasyTower can be produced locally and spare parts can be easily sourced, making it easy to repair locally. Easy tower reduces equipment needs and protects equipment from breaking, either due to impacts or due to electrical problems. In this way equipment can have a longer lifespan, thus preventing the equipment from ending-up in the landfill, contributing to a more accessible and sustainable healthcare system.

Digital literacy has emerged as an indispensable skill in the 21st-century workforce, compelling educational institutions to adapt their curricula and incorporate digital literacy into their teaching methodologies. This research abstract specifically addresses the challenge of integrating digital literacy into the secondary educational course Design&Technology, which adopts a project-based, competence-driven approach that presents difficulties in establishing overarching guidelines and methods.
The primary objective of this project was to explore the structural inclusion of digital literacy within the Design&Technology course while preserving the existing teaching methods. Digital literacy permeates various stages of the Design&Technology projects, particularly in the learning and utilization of digital programs for creating and communicating models, research, and designs. The course emphasizes the significance of self-regulated learning during this process; however, teachers often encounter challenges in fulfilling their coaching role. To foster self-regulated learning among students, teachers must ensure the presence of key elements such as competence, relatedness, and autonomy. Regular reflection on their instructional practices and the course's relevance is crucial for applying effective didactic methods.
The final design outcome of this project is a game, intended to be played during pivotal moments within the Design&Technology faculty, such as the start of a school year. The game facilitates the exchange of views and perspectives, promoting a unified outlook on the Design&Technology course at the school. It prompts teachers to reflect on their interventions with student design teams and evaluate the effectiveness of their approaches in supporting the self-regulated learning journey emphasized in the Design&Technology vision. Furthermore, the game provides a safe space for players to express personal opinions and viewpoints.
The research project involved initial theoretical research to establish an overview of the scope, followed by engaging internal stakeholders in context-mapping sessions. The iterative phase of the project incorporated experts and stakeholders closely related to the identified problem statement through co-creative sessions, which further refined the game concept. The final evaluation was conducted in a realistic context and involved stakeholders who had no previous involvement with the research project.
The evaluation affirmed the anticipated outcomes, demonstrating that the game successfully facilitated reflection among the participants, allowing them to critically assess their daily teaching practices, make informed judgments, and raise questions or uncertainties. Consequently, teachers are now better equipped to provide tailored support to students during unexpected situations, thereby enhancing their self-regulated learning.
By employing the game, the integration of digital literacy into Design&Technology projects can be achieved in a structured manner. Engagement with the game improves flexibility, innovation, motivation, and enables teachers to deliver student-centered education.

REV’IT! would like their first road racing boot on the racetrack before the racing season 2024 for the riders they sponsor in the MotoGP Championship. These riders wear everything REV’IT! from the neck down, except for boots. For boots, they currently have to arrange another sponsor deal with one of the direct competitors of REV’IT!. As contact is already there, the risk of losing the riders to these competitors for the entire sponsor package increases. REV’IT! has experience developing adventure bike boots, race gloves and race suits, but not in terms of motorcycle racing boots. Research, designing, and testing had to be done to get from this point to a race-ready product. This project served as a jump start in this process.
The initial goal was to find and dive into a design problem for a concept of a boot subsystem by executing different types of analyses to pinpoint current areas of improvement based on experience with competitor boots and create a list of requirements and an overview of the design drivers. As REV’IT! stands for quality, technical innovation and solving user problems, it would be fitting to make a boot that is not only as good as its competition but also has an answer for the problems indicated by the riders. The necessary data was collected through interviews with experts, a co-creation and Q&A session and interviews with the REV’IT! Riders, brainstorming sessions, questionnaires, and literature research. Besides the boot requirements and design drivers, four potential research areas surfaced. With the use of an evaluative method, the choice was made to focus on improving the current ankle brace design to be better at protecting the riders against hyper-rotation injury. The problem statement became: “Limiting the damage caused by hyper-rotation of the joints of the lower limb of REV’IT!’s MotoGP riders during a crash with a lightweight, low-profile solution that does not cause any discomfort in terms of pressure or donning and doffing, and does not limit the rider in their freedom of movement and the tactile feel to a noticeable extend.”
With in-depth research, ideation, calculations, prototyping, tests and multiple iterations, a final concept was generated that limits hyper-rotation in the direction of inversion and eversion even when combined with plantar and dorsiflexion. 2.1 (when plantar flexed), 7.0 (when neutral), and 3.7 (when dorsiflexed) times more force is required to invert this brace compared to the brace of one of the best racing boots currently available. Meaning this brace absorbs more impact energy during a crash. The concept combines a comfortable, lightweight and low-profile pivoting 3D printed PA11 hard part based on a 3D scan of the rider with six reinforcing Dyneema® strings that mimic the ligamentous structures of the ankle in terms of placement and functionality. It allows for the complete active range of motion in the direction of plantar and dorsiflexion while limiting inversion and eversion in all flexion positions. The strings allow for the personalisation of the amount of limitation based on rider anatomy and preferences.

Nectlected Tropical diseases (NTDs) is a designation of a group of 20 different (often parasitic) diseases. These are mostly prevalent in tropical areas like Nigeria and Gabon, affecting the health of the poor remote communities significantly.

Current diagnosis is done by manual microscopy. This is too expensive and not time and cost efficient. Therefore an automated diagnostic device is developed.

The developed prototype at the start of the thesis was working, however it was not portable. In this thesis I show the process of developing a portable diagnostic microscope is able to work in remote area's without needing power.

In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 100,000 infants develop hydrocephalus yearly. Unfortunately, due to the lack of diagnostic tools, many children are poorly treated and not diagnosed.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) is the most preferred medical diagnostic technology for diagnosing and treating diseases such as hydrocephalus. Yet, it is currently out of reach for 70 per cent of the world's population due to its high price and complexity in functioning. Moreover, in Low-middle income countries such as Uganda, MRI scanners are not available due to the financial, infrastructural and maintenance barriers.
Therefore the research team of Penn state university, Leiden University Medical Centre and the Delft University of Technology has joint forces to develop a low-cost, sustainable and portable MRI scanner operating at a lower field (50mT).
Such technology can meet clinical needs at the point of care or in low and middle-income countries.

For a successful and safe implementation of the low field MRI scanner in LMICs, the device must conform to safety quality norms and adequately address the contextual challenges within sub-Saharan Africa. This requires the low field MRI scanner to be equipped with all necessary functionalities to function and sustain for the brain imaging of infants with hydrocephalus.
Additional complexity arises during the brain imaging besides the functionality of the technology, the fit with the context, which is the human factors.
Accurate brain imaging relies on a settled child lying in the MRI scanner to acquire the necessary sequences for qualitative images. Unfortunately, infants in low resource settings are not sedated and prone to move due to discomfort. This may lead to an incomplete or unsuccessful scan; costly follow-up rescheduled scans with the additional inconvenience of an anxious caretaker. In addition, significant motion during the scanning can mislead or inhibit interpretation, leading to diagnostic errors.
Therefore, this project aims to develop a human-centred bed system of the low field MRI scanner that allows immobilization of the patient by designing a comfortable bed system that is inexpensive, safe and of sufficient quality to diagnose hydrocephalus.
I designed a concept for the comfortable MRI system through an iterative design process based on the double diamond method. Stakeholder involvement, prototyping, and validation through experimenting lead as the main design inputs for further improvements of the concept's functionality, comfort, and usability.

This resulted in a complete MRI system that integrates the comfortable bed system in a sustainable MRI system while addressing the contextual challenges. In addition, this MRI system enables an ergonomic and safe operation, facilitates secure and comfortable insertion and removal of the patient from the machine, and allows mothers and operators to remain close and in visual contact with the patient.

A functional system, divided into the mattress, head immobilizer, mattress holder, double mirror and swaddle blanket, has been developed and optimized for local production and assembly. With the combination of these systems in an integrated design, MR imaging can be provided by MRI technicians with limited knowledge and reduction of human workload. In addition, by introducing the low field MRI scanner, the accessibility of MR Imaging in scarce resource settings will increase clinical outcomes and support the treatment of hydrocephalus.

This thesis is concerned with exploring just how to develop products in line with this frugal methodology through the case study of a hand exerciser. This main research question for this design project asks to what extent can FDM 3D printing be applied to assist Kenyan occupational therapists in the provision of therapy to individuals with hand dexterity and strength challenges. This self-initiated graduation project is being completed in collaboration with Kijenzi (www.kijenzi.com) - a design and manufacturing company based in Kenya. Kijenzi is using additive manufacturing technology to produce products locally using low-cost FDM 3D printers. Research into the context of occupational therapy, additive manufacturing, and the context of Kenya revealed the following key insights: Professionals in Kenya do not have access to suitable tools because of their high associated cost and the challenges involved in importing the products and distributing them into rural locations. Traditional hand exercisers can have drawbacks that hinder patient recoveries. 3D printing is a laborious process and partially digitizing the process could lower production costs. Occupational therapists require products in a large range of sizes and strengths to suit the individual needs of their patients. This could be achieved in a product customising system. The synthesis of the insights gained in the research activity created an envisioned scenario which involved a product/service/system scope. In this scenario, patients can exercise their hands safely in a purposeful way with a meaningful outcome. Healthcare professionals would be empowered to order customised products from the manufacturing company by means of an online product customiser. The manufacturer would then be able to produce these customised goods in a way that minimises the cost of doing so. A list of requirements, design drivers, and design challenges were prepared as support to design activity. The HandBand product, service, system (PSS) concept is a holistic structure which affords the provision of patient-specific hand therapy. Through the use of the 3D-printed therapy device, an online configurator, and a production system, the concept’s full design articulation is achieved in a low-cost and feasible manner. The three-part proposition aims to provide impact for key stakeholders in both the Kenyan healthcare picture and the Kijenzi context. Six levels of the European Space Agency’s Technology Readiness Level were followed to embody these design proposals. The ultimate validation in this involved a test of the 3D-printed product in a clinical setting in Kenya. The outcome of this evaluation for the product was clear and decisive: the occupational therapist confirmed that the HandBand had made a significant contribution to the recoveries of multiple patients. The hand exerciser was a marked improvement to the current equipment and tools available in the hospital. Conclusions were derived from the feedback in the final chapter. Finally, recommendations were prepared for the development of the design proposal in future.

Nowadays, designers deal with increasingly complex and meaningful challenges. Because of that, design schools are required to deliver professional designers capable of handling what future decades might bring. Therefore, resilience, generally described as the process of adapting well in the presence of adversity, makes it a valuable quality future generations of designers could develop.

As resilience is still an abstract concept within the education domain, this thesis aimed to explore how it could be built and enhanced in such a context. The approach chosen to tackle that question was initially to analyze the literature regarding resilience. Then, to perform an in-depth autoethnographic study in a moment I believed resilience was systematically achieved in the Industrial Design Engineering faculty: the COVID19 lockdowns. Finally, I synthesized the learnings from that period and previous literature research into a theoretical framework that aims to assist educators in conceptualizing interventions to foster Resilience in Learning Systems.

This framework was implemented to design and evaluate MyRubric, a co-creative guide for adaptive assessment, which aims to offer a constructive, resilient alternative to the current rubric.

The principles of compliant mechanisms have been available to engineering students, students of mechanical engineering. Designers or design students had very little understanding of the principles behind making compliant things(Appendix B- Interviews).

Through the course of this project, the relevance of compliant products to designers has been outlined. The basic general principles have been outlined and an introductory workshop experience has been curated using a worksheet as a tool to guide designers in their learning journey and in helping them design their first-ever compliant thing. The concept has been validated on two occasions with two user groups, one on the university level and the other on a professional level.

With the emergence of 3D printing as a manufacturing technology for the prototyping needs of a designer, the FDM 3D printing technology is used in attaining the results of the workshop.

To direct the project, the values of two stakeholders were considered. First, the IDE Academy, TUDelft. Second a mock business entity, Borderless Quadrant. Through these values, the mechanics of the workshop such as experiential learning, conversational learning have been shaped.

The methodological approach of the project is based on the double diamond approach and has - explore, define, develop and deliver phases.

During the exploration phase of the project, literature research coupled with interviews with subject matter experts was conducted. The challenges faced by product developers while designing compliant products were outlined. The current delivery of the IDE academy workshop was observed and points for improvement were noted down.

The literature research aided in formulating the basics of designing with the flexibility of products.

Going into the define phase of the project a vision was formulated i.e “The vision is to encourage play and exploration in the learning journey to get to simple, functional, tangible outcomes”.

Based on this vision, a co-creation workshop was set up with a small group of designers. The learnings from this were translated as guidelines for designers. The next step was to validate these guidelines through a workshop for design students that was organized by the IDE academy. For this workshop, the complexity was to deal with the higher number of participants and time. In providing the participants with a consistent learning experience, worksheets based on the guidelines were made. The workshop was successful in introducing this new concept to designers, contextualizing the relevance of designing with flexibility for them, and helping them autonomously achieve results on the topic. The next step was to validate it with professional designers and so the workshop was conducted in a design studio. After the workshop inputs were welcomed in making it more valuable to designers in actually being able to take this skill and apply it to their design practice.

Lastly, future directions are discussed and the possibility of a business is discussed.

In this report, the design process of a high precision positioning system for Ghana is described. The system consists of two devices, a base station and a user operated rover. These devices provide precision positioning, using dual frequency receivers and the principle of differential positioning. The high precision positioning system can be utilized for multiple purposes. The system can open up business opportunities in surveying, can be used to make height maps for flood prediction and to gather meteorological data. The gathering of weather data is the main purpose of TWIGA, under which flag this project runs.
During this project, the main focus is to create a working product, which can be tested in Ghana as soon a possible. Therefore, the highest priority is to make a functional device in terms of accurate positioning, data connection and power supply. This device should be suitable for the local environmental conditions, such as tropical rain and a high humidity.

This thesis aims to help teenagers, aged 14-16, feel confident to express their thought and feelings. By doing so, we aim to create an environment in which teenagers can seek help. Where they can learn how to cope with uncertainties before they turn into bigger and long lasting mental health issues. The thesis does not aim to solve the problem of mental illnesses nor be a solution that prevents it. It aims to create an environment where this changes just enough to move in the right direction and offers a space for solutions with bigger changes.
The thesis starts with research. The research phase consists of literature, interviews with people who work with teenagers and a workshop with teenagers themselves. Four cornerstones are selected from the research to build the design upon. These cornerstones are: the tool will help teenagers discover their talents, give them control, show teens they are not the only ones and use gaming to increase motivation. Based on these corner stones the tool is designed through ideation, first testing, development and prototype testing, phase. The tool consists of three elements: a game, amulet and application. The first test consists of 23 teenagers in three sessions in which the assumptions and first ideas are tested. The prototype testing is done during 8 sessions of 6 teenagers. The 48 teens played the game. 42 Interacted with the amulet and 15 offered feedback on the application as well. The teenagers show excitement in discovering their talents through a game. They like the fun and social aspect and the fact that they did not have to assign talents to themselves. However, they experienced that the initial size of the amulet as too big. In the next iteration the size is reduced. Furthermore, the application is given more attention and function. The teenagers express that simply having an object to touch was too abstract. The teenagers also express a need for practicality and understandability. The designed tool helps teenagers discover their talents through a story based game. The game is played with six teenagers and facilitated by a teacher. The teenagers explore these talents over the next week. Through touching the amulet when the teens use their talents, it functions as a non-intrusive cognitive offloading. Later, the app will send a notification and ask them to explain more about the activity during which they used their talents. The app provides guidance in exploring those moments. It breaks the moments up in smaller pieces. It also covers moments in which teens cannot use their talents. After a week, the teenager can use the application and data they stored during a conversation with their mentor. I chose to ask feedback from more teenagers during a short session rather than testing the tool over a week. This is the proposed next step of the project alongside development of the app and working together with experts on the story and questions of the game. The test should be validated to start the implementation phase.