This thesis explores spatial strategies for achieving sustainable industry transition in the dispersed urbanised areas of the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. Since 1978, urbanisation in the GBA has accelerated, significantly expanding beyond metropolitan regions. These dispersed areas, described as the Desakota by Terry McGee, encompass a patchwork landscape of urban and rural settlements, as well as industrial and agricultural lands. However, this region faces pressing issues, including unsustainable industrial activities, fragmented landscapes, inadequate public services, and a loss of identity. The existing urban-rural dichotomy planning system fails to address these challenges, leading to environmental degradation and a decline in quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a regional strategy to explore the potential for sustainable and liveable urbanisation in Desakota. Hence, this thesis adopts the “Netzstadt” concept as a guiding methodology from a regional perspective. It leads to defining Desakota’s spatial and functional nodes and connections, identifying potential elements for sustainable industrial transformation, adapting structural features through reference projects, experimenting with a design project, and proposing an adapted planning system. These assignments yield three significant outcomes. Firstly, the adapted structure plan proposes a decentralised development pattern of Desakota, envisioning a circular and symbiotic industry conversion, repurposing industrial redundancy for metropolitan publicness, and enhancing the green and public network. Secondly, a showcased design project incorporates industrial, open space, and residential elements, proposing a specific spatial morphology and physiological flow. It emphasises the local identity and demonstrates the importance of involving local actors in the transition. Thirdly, a more decentralised and flexible spatial planning system should be employed to materialise the proposed Desakota structure. By implementing these strategies, the desakota of GBA can progress towards a sustainable and liveable future that integrates nature, supports diverse livelihoods and lifestyles, and optimises resource management. This thesis can also provide transferable knowledge to other similar dispersed areas on how the pattern, flow and policy could be synthesised into future urbanisation and contribute to ensuring the sustainable development of society and ecology.

The pond is a low-lying ground intended to retain or detain both stormwater. In the past, building ponds was a common way to keep fresh water for livestock and irrigation. Due to the rapid urban development and the emergence of centralized water conservancy facilities, the traditional ponds have largely disappeared. One of the crucial examples of disappearing ponds is in Taoyuan Tableland, in the North of Taiwan. After economic development and the demographic boom, the number of ponds rapidly declined from 4521in 1904 to 745in 2020. (Yu, 2017) The phenomenon weakens the resilience of cities in the face of extreme weather conditions. When heavy rain comes, covered ponds lose water storage space, resulting in flooding, and when it has not rained for a long time, they can only rely on reservoirs for water supply. Therefore, this project explores the design interventions with landscape architecture, incorporating with the existing ponds, making the city more climate adaptive and enhancing public space quality. Under rapid urbanization, the land use in the Taoyuan area is divided into urban and peri-urban areas. The test area includes the emerging urban area and the surrounding peri-urban areas. The applied design principles are robust, reflective, and flexible. The first principle focuses on integrating a robust pond system as a mediator between drought, too little, and flood, too much water. Reflective aims to ponds in the emerging urban area and the peri-urban area as models and transform traditional characteristics of the pond into four guiding design strategies: topography, hydrology, vegetation, and recreation. The ponds can transform into a pleasant public space through these strategies. Lastly, from a large scale, integrated pond water systems to individual ponds can be flexible to the changing circumstances. Sometimes, the ponds can be full of water, dry, and be a wonderland for people. By reviving the pond system in the urban network, the project's tangible quality is making the city more resilient. On the other hand, the intangible quality gives withering traditional water systems an important role and re-overlap with people's living spaces.

Industrialization and urbanization undoubtedly have brought many places prosperity. However, the fast-speed urbanization process in Asia results in the loss of local identity and flexibility to adapt to the increasing frequency of extreme climate catastrophes. By looking into the beginning of a city, oftentimes water plays a crucial role to initiate a society. However, the trace of water is usually long gone in many urbanized places. Former water systems are now covered with concrete to meet the increasing demand for space. As a result, the intimacy between people and water is rapidly fading away. Nevertheless, water could be the carrier to keep on telling stories of the place, create a sense of place, and abound with the landscape. Through understanding the former irrigation system, Ksôkong Tsùn Irrigation System, in southern Taiwan, this design/research aims to establish landscape architecture design strategies and designs at the local scale to reform people-water relationships to flourish local identity and place attachment. The direction of this project is first to enhance people’s engagement with water by providing good quality public space to initiate an urban, daily, and recreational attachment with water. Therefore, a city’s identity is build up by both the space itself and every individual citizen’s attachment to it. Meanwhile, from designing several locations, a water network is expected to be created to assist the city to become resilient for future challenges.