Although some of the human senses can nowadays be replaced by low-cost electronic sensors such as microphones and image sensors, a compact low-cost electronic nose (E-nose) remains elusive. In this work, an E-nose is presented that can capacitively detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The E-nose consists of an array of 1024 capacitive microelectrodes on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip, functionalized by inkjet printing. The pixels are coated with a UV-curable ink and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs: ZIF-8, MIL-101(Cr), MIL-140A) to create chemically diverse microdomains that generate gas-specific response patterns through adsorption-driven dielectric loading. ZIF-8 exhibits the highest response to 2-butanone, whereas the UV-curable layer responds most strongly to toluene; both show low cross-sensitivity to water vapor, enabling operation under humid conditions. After calibration in pure gases, reproducible responses to controlled binary mixtures of toluene and 2-butanone are observed. The device operates at low power, combines a large 1024-pixel array with CMOS integration, and offers application-specific functionalization by inkjet printing, providing both low cost and versatility. By further extending the range of functionalization materials, the E-nose can be applied to analyze a wide variety of gases, with potential applications in safety monitoring, health, agriculture, and robotics.

In this paper, we present an equivalent circuit model that integrates a living myocardial slice (LMS) cultured on a microelectrode array (MEA) to effectively simulates a heart-on-a-chip (HoC) within Electronic Design Automation (EDA) software. The cardiac fiber model consists of cardiomyocytes interconnected by gap junctions to simulate the action potential (AP) conduction in the longitudinal direction. We systematically explored several parameters, including gap junction resistors, seal resistors, and electrode diameters, to assess their effects on local field potential (LFP). The model accuracy was validated through in vitro experiments using mouse LMS, confirming its potential for guiding HoC design in cardiac research.

We present new experimental evidence and extensive numerical simulations of a few distinct fingerprints generated by dielectric and conductive microparticles in electrolyte environment on the capacitance spectra of nanoelectrode array sensors. Finite element simulations in good agreement with measurements allow us to identify unambiguously the physical origin of these features, and to illustrate their dependence on the system's geometrical and physical properties. In particular, we show that conductive particles induce a response with complex space and frequency dependencies, caused by the formation of an AC electrical double layer at the particle surface, and its interaction with the working and counter electrodes in the array. Furthermore, we highlight features that could lead to false-negative detection events in sensing applications. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by experiments on a state of the art CMOS pixelated nanocapacitor biosensor platform.