Humans have always populated in the vicinity of river systems, where thesupply of water, nourishment and transportation is obtained from the river.However, inundation is a re-occurring problem and impact of floods are ex-pected to increase due to climate change. Accurate flood forecasting andearly warning is critical for disaster risk management. Tackling the problemof forecasting, in data scarce environments, has become increasingly impor-tant due to the changing climate. Remotely sensed river monitoring can bean effective, systematic and time-efficient technique to monitor and forecastextreme floods. Conventional flood forecasting systems require extensivedata inputs and software to model floods. Moreover, most models rely ondischarge data, which is not always available and is less accurate in a over-bank flow situations. There is a need for an alternative method which de-tects riverine inundation, using open-source data and software. This thesisaims to research the use of passive microwave radiometry for the detection,classification and forecasting of inundation.Brightness temperatures are extracted from the passive microwave radiom-etry and are converted in a discharge estimator: the C/M-ratio. Surfacewater has a low emission, thus let the C/M-ratio increase as the surfacewater percentage in the pixel increases. Sharp increases are observed forover-bank flow conditions. The research combines the identification of in-undation with a probability analysis via a quantile regressional fit. Floodforecasts can be obtained from an upstream catchment area. In the mostideal situation with a delay of2,5hours. This allows for probabilistic earlywarning decision making, with a lead time up to14days. (location specific)Strong Spearmans correlation coefficients between the discharge and C/M-ratio are found (>0.883). Allowing the model to forecast floods as gaugeddischarge records do. The model used has a comparable skill to the localGloFas forecast. This research investigated the impact the remote sensedtechnology could have on the flood forecast, response and warning system.An added model to an Early Action Protocol has the ability to lower uncer-tainty within decision making and enlarges the intervention window. Theadvice is to use such a model in combination with other forecasting modelssuch as GloFas.The challenge using this technology is the integration of hydrological com-plexity. The method allows for automated, global-covered creation of gridbased flood forecasts, independent to cloud coverage. Creating low spatialresolution flood forecasts combined with a probability bound in hours aftersatellite detection. The method has a high potential for data scarce flood-prone river basins around the world. The future for this technology lies inthe global daily availability of the data. With satellite sensors improving,spatial resolution is expected to increase. Allowing for even better floodforecasting ability. ... Read more

The goal of this study is to examine the feasibility of this solution, from a water quality and hydraulic point of view. Firstly, the current state of the three water bodies was investigated and a stakeholder analysis was conducted to look into the social and political context. Secondly, the effect of the solution on the water quality in the WL and TLR was researched. The most important water quality parameters were qualitatively discussed and after that, the quantitatively changes in the WL were modelled. A convection-diffusion model was set up for different parameter concentrations in R. The initial parameter concentrations were gathered by field measurements and extensive online research. The water quality assessment shows that the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations in the RR have a better value than in the WL. The model itself shows for every parameter that after 100 days of mixing the water is not completely mixed in the WL. The water in the TLR is flushed with WL water and its quality is therefore more or less equal to WL water. It is concluded that the proposed solution improves the water quality in the WL and the TLR. However, long and frequent mixing is necessary for the WL water to reach the RR water quality level. Thirdly, a hydraulic analysis was carried out by investigating the hydrological and geometrical characteristics of the three water bodies. Thereafter, the hydraulic impact was examined by comparing six different flushing scenarios.The flow, water depth and sediment transport rates for different time intervals were modelled in R over the distance of the TLR. A Multi Criteria Analysis was done to interpret the results on the consequences in the TLR. The outcome of the optimum scenario is when the gate has an opening height of 5%. The total transported sediment volume is significantly larger in this scenario, which is beneficial. From a hydraulic perspective the proposed solution is feasible for all water bodies. However, more extensive research on for example the impact on the hydraulics in the TLR is needed to get more conclusive results. As a spin-off, our project (co-)developed educational tools that can be used within the HUNRE curriculum and as awareness raising activities in Hanoi with citizens, schools and the like. Fieldwork with Vietnamese students was conducted to start with building a data base on water quality of the water bodies in Hanoi. The tools that are created are manuals, instruction videos and an introduction lecture. Furthermore, the database, that is built, can be extended with more fieldwork in the future. The extent to which the educational tools and the database integrate in the study program of HUNRE remains unsure, however the awareness among Vietnamese students on the importance of water quality has increased. Furthermore, the OKP project strives to realize the integration of the educational tools in the future. Therefore, this research objective is expected to be achieved. ... Read more