Transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources is desired by both developed and developing countries due to the environmental concern and rapid technological developments. Governments, consumers, and investors have seen the prospect of Photovoltaic (PV) as a prominent technology to fulfill the electricity demand. For the residential-scale PV system,costs of the PV module(s) and the BoS (Balance-of-System) are usually the issue that discourage the consumers from installing PV system in their households. To tackle this issue, the concept of PV-Battery Integrated Module (PBIM) is developed. The operations of the PBIM are similar with typical operations of PV-battery system, which are controlled by the energy management unit. Energy Management System (EMS) is responsible for ensuring the safety of the electrical components and controlling the system operations to make it efficient. Therefore,implementing the suitable EMS is an integral part of establishing the PBIM system.

This research aims to implement a power flow management for the PBIM system to perform two energy management strategies, namely peak shaving and off-grid self-consumption. To achieve that goal, this research focus on selecting the PBIM system architecture, implementing control system and power flow management, and analyzing PBIM system performance on the applications of peak shaving and off-grid self-consumption strategies. Two case studies are introduced in this thesis, namely off-grid PBIM in Cambodia and grid-connected PBIM in the Netherlands.

The chosen system architecture for the PBIM is the DC couple architecture. The PBIM system consists of one PV module, one unidirectional boost converter to perform MPPT and curtail operation, one bidirectional buck-boost converter to handle charging and discharging operation, an inverter to connect the PBIM with an AC load, and a battery bank. There are seven modes of operation in the PBIM system, which are utilized to perform peak shaving and off-grid self-consumption strategies.

For the off-grid PBIM in Cambodia, a 265Wp module and 8 batteries are used. The PV curtail operation is performed mostly during dry season, due to high irradiance. The LLP during rainy season (4%-7%) is much larger than the LLP during dry season (1%-3%), due to big difference in the irradiance between those two seasons. The total LLP for one year operation is 2.6%.

For the grid-connected PBIM in The Netherlands, a 265Wp module and 8 batteries are also used. The peak shaving is performed in this case, hence the battery is being charged during off-peak hours, and the load is supplied by the grid. During peak-hours, the load is supplied by the PV, battery, and the grid. For one PBIM, the system autarky can only a maximum of 16%, hence multiple PBIMs are required to increase the PBIM system autarky for the grid-connected PBIM in the Netherlands.

Access to electricity still lacks for a fifth of the world's population. Most of the areas are in the remote rural location. Due to the off-grid location, policies, and other social factors, the grid expansion in these areas is not economically viable. Installing Solar Home Systems (SHS) is considered to be a promising immediate solution, given that most of these areas are in the tropical region where it has the highest sun-hours in the world. SHS consists of PV modules for the energy generation, batteries for the energy storage, converters for the energy conversion, and load appliances for the energy consumption. However, its high ambient temperature can potentially harm the SHS in decreasing the performance and shortening the lifetime. The lower performance and lifetime can directly translate to have high capital expenses. Therefore a precise quantification of the performance and the lifetime is essential to all the stakeholders.

This thesis aims to evaluate and quantify the influence of temperature on the performance and the lifetime of SHS. To achieve the research goal, an integrated SHS model is proposed by considering the performance and the aging behavior of both PV modules and the batteries. Two different battery technologies: Li-ion and Lead-acid are involved in the evaluation. Moreover, the analysis was conducted for Sumba Island, Indonesia since it has great solar potential and also the potential market for the SHS. Furthermore, this work presents a comprehensive investigation of temperature impact from the PV module and battery component level to the system level.

Initial system design has been performed in which it requires a 330 Wp PV module, with a tilt and azimuth angle of 11 degrees and 6 degrees respectively, and 960 Wh of batteries to achieve the LLP of 9.5%. The simulation result of the PV component showed clearly that the PV energy yield reduces due to the higher ambient temperature is used. As for the battery, there is a converse behavior concerning the temperature impact in which an increase in temperature gives a positive effect on the capacity and internal resistance in the short term. However, in the long run, it has a severe aging rate.

By combining PV module and battery element in an integrated SHS model, it is shown that it achieves to have a 7.4% lower LLP compared to the initial sizing. However, as the aging plays a part, the LLP increases exponentially over the years and can achieve almost doubled the initial LLP. As the ambient temperature increases, it brings negative impacts for the SHS in terms of the performance and the lifetime. It results to have even higher LLP. A decreasing trend of battery lifetime is observed as the ambient temperature increases. Furthermore, it is seen that the system lifetime is limited by the battery lifetime.

PV-Battery Integrated Module is a concept of integrating all of the components needed in a PV-battery system. While having several advantages compared to the standard system, the configuration of a PBIM also has a drawback. The batteries are attached to the back of the PV module, which could increase the operating temperature of the battery. This could lead to a reduction of the lifetime battery. Other than the drawback, PBIM also has several battery criteria. This thesis aims to do a selection of a battery which shows the least impact to the elevated temperature and could fit into the criteria.Firstly, a literature study is performed to select the battery candidates. The battery is expected to have a high energy density, adequate surface area, high lifetime, relatively low price, and good safety. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) are chosen as the battery candidates as they fit into the criteria.Secondly, a series of modeling are performed. The models are designed to understand the effect of PBIM to the lifetime of the battery and also expected to support the battery candidates selection. Moreover, the modeling is used to design a lifetime battery testing. The models consist of a PV model and battery models. The PV model results in power generation profile in a selected location with a specific load. The battery modeling is divided into three parts, electrical, thermal, and lifetime modeling. An integration of the PV and the battery models is done to simulate a PBIM. With this integrated model, lithium-ion is proven to have a superior lifetime compared to other batteries.Thirdly, a lifetime battery testing is designed with the help of the integrated model. The battery testing replicates the actual working conditions of a PBIM. The battery testing is performed in two constant temperatures with two different current profiles. The current profiles represent higher and lower C-rates, and used to examine the effect of different C-rates on a battery lifetime. The constant temperatures are chosen to study the battery safety and lifetime performance in normal and elevated temperatures. Based on this designed battery testing, LFP cells have longer lifetime than the LCO cells. Therefore, LFP is chosen as the more suitable battery technology for PBIM.