Today, the deregulated Dutch healthcare system, the changing demographics and the growing shortage of medical specialists is putting pressure on the entire hospital and its employees. Thus, improving the patient experience, medical specialist’s workflow and utilisation of space would enable hospitals to provide better care to its patients, while dealing with the deregulated healthcare sector, changing democraphics and pressures on the hospital and its staff. However, buildings today can perform better when being a ‘smart’ building and smart tools can help optimise buildings, by first measuring something about the building or something is requested from the user; This data is then used to achieve a goal.There are some studies about smart tools, but these studies are not focussed on integrating smart tools in the outpatient department. Therefor, the following research question has been developed: Which ‘smart’ optimisations of the outpatient department could improve patient experience, medical specialist’s workflow and utilisation of space? Qualitative research is conducted, whereby literature is reviewed in combination with comparative research of four different Dutch hospitals. Based on the case study, in total fourteen potential optimisations are distinguished in three different focus areas (from most desired to nice to have): (1) Workflow: Diagnostics, finding workplace, digital forms, finding colleague, information (EPD), self measuring / controlling, and e-consult. (2) Patient experience: Information provision, wayfinding, check-in, and senior service. (3) Utilisation of space: Space use, Maintenance / tracking of (medical) equipment, and cleaning. The focus of potential optimisations is mainly focused on functional objectives with supporting user activities, increase patients’ and employees’ satisfaction, and improving productivity. Therefor, the advice is to look at mutiple potential optimisations at the same time and try to come to an integrated solution. This will create new valuable insights, improve the performance of the individual optimisations and stimulates automation. And ultimately, improving the patient experience, the medical specialist’s workflow and the utilisation of space.

In most of the current starting construction projects, most stakeholders use virgin materials for building elements. Considering climate change, building materials are getting scarce, it is necessary to reduce the number of virgin building materials and improve circularity in the construction industry. The problem is the absence of a middle man that could research the data of existing usable materials and connect this information to stakeholders of starting dwelling projects. This raises the research question: How can an operational model link the supply of existing building materials with the demand for new construction projects in order to reduce the use of virgin materials and thereby improve circularity in the construction industry? The goal of this research is to provide a useful tool for the construction industry to join the transition towards a circular economy. Based on three levels of scale, an operational model is developed that gives a comparison between the materials costs of existing building elements and virgin building elements for a starting dwelling project. This comparison results in insight and an overview for clients, such as municipalities or housing corporations into the costs of potential dwellings built with existing building materials. The operational tool also gives insight in whether or not reusable building materials provide a feasible business case, considering a framework based on the clients input.

Currently the on-site logistics of construction projects are very inefficient. The construction industry is very fragmented and there are a lot of different information and material processes, therefore it is difficult for a main contractor to get control of these all. It is assumed that if the main contractor gets control of the logistics, the logistics will become more efficient. One of the ways to get control is with BIM. Building Information Modelling combines the data of all stakeholders in one model and can help to streamline the logistics. The goal of this research is to show contractors how they can get change their traditional processes into a supply chain that is managed with BIM and get control of their logistics. The research design that was selected is that of a single-case study. The case that is selected is project Bètatoren, a medium-sized construction project that is built by Waal. This research focusses on Waal, but includes also other parties. Two subcontractors and two suppliers of project Bètatoren have been selected, in order to research the whole supply chain. Also, experts from other construction companies are involved for the validation of this research. Case study research shows that currently the logistic information and BIM are disconnected. The logistic information is send from the subcontractors and suppliers to the main contractor and back, but this happens mainly in 2D. This is partly due to the fact that there is a mismatch between the information processes and the production processes. As a result, information is missing in the BIM-model. This information should be completed, but that does not happen. No one takes responsibility and therefore the current information processes are fragmented and uncoordinated. The main contractor controls the process but does not coordinate the information, neither does anyone else. Based upon a literature study and case study research several steps have been defined which the main contractor must take in order to manage the logistics with BIM. First, the main contractor must take the responsibility and control the changes in the process. He must actively lead the supply chain and demand collaborative behavior from the subcontractors and suppliers. Secondly, the main contractor must make sure that the information processes and BIM are connected, and that the logistic information is incorporated in both. This includes, inter alia, linking the planning to the BIM-model. Thirdly, the main contractor must make sure that the BIM-model aligns with the logistics on the construction site. The information flows and the BIM-structure should be connected to make supply chain management with BIM feasible. According to the research, the process of changing a traditional supply chain into a supply chain management with BIM is both financially, organizationally and socially feasible for the main contractor. Concluding, if the main contractor takes control, actively coordinates and structures the information flow and focusses on connecting the logistic information and BIM, he can get control of the logistics.

There is a clear mismatch between the national ambition to reach a natural gas-free housing stock and the current ability of owner-occupiers to meet this ambition. This research aims to help resolve this mismatch between the national ambition and the opportunities for households to act in the gas-free transition. To do so, missing information is provided and made understandable to homeowners. By including the servitization model, the effect of this new model is furthermore researched. The objectives are as follows: (1) conceptualize the natural gas-free transition process; (2) develop optimum homeowner focused transition packages showcasing if and how they can enter the transition process; and (3) generate a housing stock feasibility overview and assess the added value of the servitization model. The main method of this research is the development of a transition tool. The tool combines a Building Performance Simulation (BPS) with economic analysis. The main empirical findings indicate that feasible gas-free transition packages can be developed for 33%, or 1.2 million privately owned dwellings with the processes currently available. The remaining 2.4 million dwellings do not showcase feasible business cases to enter the gas-free transition process. The results show that the dwellings that illustrate feasible transition package have the potential to decrease their 49% share of primary energy demand to 8% when gas-free, decreasing the total energy consumption of the Netherlands by 7.7%.

On January 30, 2020, the WHO Emergency Committee declared a global health emergency based on increasing reports of Chinese and international cases. The unprecedented impact of COVID-19 has also affected education systems around the world. This means that more than 1.6 billion students, representing 91% of all students in the world, have felt the impact of COVID-19 on their study environments. The Smart Campus Tools and SCT 2.0 research has revealed that the use of SCTs is well known among Dutch and foreign universities. But, because the COVID-19 crisis is a recent and still current event, there is a gap in the literature with the insights on how universities and organizations have utilized SCTs during this period. This research aims to reflect the use of SCTs in the COVID-19 period at universities and other organizations. In addition, it identifies differences in the use of SCTs in the intervening years between the SCT 2.0 research and this study. This was ascertained through a literature study, the first brainstorming session, a case study at nine Dutch and five foreign universities and at three other organizations, and finally a second brainstorming session. Based on the outcomes of this research, it can be concluded that since the changes around the COVID-19 virus, existing or new SCTs have contributed to the ‘back-to-campus/office’ phase. This has been achieved through reservation tools for individual study places and/or tools that display crowding indications in the buildings. This has facilitated the monitoring of the number of users in the buildings and the ability to regulate capacity. Recommendations are provided to show campus managers the possibilities around the newly created problem; the "digital towel" in reservations (no-shows). Lastly, the research stresses the importance of quantitative research for further research on this topic.

Construction industry is the biggest waste producer industry in the world. Circular economy introduces methods to increase the recovery of materials’ value by returning them back to construction cycles; as its cornerstone, deconstruction is introduced to eliminate demolition. Design for Deconstruction (DfD) facilitates deconstruction at the end of building's lifetime by designing and planning. Availability of buildings’ information is also vital to achieve DfD goals. BIM is a suitable solution for interoperability of different information through different phases of a building lifetime, and between different participants. However, lack of standards for using BIM hinders its utilization. Desk research and case study provide theoretical and practical input to the research. By investigating the requirements of DfD and the practical issues that hinder the use of BIM, a process map is developed for applying BIM to DfD.

In urban areas, river courses have often been modified to a large extent to meet human needs. This modification has led to a decrease in ecological quality and biodiversity at both local and regional scales. Berlin is an example of a city with substantially modified rivers and decreased biodiversity. Rivers have been modified the most in dense neighborhoods near the city center. There is a need to improve urban river ecosystems in the context of a nationwide and worldwide decrease in biodiversity. The importance of urban green spaces increases for people in cities as well in the context of climate change. However, green spaces and their benefits are not equally distributed throughout the city, with socio-economically disadvantaged people generally having poorer access to green spaces and suffering more from environmental stress factors, such as noise pollution and heat stress. This environmental justice problem can be mitigated by making neighborhoods greener, but open space is often rather limited in the city. Therefore, this graduation project aimed to improve the ecological value of rivers and environmental justice simultaneously with ecological design for existing green spaces. The project focuses on the Panke River, a highly modified river that flows through neighborhoods with a substantial environmental justice problem. Design principles have been formulated based on scientific theory about ecological design and design for equitable green space access. These principles were combined in a design vision for a small area along the Panke River in the district Gesundbrunnen. The resulting design showed that it is possible to significantly improve both the ecological value of river ecosystems and environmental justice with ecological design for existing green spaces. The Panke River can be both an ecological corridor and a green structure that connects neighborhoods. The diverse riverbank landscape with an alternation of ecological and recreational focus areas is a high-quality public green space with improved ecological quality.

An increase in air traffic demand, aging pavement infrastructure, and limited funds make pavement management decision making a difficult process. Pavement management systems (PMS) are essential for pavement management. PAVER, the most common airport pavement management system (APMS) assists pavement managers by identifying the surface condition of pavement sections, however it’s based only on the pavement condition index (Greene, Shahin, & Alexander, 2004). Other criteria are taken into account by pavement managers to select the pavement sections that will be maintained or rehabilitated; however these criteria are not included in PAVER or any APMS. For pavement managers, it is very difficult to select the pavement sections that will be repaired because not all the sections in need of M&R can be selected. This research has focused on developing a pavement management decision making tool to help pavement managers prioritize and identify the sections that need M&R, based not only on PCI but on all relevant criteria needed for airport pavement management. The main research question to be answered in this research is: How can airport pavement management decision making be improved by means of data to identify the pavement sections that need to be maintained or rehabilitated? The chosen methodology to identify pavement sections in need of maintenance is the absolute Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This research has explored the applicability of this methodology for prioritizing pavement sections in airports. Three major airports in Europe have been chosen as case studies for this research: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Brussels Airport, and Heathrow airport. Based on literature research and on these case studies, the required criteria used in airport pavement management for identifying pavement sections to be maintained have been identified. The required data for all criteria has also been identified. Based on all the criteria, the required data, and the AHP methodology, the mentioned tool has been designed. The design of the tool was presented to expert pavement managers to corroborate its applicability before its development. The tool has been developed in Microsoft Excel and its applicability has been illustrated by using partially real data and partially fictitious data. The AHP was successfully implemented allowing pavement managers prioritize large amounts of pavement sections, considering all relevant criteria. This research has revealed that pavement management decision making can be improved by means of data, by the development of tools like the one proposed in this research. It was also shown how big volumes of data can improve pavement management decision making, providing managers relevant information like the remaining structural life of pavement sections. Airports can benefit from this research by reducing the required time for prioritizing pavement sections and selecting those to be maintained or rehabilitated, by minimizing the amount of time spent on projects that will be disregarded, and by strengthening or facilitating the application of predictive maintenance.

Maintenance plays a vital part in the Circular Economy (CE). Repairing, upgrading and restoring façades extends their lifecycle and reduces waste. The European Union and Dutch government have set goals to reach a circular future: in 2050 the built environment must be 100% circular. However, this demands a tremendous change in the current maintenance system. Façades are often maintained for the service life of only 50 years. Therefore, the quality at end-of-life is usually low. Additionally, due to issues in information capture and management, the condition at end-of-life is also challenging to determine. Therefore, façades are discarded as waste, sometimes way before they are at their actual end-of-life. Furthermore, to increase the circular potential of façades, the existing maintenance system requires change. In this research, an investigation is done into how the current maintenance system can be facilitated towards circular maintenance utilizing digital technologies. Inspections on façade defects are currently carried out manually. Afterwards, this information is stored and maintained manually in real estate software. Visual inspections and information systems are prone to human errors. Therefore, a study is done into the automation of the existing maintenance system to facilitate communication between parties. The Digital Twin (DT) is a real-time computer-generated BIM-model of the mother building, using sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) to capture data. Existing detection technologies are compared with detection sensors from literature, like infrared thermography and fibre sensors. The influence of the recommended sensors on the existing maintenance process is determined. The output of this is a new maintenance system using a DT to increase the circularity potential of façades.

Circular economy is gaining global momentum as a new economic system to achieve sustainable development. The built environment plays an important role during the transition to a circular economy. China and the Netherlands share a common basis on enhancing resource efficiency by circular economy, which provides opportunities for mutual learning. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how circular economy is introduced differently in China and the Netherlands, and how circular economy is implemented differently in the built environment.

The purpose of this research is to extend knowledge on adding value to office employees (end users) due to smart technology implementation. The focus of this research document is given to end users since the problem statement emphasises a need of a strategic change in CREM’s activities related to smart technology implementation. The problem statement explains the recognized paradox. On the one hand smart technologies are the components of Smart Office Real Estate which should serve its end users – office employees. On the other hand , it seems that smart technology implementation initiative is a top-down process which causes issues such as peoples’ fear or privacy concerns. The proposed in this research strategic change implies focusing on employee-oriented IoT implementation initiative. The research main question is ‘how can Corporate Real Estate Managers (CREM) shape Internet of Things (IoT) initiative which adds value to office employees?’. The research methodology combines systematic literature review and case study methods. The case study method consists of two parts: in-depth interviewees (incl. appendage) and desk research. The research have an explorative character. The appointed mixed methodology allows to gather information from practice and at the same time ensure its reliability. The research analysis presents a comprehensive process design. The process design framework visualises actors, steps and phases of IoT implementation initiative. Additionally the research addresses implemented within investigated case studies smart technology and its explains its added value. Both findings guide CREM on how to shape an IoT initiative due to: (1) clarifying their role in the comprehensive IoT implementation process and (2) indicating application functionalities and data which CREM should pay attention to in order to add value to office employees. The research findings are highly relevant to the multiple actors, primarily CREM’s practices in current changing RE market.

This report presents my graduation research toward a BOLD-driven method which uses the triangle relationship between the project developer, transportation and Big Open Linked Data in the process of monitoring and implementing ambitions for residential project developments. The research is conducted for my graduation at the Technical University of Delft, within the Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences of the Master Track Management in the Built Environment. It is intriguing how massive the amount of available data and different data sources is nowadays. The amount and, more important, the quality of this data increases rapidly. While big data already seems to be a hot topic for businesses, this data is currently not (often) used or implemented correctly within the built environment. This research shows how (big) data-analytics can influence residential project developments and issues concerning transportation within the city. The key points of the ambitions regarding transportation of the municipality of Amsterdam are ambiguous since it is not clearly stated what the city defines as a solution for the mobility issues. Project development could be useful for implementing the ambitions since project developments change (small) parts of the city. Nonetheless, transportation does not seem to be a very important topic in the development brief. It is furthermore not analysed what impact new developments have on transportation. Therefore a BOLD-driven method is needed to make the transportation issues more tangible. Within this research the main question is stated as follows:How can the triangle relation between project development, transportation and Big Open Linked Data be used in the process of monitoring and implementing ambitions for residential project developments? This research is conducted from the point of view of the project developer. The goal is to give a better understanding of how project developers could make use of the BOLD-driven method in a new residential project development. The answer could stimulate project developers to manage, classify and structure Big Open Linked Data in such a way BOLD can contribute to new projects. This research is an explorative research on the topics of BOLD, transportation and project development.

The building industry is characterized by the creation of organizational silos. These silos are causing frictions and inefficiencies on an operational, financial and managerial level. The following research is approaching these silos within the case of X-Decks, a temporary and circular parking project, and the means of blockchain technology. The thesis is a contribution to the current theoretical and practical research gap on blockchain technology in the built environment and its potential in in an early adoption phase. By targeting traditional structures in the building and parking industry, it is necessary to innovate current means to develop, construct, manage, operate, maintain and reuse parking buildings. An in-depth evaluation of blockchain technology with potential stakeholders of the X-Decks case is used to derive an asset management framework and blockchain prototype that aim to change traditional hierarchical processes into more coequal and transparent ones.

Recently, there is a growing need to address the investment gap in renewable energy by attracting non-institutional investors that have investment preferences better suited for the energy transition. Crowdfinancing is a promising alternative, as it allows for increased innovation, more sustainable development and reduced community risks and is driven by a crowd of small investors that are less profit-driven than professional investors. However, current crowdfinancing models are limited by lack of trust, adverse selection, exclusive corporate governance and lack of liquidity. While extant research has identified these limitations and the potential of blockchain technology to solve some of them, there is a need to design the blockchain-based crowdfinancing mechanisms required and provide a business case for their implementation. The research objective of this practice-oriented design research is to provide a practical plan for the implementation of blockchain-based crowdfinancing for renewable energy projects by means of a design and business case for engineering and consultancy firms as the facilitators of the process in the Netherlands, with the purpose to give a boost to the energy transition. A foundation for the research was provided by making an analysis of the evolution and current state of the Dutch energy market organization based on three cornerstones: market roles, production and financing. This analysis showed a high degree of decentralization in terms of market roles and production from renewables that allowed the emergence of community driven energy cooperatives, while a dependence on centralized financial intermediaries is still present; risky and small projects do not have access to bank financing and existing crowdfinancing platforms charge high brokerage fees and provide no secondary markets. A pilot study based on the same cornerstones and consisting of interviews with relevant market parties was performed in order to supplement the analysis of the market for the formulation of design requirements for the crowdfinancing mechanisms. Qualitative desk research was done on existing smart contract applications that could be utilized to overcome the limitations of crowdfinancing and served as the building blocks for the conceptual designs. Qualitative desk research was also performed in order to quantify the costs and address the (legal) implications of implementing the mechanisms proposed. The result was a practical plan consisting of blockchain-based crowdfinancing mechanisms that reduce brokerage fees and facilitate the organic establishment of secondary markets by making use of existing public blockchain infrastructure, and a positive business case for consultancy and 10 engineering firms to facilitate the process. Smart contracts govern the crowdfinancing process autonomously for low and high risk projects, where with the latter crowdinvestors are given financial control by locking project funds in trustless escrow contracts, thereby allowing them to cut losses in failing projects and thus addressing the issues of lack of trust and exclusive corporate governance, while mitigating the effects of adverse selection. This practical plan provides a tool to further empower the crowd as the fuel for the energy transition, thereby increasing investments in renewables. However, social exclusion might result at first from the intrinsic complexity of blockchain technology and the degree to which a boost can be given to the transition remains unclear due to a lack of consensus on the effectiveness of crowdfinancing to increase support for the bigger projects. There is further research needed into a risk management-based approach for the design of escrow contracts that release funds according to a project planning, while the delegation of control rights to more capable third parties also requires more research. Additionally, the application of decentralized governance beyond financial control requires further examination as well.

Monuments are often not energy efficient, yet improving the energy performance without harming the cultural values is still a complex process. By only conserving a building without making adaptations, a mismatch can arise between the demand of the user and the building. Next to that, using Building Information Modeling (BIM) to assess the suitability of different energy conservation measures on the ground of appearance and effectiveness, is not common in the management of monumental real estate. The aim of this research is to design a BIM-based strategy that supports the creation of a renovation plan for a monument, which increases the energy performance of the building and conserves the cultural values. Therefore, the main research question is: How can the use of BIM support decisions on the optimization of energy performance and cultural value in Dutch national monuments? The result of this research is a BIM-based strategy, which design is based on the outcomes of a literature study, expert interviews and two case studies: Paushuize and Westergasfabriek. Creating a BIM model of a monument and inserting the monumental values and the energetic characteristics of the building components in the model is beneficial for: (1) framing the design space, (2) analyzing the building areas where energy conservation measures are directly applicable and effective, (3) preserving cultural values, (4) managing the renovation design process, (5) creating renovation design options, (6) analyzing the impact of the design options on the cultural values and thermal performance of the building, and (7) supporting decisions on the implementation of a renovation design option.

Despite the importance of the transition between the project and operation phase in Dutch building projects, both literature and practice show that the is in most cases this transition is not proceeding properly. Unstructured and incomplete two-dimensional documents are handed over and are inefficient and ineffective for use during the operation and maintenance of the building. This research investigates in how Building Information Modeling (BIM) can offer support in the improvement of the transition between the project and operation phase. The results show that BIM only working with BIM is not a solution for the issues that relate to the transition between the project and operation phase. BIM is a tool that can provide support but it is not a stand-alone solution for the structural problems in the building industry. If one wants to prevent the issues associated with the transition between to project and operation phase, the information management processes for which BIM is a supportive tool, need to be redesigned.

Information systems are increasingly deployed by healthcare organizations to support decision makers and users of hospitals. As a result, digital twins have recently emerged as an information system with promising application prospects. However, the limited deployment of them leads to the research gap that is addressed by the present research, which aims to answer "how can a digital twin for space use support decision makers and users of hospital real estate" and identify specifications for its development by healthcare organizations. The research approach is conducted by deploying a design science research framework. In this framework, a literature review is carried out first by analyzing academic publications in the topics of hospital real estate management, space use in hospital real estate, digital twins for space use and digital twins for hospital real estate. Then a case study is conducted in a healthcare organization, by analyzing the organizational characteristics, the real estate portfolio, the deployed information systems for space use and the building documentation databases. This is being done through a set of interviews with employees of the organization, together with a documentation analysis. Two lists of design and utilization principles are then extracted from the literature review and the case study analysis. The two sets of principles are utilized for the development of a conceptual design of a display of a digital twin for space use in hospitals. This display is based on a time frame window, a building orientation window, a user profile window, a building visualization window and a performance palettes window. The display is then assessed through evaluation interviews and the comprehensiveness of its design is validated. The interviewees further suggest utilization scenarios that they can perform with a similar tool. It is eventually concluded that a digital twin can be used by different stakeholder perspectives, by providing historical, real time or simulation information at a room, floor, building or campus scale resolution to support operational, tactical and strategic utilization processes. The outcomes of this research can eventually be used by healthcare decision makers in order to develop similar tools.

Projects of re-use of underused infrastructures to design sustainable urban landscape architecture represent a great contribution to meet the need for sustainability cities are experiencing today. Urban administrators often strive for a successful realization of such projects, to give a social and economic power impulse to poorly performant neighbourhoods. In some cases, though, a balance between the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social and economic) is a hard matter to achieve. Indeed, in some occasions, the neighbourhood-boosting role takes over, leading to the establishment of mechanisms that might only partially work from a sustainable viewpoint. Big Open Linked Data (BOLD) methods are offering new opportunities to design decision-making models for urban planning and management. The combination of social media, census, sensors and traditional data gives a new perspective to solve modern urban challenges through a holistic and inclusive approach. Compared to the mere use of traditional sources, BOLD methods rely on a bigger-scale, more accurate, real-time, data set. In this research, BOLD potential is explored to estimate the extent to which it can help solving the described urban issue. Therefore, the research question can be addressed as follows: How can BOLD help city planners and managers determining the real-time and holistic impact on social, environmental and economic dynamics in projects of re-use of obsolete or underused infrastructures? How could these projects enhance sustainable benefits without neglecting the positive economic and social impact for the neighbourhood? An in-depth literature study on public parks and brownfield redevelopments can help setting criteria and variables related to sustainability. For each of these variables, it is established whether a BOLD approach could bring more satisfactory results on a selected case study, the High Line Park, in New York. The final product is a framework that serves as decision-making supportive tool, to assess through BOLD and traditional data combined the way these aspects of sustainability connect to each other in such projects. Finally, the framework is tested and adapted to a case study in Rotterdam, the Hofbogen viaduct redevelopment. This case study in the Netherlands is not only useful to test the validity of the framework built in a different context, but it serves the purpose of solving the main problem concerning this case study: social sustainability. Indeed, the framework is used to improve this aspect thorough the next phases of the redevelopment, defining a frame for both project and neighbourhood assessment and inclusive participatory model for all stakeholders involved.

Humanity is facing large scale environmental challenges emerging from the anthropogenic climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are widely considered to be the main driver of the changing climate. With the built environment currently being accountable for about 40% for our total GHG emissions there is a great urgency to act and change our current consumtion patterns. Whereas new buildings are already mostly able to achieve a high energy efficiency the biggest potential for CO2 reductions lies in retrofitting the existing housing stock. Yet current interventions aimed at retrofitting our built environment often seem to remain below their expectations. Actual solid evidence on their performance is scarce and inaccurate. One reason for the lack of information is seemingly the rather simplified and therfore inadequate approach to generate feedback. In order to provide more accurate evidence and thereby facilitate more effective decision-making this research investigates an alternative approach based on a more holistic thinking and the use of data innovation.

Motivation. As technological developments in the workplace accelerate, workplaces are connecting to a variety of sensors, actuators, and dedicated networks in the Internet of Things (IoT). Sensor data can be collected on aspects of workplace performance and occupants’ behaviors. While the performance of the workplace is evaluated, the validation by facility managers is under-development and dominated by perceptual self-report measurements. In Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) the main instrument used by facility managers is surveys. Due to the properties of the instruments, surveys and other self-report measurements raise concern for the effectiveness of verifications to maintain and improve the performance of the workplace environment. With new ways of working, Activity-Based Working (ABW) is a promising workstyle focused on people, place, and technology, but several performance issues have been identified. Limited studies focus on the application of sensor data, and IoT is only recently recognized to make a significant impact on the validation of the workplace performance by facility managers. Research aim and goal. The main research aim is to explore the application of sensor data for the validation of the ABW performance by facility managers. The research goal is to identify the opportunities and limitations of the current sensor data in an IoT from a Facility Management (FM) perspective. Research method. The exploration of the sensor data is conducted utilizing both research and design in a case study. The case study is a prominent smart building located at Schiphol that has embraced the concept of ABW. In the case study, the available sensor data is collected and explored for opportunities and limitations. Components of an interface are designed from a FM perspective to explore the sensor data structurally in an ABW environment. The exploration of the data is conducted using hypotheses. Three hypotheses are formulated based on performance issues in ABW from literature, and further specified based on the case study. Key findings and conclusion. The exploration of the sensor data illustrated that the role and decision-making process of a facility manager can drastically change within the ABW environment of smart buildings. The facility manager can validate the workplace performance with goals set for each activity. Facility managers can shift from a complaint-driven reactive attitude to a proactive data-driven analytic of the workplace performance. With the sensor data, the facility manager can additionally rely on continuous quantitative and objective data of the workplace performance. The use of both subjective inputs from occupants’ perception in combination with objective sensor data can improve the reliability of the data for more effective verifications in the ABW environment. Nevertheless, the current state of smart buildings is not up to expectations. The sensor data is the critical input in an IoT and lacks on many fronts. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to align the data of the sensors with KPIs from a facility management perspective by (re)considering the functionality of the sensors. To benchmark the sensor data with aspects of employee satisfaction, productivity, and well-being, a consensus is required amongst organizations for the application of sensors with similar output values.