New York was born in the pursuit of profit. Anglo-Dutch War, Independence War, Civil War, World War I and World War II, New York stands at the forefront of every major political change until it becomes the capital of the post-war world. New York opened its arms and embraced the groups that were excluded and expelled from other continents. It also attracted speculators full of speculation, creating a unique immigration city in the world, where global cultures collided and sparked. Capital and population accumulate here, creating a spectacle of congestion in this metropolitan laboratory. However, what will the New York City change in the future? How the public realm would evolve in the urban context? Although the globalization might lead to a homogeneous future, the sensuous space and emotive architecture are still what we cannot lose. It’s always meaningful to really touch, smell, hear something. So, it’s always worthwhile to discuss the position of public spaces in the future.

The dance film campus locating across the 31st and 28th Streets between Broadway and the Fifth Avenue, is aiming at an intimate relationship to the future development of the district and urban linkages. It is an open campus that restructure the existing grid form, absorbing tourism and creative industrial expansion from adjacent areas, facing newly formed industry to the public, so as to create an urban form of contemporary agora. The project is tackling the common issue of Manhattan, undesirable public space, that neglect neighbours from its redevelopment and gentrification of old industrial district in mid-town.

As the prosperous city in the world, New York City has the most dysfunctional transportation system. In this island the traffic efficiency is annoying and the capacity is limited. This project aims to be a Mixed using Transportation Complex for future as a Public shared from underground to upper ground that serves as the portal to the EV and provides future capacity for the new traffic volume and public life with green.

Project Orbit is a masterplan to fundamentally change the closed of relationship between the residential area of the Second Avenue and the medical area along the First Avenue in Midtown, New York. The project is comprised of the creation of a public plaza with a subway station and leisure uses; the repurposing of two listed buildings, for flexible needs of the medical complex; and the densification by a residential ring, hovering over the plaza.

This year the graduation studio of Complex Projects takes place in New York City.
The focus of the studio is Midtown Manhattan. Manhattan is defined by its radical rectangular grid composed of streets and avenues. This condition assured the cities growth to what it is now and created a framework that resulted in the hyper densified and unique urban fabric. However, nowadays Midtown opposes new challenges: many buildings have reached or overreach their lifespan, new mega developments occur which challenge the grid, slow traffic makes the area very congested and last but not least the city is in danger to be flooded. In the studio Midtown is split into four areas. The focus area of Midtown we analysed is the lower eastern part, named Empire Village.
The design will act upon areas in cities where institutions be a dominant part in the city. Investigating on, how to deal with a city’s border condition caused by massive single uses and improve the underused area? With being more specific:
How to make the 26th, 27th and 28th street more permeable to soften the border condition between the village and the waterfront?
This will be tested with a 25 000 squared meters campus, to favour the programme of a public building, including a research institute, university campus and housing to encounter therefore the hospital employees, students and residents to meet and exchange in order to change the Kips Bay Court into a humane, safe and diverse area.

The housing affordability crisis is a real pressing issue not only in New York City but in many other highly developed cities from big economies. This crisis can also lead to further social and economic problems in if any actions are not taken to counter it. As such, many decisive actions and measures relies on designers and urban developers alike. As a starting point, the current patterns of dwelling and housing typologies will be carefully studied and considered in order to predict and possibly reconsider the future patterns of living and housing that may lead to better functioning societies. In this manner, this thesis will explore how to effectively work with affordable housing in Midtown Manhattan within the current model of the New York financial housing market, going through the exploration of design guidelines, urban considerations and regulations that could facilitate the provision of affordable housing.

The these is to explore new possibility to consolidate daily living and food experience in 2100 Amsterdam. Food is one of the essential elements in daily life. We eat and consume foods everyday. However, since the industrialization and automation of the industry, food industry has become one of the most destructive system in the planet in terms of global warming and climate change. For upcoming future, there is a need for feeding ourselves with sustainable way.

It is a miracle to sustain this industry this far with destroying the planet. 35% of the land is already being used for food production and the 35% of the forest disappeared. Meanwhile, it is using 70% of fresh water which accounts for only 1% of total water in the Earth. In distribution perspective, while the agricultural product is transported, 50% of them are being thrown away. By the time costomers get an apple in the supermarket, the apple lost its antioxidant and have only sugar. Human becomes professional to destroy both the planet and their body at the same time. However, a bigger problem is that most of people are not aware of those facts and being defined by monopolized industry dyanamics.

The fact is that we need more food will not be changed but It is not feasible anymore to develop agriculture industry horizontally. It is important to use new agricultural science technologies more and more. Vertical farming, Controlled Environment Technology and Cellular Agriculture. These technologies use less space and can be stacked so it is durable to be located in urban contexts where more than 70% of people will live in. Using these new technologies, architecture can provide more transparent and active place in urban area. In the place, people will experience most advanced and sustainable food experience. Furthermore, the building itself will be able to encourage public health with balanced nutrition recommendation.

The project is about designing of a Hyperloop transfer Hub for the future, or as I call it, a Hyperhub. Therefore, a lot of (high)speed train stations have been analyzed as well as international oriented transfer hubs, such as airports and terminals. Due to the position taken in the first stage of the design process, also significant research has been done in the way mother nature designs its structures, for example, the honeycomb, animal skins, cracks in stone, merging of bubbles, structure of snowflakes, and so one. Therefore, research and design had a close relationship between each other during the process. A lot of design decisions have been made by looking closely in to the research done during the past months, somewhat like the definition of research/evidence based design. Objectivity is an essential point to be able to state that a design can be used purely for research purposes. In practice, however, this rarely applies, certainly in architecture due to the fact that also my own approach is mainly evidence based design true the scope of the analysis of relevant reference case studies. The fact that this form of design research in no way describes what the absolute scientific reality is, corresponds with the position of the design studio project, which is about designing a masterplan for the year 2100. This naturally involves a lot of hypothetical questions and assumptions, where it is usually difficult to provide a substantiated argumentation reflecting your knowledge gained by research, but this is exactly why the focus of the studio is primarily on doing thorough research as much as possible. In addition, many impulsive or intuitive decisions were taken as expected, only the research done was mainly focusing on finding a narrative and a style in which to design a future mobility hub. A surprising observation is that there is a strong correlation between the process of research and design. Many elements from the case studies of other existing train stations and infrastructural nodes, therefore, arise almost simultaneously, between research and design. A fruitful interaction between the relatively 'objective' research and the more 'subjective' design process. Research based and evidence based design are research methodologies that can significantly influence design decisions in de whole process. In the Complex Projects studio, most people approach the problems and research questions in a very analytical and data driven way. This elaborates the fact that everyone has to thoroughly analyze, investigate and argue every aspect of the researched area and come up with lots of diagrams and data based drawings. So, one could say that evidence based designing, as it is for me, is more uncomplicated and optimal for this type of studio.

The project is concerned with the district of Zuidoost, currently inhabited by mostly non-western immigrants and functioning as a sleeping district. As the area is missing defined local public space, the project aims to provide with space in which people of different backgrounds can meet and interact with each other, and therefore enable to form a local community. In order for such space to be successful in the 2100, times in which people would spend a lot of their free time in the virtual reality, it needs to utilize true qualities of the physical space and smartly develop its attractiveness.

In the now a day-age the energy industry is in a transitional phase. Humanity is searching to find an answer to the depletion of fossil fuels, with the exploration of new renewable resources. These renewable resources, in contrary to fossil fuels, require to be continuously balanced between production peaks and lows. Leading to the need for energy storage. Most likely, by the year 2100, every Amsterdammer in his or her daily life is relying on electrical energy produced by renewable energy sources, stored in batteries in their own homes. This seems from a sustainable point of view to be of great progression. However, although the energy consumed will then be infinite, the storage sure is not. A considerable problem remains in the increasing amount of energy stored in unsustainable and finite lithium-ion batteries. As a solution, energy could instead be stored in Hydrogen gas storage facilities. This poses a design problem to find out what a hydrogen facilities must become to be implemented on a large scale within the urban environment.

In light of the huge growth in population and tourism that Amsterdam will encounter in the future, the city might have to work towards a polycentral urban setup in which multiple city centers can contribute to the (social-, cultural-, economic-) wellbeing of the overall city. In this project we find that the likelihood of Sloterdijk, a place known for its transit node Sloterdijk Station and the nearby A10 ringroad-highway, becoming one of these poli-centers is high. But the A10 ringroad as a connecting factor between multiple new poli-centers will get a new meaning as well. The Western part of the ringroad will likely expand towards the A5, A9, A1 highway to reduce heavy transit within the city of Amsterdam. Could we in this case create a more approachable A10 highway, and what would that need? Looking at presidents of great European ringroads, like the Ringstrasse in Vienna, Boulevard de Marechaux in Paris, Boulevard Ring in Moscow but also the Binnenring of Amsterdam, we find that these places are full of green, approachable for pedestrians and cyclists, and with a great variety of cultural destination. In Amsterdam most of the cultural amenities are clustered within the old inner city. This results in a great pressure on the inner-city with overcrowding as a result. Sloterdijk has a few Cultural amenities on its own near the Sloterdijk station but these will have to relocate due to the envisioned future densification. Because of the need for cultural destinations at a renewed A10 ringroad, the solution became the clustering of these cultural amenities and the formalization of a multifunctional theater; a place for music, drama, pop-podia, movies and other means of performing art. Due to the fact that the project is based in the context of Amsterdam 2050, another question arose; what will the future of theater look like? Currently we can see the birth of new digital technologies that combine digital art with reality; Augmented Reality. Eventually these technologies could mean the addition of another production unit within the theater production team that we know. Digital attributes will become part of the story and the spectacle on the podium. This puts the AR in the ARthouse.

The prognosis for Amsterdam is that the population will grow until almost one million inhabitants in 2040 which leads to the fact that densification is needed to house all these people. Another prediction is that migration flows will increase, which means that diversity still will be a big topic in the future. Nowadays Amsterdam houses many nationalities and subgroups. Analyzing Sloterdijk, its demographics show more than 50% of the population is from non-western background. The people had to deal with the consequences of segregation in spatial, social and economical way. Problems as loneliness and a high unemployment rate are reason to doubt the approach of Amsterdam of dealing with integration of lower social classes and immigrants. What will happen when diversity will grow? Will this lead to a bigger segregation? Segregation arises where different groups of people aren’t meeting each other anymore and therefore do not understand each other’s world. The Slotermarket will form a new inclusive center for the local community in Sloterdijk in the future garden city 2.0. The building will house a market where different people of Sloterdijk can sell their goods next to each other. The market should be an inclusive place where different cultures could find their place now and in the future as migration flows are unpredictable. Therefore a flexible structure of pixels is made. On top of the retail functions, housing towers appear above the roof that covers the market. The roof functions as a connecting element, embracing all the pixels underneath the roof. On the other hand the roof is the meeting spot for the residents of the tower. Bridges are connecting the housing towers to the roof gardens with green houses. The inhabitants of the towers share several amenities as cars, workplaces, a sports room, a dining room and thus gardens and greenhouses on the roof. In this market a new typology is proposed: the city in a building, inspired by the souk and bazaars in the Middle East where the market is integrated in the streets of the city and by that is interwoven in the urban fabric. The Slotermarket is interwoven in its surroundings by embracing the green structures of the garden city. The future life in the garden cities will be focused around the ideals of social interaction, participation, sharing facilities and food production.

architectural research on the future of data centre's. how can we provide space for information sharing? how doe we develop the typology of the data centre on the future? and how do we built this in a sustainable way? This thesis combines contemporary and forthcoming problems that come with the development of data centers.

The concept of Fab-lab Sloterdijk is based on increasing the porosity of the border condition of the highway A10, which aims at vitalizing the Ringzone for future economic development of Amsterdam, and empowering the people with tools to make their life. To stitch the disconnection between Amsterdam’s go-to and no-go areas, the design envisions downgrading the ring road and turning exit bypass into bicycle highway – a new frontage of buildings along it. Towards a future of digital production, Fab-lab combines typologies of fabrication workshop and co-working space to provide a platform for sharing economy and open access to knowledge. The project challenges the current model of fabrication that factories are all excluded from the city by bringing fabrication back to a vertical urban factory specializing at prototyping and customization of products. Local production of building material is made possible with integration of robotic arms and 3D printers to fabricate with local collected resource. By doing so, digital construction with recycled resources enables customized architecture and builds towards circular economy. Fab-lab which houses automated digital fabrication will manifest itself through system of digital construction. Empowered by Fab-lab, the future of economy lies in the hands of people, who makes their own city.

Amsterdam Sloterdijk currently can be best described as a desolate office-area next to a major multi-modal mobility hub. At the same time amsterdam at large is facing challenges it has never seen before. The city is getting over-crowded, housing prices have increased sharply, and the limits of it's mobility network are already reached. Continuing on the current path the city can simply not absorb the projected growth towards 2050. 'Future Node' proposes to leverage sloterdijk's underutilized potential by providing the critical mass to develop sloterdijk into one of amsterdam's new polycenters. Only in this way the city's growth can be absorbed whilst keeping it accessible.
the first intervention involves optimizing The infrastructural situation around Sloterdijk. The herein redirected ground-based tracks allow for a roundabout to smoothly connect the surrounding areas under the fly-over tracks, and directly connect the a10 to a underground transferium.

The building itself is a direct result of this infrastructural context. The outer diameter protrudes over the tracks to provide fronts in 3 direction, the inner diameter maximizes the central plaza. An interior network of passages let in light whilst providing the mixed-use building with a urban quality.

As such, future node will form the focal point of both mobility flows and urban life.

Metropoles around the world are projected to keep growing in the coming years. Their population is increasing and with it the size and density of the city. Amsterdam is no exception to this projected growth with a population estimated to be larger than one million around 2050. As a consequence, we can see the housing and land prices skyrocket and the demand for new buildable space increase. ‘Green-House’ proposes to combine green recreation (allotment gardening) with the possibility for housing and hyper functional urban farming in a new architectural typology. With accessible green, it can sustain biodiversity in the city whilst embracing the densification and increasing the quality of life of the inhabitants with local food production.

The design consists of two parts. The first part is mainly about why and how to build a seawall in Embarcadero district. The second part is how to create attractive waterfront activities and how to connect the city, the seawall, and the floating area as a whole. Each design decision is a result of research. The process of the design is also a way of research. Building a seawall and creating floating areas in Embarcadero is the best decisions dealing with the sea-level rise based on my site researchs.