This paper presents a sub-1V delta-sigma modulator (DSM) with power and bandwidth (BW) scalability for IoT applications. It is built around a fully dynamic and low-voltage floating inverter amplifier (LVFIA). To extend the power and BW scalability of the LVFIA, its relatively supply-independent bias current is auto-controlled by DSM's sampling frequency f_s. Dynamic techniques such as auto-zeroing and chopping are applied to achieve low noise. Fabricated in a 130nm CMOS, the proposed sub-1V DSM shows a near-consistent SNDR (90dB) and linearly scalable power and BW (2.5nW/Hz) over a ×30 scaling range of f_s. It achieves Walden FoM and Schreier FoM of 51.3fJ/conv-step and 175.7dB, respectively.

This paper presents a test structure for a 27 mΩ diffusion current sensing resistor, designed to analyze distortion caused by self-heating in audio power amplifiers. A parallel Kelvin connection minimizes parasitic effects, reducing resistance error to 0.4% and temperature coefficient error to 0.7%. A diode-based temperature sensor array enables accurate measurement of temperature variations, allowing the characterization of HD3 with an inaccuracy of