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J.J. de Boer
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This concluding chapter reflects on the future of integrated infrastructure design, emphasising the need to move beyond sectoral approaches towards more interdisciplinary, adaptive and context-sensitive strategies. It highlights the importance of integrating infrastructure design to create resilient and sustainable urban environments in response to environmental challenges and societal needs. In particular, it highlights a shift from a goal-bound paradigm towards a value-bound paradigm.
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This concluding chapter reflects on the future of integrated infrastructure design, emphasising the need to move beyond sectoral approaches towards more interdisciplinary, adaptive and context-sensitive strategies. It highlights the importance of integrating infrastructure design to create resilient and sustainable urban environments in response to environmental challenges and societal needs. In particular, it highlights a shift from a goal-bound paradigm towards a value-bound paradigm.
Integrated Infrastructure Design Guide
Methods, Techniques, Strategies, Perspectives, Featured Designs
Infrastructure forms the backbone of our society – from roads and railways to waterworks and ports. But that backbone is under strain. Ageing systems, climate change and scarce resources force us to rethink fundamentally how we design, use and value infrastructure.
This Design Guide starts from one urgent question: how can we make infrastructure future-proof in a world of uncertainty? Drawing on years of expertise at the renowned TU Delft, the book introduces an integrated approach in which design, engineering, policy and societal value come together.
Through a wide range of inspiring examples – including the Oosterscheldekering storm surge barrier, the redevelopment of the Delft Spoorzone, the renewal of the Afsluitdijk, the Terneuzen lock and the Dutch-Flemish port system – the book demonstrates how infrastructure can be more than merely a functional system. It becomes a driver of societal value and prosperity, and a strategic instrument that connects quality of life, sustainability and economic development.
This Design Guide offers a clear conceptual framework and a practical methodology to design infrastructure that is not only more efficient, but also more sustainable, inclusive and meaningful. A substantial and indispensable guide for designers, engineers and policymakers committed to shaping the infrastructure and the society of tomorrow. ...
This Design Guide starts from one urgent question: how can we make infrastructure future-proof in a world of uncertainty? Drawing on years of expertise at the renowned TU Delft, the book introduces an integrated approach in which design, engineering, policy and societal value come together.
Through a wide range of inspiring examples – including the Oosterscheldekering storm surge barrier, the redevelopment of the Delft Spoorzone, the renewal of the Afsluitdijk, the Terneuzen lock and the Dutch-Flemish port system – the book demonstrates how infrastructure can be more than merely a functional system. It becomes a driver of societal value and prosperity, and a strategic instrument that connects quality of life, sustainability and economic development.
This Design Guide offers a clear conceptual framework and a practical methodology to design infrastructure that is not only more efficient, but also more sustainable, inclusive and meaningful. A substantial and indispensable guide for designers, engineers and policymakers committed to shaping the infrastructure and the society of tomorrow. ...
Infrastructure forms the backbone of our society – from roads and railways to waterworks and ports. But that backbone is under strain. Ageing systems, climate change and scarce resources force us to rethink fundamentally how we design, use and value infrastructure.
This Design Guide starts from one urgent question: how can we make infrastructure future-proof in a world of uncertainty? Drawing on years of expertise at the renowned TU Delft, the book introduces an integrated approach in which design, engineering, policy and societal value come together.
Through a wide range of inspiring examples – including the Oosterscheldekering storm surge barrier, the redevelopment of the Delft Spoorzone, the renewal of the Afsluitdijk, the Terneuzen lock and the Dutch-Flemish port system – the book demonstrates how infrastructure can be more than merely a functional system. It becomes a driver of societal value and prosperity, and a strategic instrument that connects quality of life, sustainability and economic development.
This Design Guide offers a clear conceptual framework and a practical methodology to design infrastructure that is not only more efficient, but also more sustainable, inclusive and meaningful. A substantial and indispensable guide for designers, engineers and policymakers committed to shaping the infrastructure and the society of tomorrow.
This Design Guide starts from one urgent question: how can we make infrastructure future-proof in a world of uncertainty? Drawing on years of expertise at the renowned TU Delft, the book introduces an integrated approach in which design, engineering, policy and societal value come together.
Through a wide range of inspiring examples – including the Oosterscheldekering storm surge barrier, the redevelopment of the Delft Spoorzone, the renewal of the Afsluitdijk, the Terneuzen lock and the Dutch-Flemish port system – the book demonstrates how infrastructure can be more than merely a functional system. It becomes a driver of societal value and prosperity, and a strategic instrument that connects quality of life, sustainability and economic development.
This Design Guide offers a clear conceptual framework and a practical methodology to design infrastructure that is not only more efficient, but also more sustainable, inclusive and meaningful. A substantial and indispensable guide for designers, engineers and policymakers committed to shaping the infrastructure and the society of tomorrow.
City of the Future
Ten design strategies for one square kilometre in five cities
Book chapter
(2025)
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Marieke Berkers, J.J. de Boer, Ries van de Wouden, Edwin Buitelaar, R. Cavallo, T.A. Daamen, Paul Gerretsen, Maurice Harteveld, J.T. Hinterleitner, F.L. Hooimeijer, H.J. van der Linden
Spatial Design Starts with a Cross Section
The subsurface as a building block for the future-proof city
Research and Education
Education in the context of research and practice
The collaboration between civil engineering and spatial design disciplines specifically encompasses significant challenges, primarily due to differences in vocabulary, starting with the definition of 'design' itself. In the broadest sense, design is described as a method to find common ground in cases where the measures, problems, and goals are still undefined (Van de Ven et al., 2009). However, most civil engineers are trained to use a linear and optimisation approach to solve problems, while most spatial designers adopt a more explorative, research-by-design approach. Each field employs different paradigms and rationales for problem-solving.
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The collaboration between civil engineering and spatial design disciplines specifically encompasses significant challenges, primarily due to differences in vocabulary, starting with the definition of 'design' itself. In the broadest sense, design is described as a method to find common ground in cases where the measures, problems, and goals are still undefined (Van de Ven et al., 2009). However, most civil engineers are trained to use a linear and optimisation approach to solve problems, while most spatial designers adopt a more explorative, research-by-design approach. Each field employs different paradigms and rationales for problem-solving.
City making in times of transition
Sustainable, resilient, inclusive and attractive public spaces as stepping stone for a future-proof built environment
The paper discusses the necessary integrated approaches and design actions aimed at fostering a future-proof built environment through the (re)design, retrofitting, and transformation of public spaces into sustainable, resilient, inclusive, and attractive areas for inhabitants and visitors. It emphasizes the importance of adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change, as well as addressing spatial advantage and quality, social well-being, and ecological balance. Can we leverage climate adaptation and the urge for the energy and mobility transition as catalysts for spatial transformation to benefit inhabitants? Can this lead to improving attractiveness and use of public space within their neighbourhood? Can design thinking, with a focus on societal values, overcome governance’s preoccupation with costs?
The City x Space design study demonstrate that an integrated design approach from different perspectives and disciplines can tackle the multitude of transitions in diverse urban settings, with public space -including its subsurface- playing a pivotal role in improvement or even transformation. Six design cases in different Dutch and Flemish cities, spanning historical, post-war reconstruction, and post-industrial contexts, showcase tailored solutions that contribute significantly to creating a more attractive and inviting future-proof built environment. The combination of a more formal setup, a clear Research-by-Design approach with included assessment criteria, and the involvement of multidisciplinary design teams from practice provides both directions from a policy perspective and freedom from a design viewpoint to explore and envision plausible futures for selected locations.
The main conclusion is that policy makers, architects, urban designers, and landscape architects must deal with new and shifting conditions with a focus on societal, spatial, and ecological values. For policy makers, it is relevant to translate insights from designs produced by Research-by-Design into their policy processes for developing a prospect for action. Both professional practices and education need to foster innovative and interdisciplinary design strategies in a more holistic and integrative approach within their cultural-historical architectural and urban contexts. For both current and future spatial designers, the task -but above all the opportunity- is to position themselves more as integrators and agents of change contributing to a paradigm shift that can drive tangible adaptation and improvement in our living environment at the local scale.
...
The paper discusses the necessary integrated approaches and design actions aimed at fostering a future-proof built environment through the (re)design, retrofitting, and transformation of public spaces into sustainable, resilient, inclusive, and attractive areas for inhabitants and visitors. It emphasizes the importance of adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change, as well as addressing spatial advantage and quality, social well-being, and ecological balance. Can we leverage climate adaptation and the urge for the energy and mobility transition as catalysts for spatial transformation to benefit inhabitants? Can this lead to improving attractiveness and use of public space within their neighbourhood? Can design thinking, with a focus on societal values, overcome governance’s preoccupation with costs?
The City x Space design study demonstrate that an integrated design approach from different perspectives and disciplines can tackle the multitude of transitions in diverse urban settings, with public space -including its subsurface- playing a pivotal role in improvement or even transformation. Six design cases in different Dutch and Flemish cities, spanning historical, post-war reconstruction, and post-industrial contexts, showcase tailored solutions that contribute significantly to creating a more attractive and inviting future-proof built environment. The combination of a more formal setup, a clear Research-by-Design approach with included assessment criteria, and the involvement of multidisciplinary design teams from practice provides both directions from a policy perspective and freedom from a design viewpoint to explore and envision plausible futures for selected locations.
The main conclusion is that policy makers, architects, urban designers, and landscape architects must deal with new and shifting conditions with a focus on societal, spatial, and ecological values. For policy makers, it is relevant to translate insights from designs produced by Research-by-Design into their policy processes for developing a prospect for action. Both professional practices and education need to foster innovative and interdisciplinary design strategies in a more holistic and integrative approach within their cultural-historical architectural and urban contexts. For both current and future spatial designers, the task -but above all the opportunity- is to position themselves more as integrators and agents of change contributing to a paradigm shift that can drive tangible adaptation and improvement in our living environment at the local scale.
City making in times of transition
Sustainable, resilient, inclusive and attractive public spaces as stepping stone for a future-proof built environment
The paper discusses the necessary integrated approaches and design actions aimed at fostering a future-proof built environment through the (re)design, retrofitting, and transformation of public spaces into sustainable, resilient, inclusive, and attractive areas for inhabitants and visitors. It emphasizes the importance of adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change, as well as addressing spatial advantage and quality, social well-being, and ecological balance. Can we leverage climate adaptation and the urge for the energy and mobility transition as catalysts for spatial transformation to benefit inhabitants? Can this lead to improving attractiveness and use of public space within their neighbourhood? Can design thinking, with a focus on societal values, overcome governance’s preoccupation with costs?
The City x Space design study demonstrate that an integrated design approach from different perspectives and disciplines can tackle the multitude of transitions in diverse urban settings, with public space -including its subsurface- playing a pivotal role in improvement or even transformation. Six design cases in different Dutch and Flemish cities, spanning historical, post-war reconstruction, and post-industrial contexts, showcase tailored solutions that contribute significantly to creating a more attractive and inviting future-proof built environment. The combination of a more formal setup, a clear Research-by-Design approach with included assessment criteria, and the involvement of multidisciplinary design teams from practice provides both directions from a policy perspective and freedom from a design viewpoint to explore and envision plausible futures for selected locations.
The main conclusion is that policy makers, architects, urban designers, and landscape architects must deal with new and shifting conditions with a focus on societal, spatial, and ecological values. For policy makers, it is relevant to translate insights from designs produced by Research-by-Design into their policy processes for developing a prospect for action. Both professional practices and education need to foster innovative and interdisciplinary design strategies in a more holistic and integrative approach within their cultural-historical architectural and urban contexts. For both current and future spatial designers, the task -but above all the opportunity- is to position themselves more as integrators and agents of change contributing to a paradigm shift that can drive tangible adaptation and improvement in our living environment at the local scale. ...
The City x Space design study demonstrate that an integrated design approach from different perspectives and disciplines can tackle the multitude of transitions in diverse urban settings, with public space -including its subsurface- playing a pivotal role in improvement or even transformation. Six design cases in different Dutch and Flemish cities, spanning historical, post-war reconstruction, and post-industrial contexts, showcase tailored solutions that contribute significantly to creating a more attractive and inviting future-proof built environment. The combination of a more formal setup, a clear Research-by-Design approach with included assessment criteria, and the involvement of multidisciplinary design teams from practice provides both directions from a policy perspective and freedom from a design viewpoint to explore and envision plausible futures for selected locations.
The main conclusion is that policy makers, architects, urban designers, and landscape architects must deal with new and shifting conditions with a focus on societal, spatial, and ecological values. For policy makers, it is relevant to translate insights from designs produced by Research-by-Design into their policy processes for developing a prospect for action. Both professional practices and education need to foster innovative and interdisciplinary design strategies in a more holistic and integrative approach within their cultural-historical architectural and urban contexts. For both current and future spatial designers, the task -but above all the opportunity- is to position themselves more as integrators and agents of change contributing to a paradigm shift that can drive tangible adaptation and improvement in our living environment at the local scale. ...
The paper discusses the necessary integrated approaches and design actions aimed at fostering a future-proof built environment through the (re)design, retrofitting, and transformation of public spaces into sustainable, resilient, inclusive, and attractive areas for inhabitants and visitors. It emphasizes the importance of adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change, as well as addressing spatial advantage and quality, social well-being, and ecological balance. Can we leverage climate adaptation and the urge for the energy and mobility transition as catalysts for spatial transformation to benefit inhabitants? Can this lead to improving attractiveness and use of public space within their neighbourhood? Can design thinking, with a focus on societal values, overcome governance’s preoccupation with costs?
The City x Space design study demonstrate that an integrated design approach from different perspectives and disciplines can tackle the multitude of transitions in diverse urban settings, with public space -including its subsurface- playing a pivotal role in improvement or even transformation. Six design cases in different Dutch and Flemish cities, spanning historical, post-war reconstruction, and post-industrial contexts, showcase tailored solutions that contribute significantly to creating a more attractive and inviting future-proof built environment. The combination of a more formal setup, a clear Research-by-Design approach with included assessment criteria, and the involvement of multidisciplinary design teams from practice provides both directions from a policy perspective and freedom from a design viewpoint to explore and envision plausible futures for selected locations.
The main conclusion is that policy makers, architects, urban designers, and landscape architects must deal with new and shifting conditions with a focus on societal, spatial, and ecological values. For policy makers, it is relevant to translate insights from designs produced by Research-by-Design into their policy processes for developing a prospect for action. Both professional practices and education need to foster innovative and interdisciplinary design strategies in a more holistic and integrative approach within their cultural-historical architectural and urban contexts. For both current and future spatial designers, the task -but above all the opportunity- is to position themselves more as integrators and agents of change contributing to a paradigm shift that can drive tangible adaptation and improvement in our living environment at the local scale.
The City x Space design study demonstrate that an integrated design approach from different perspectives and disciplines can tackle the multitude of transitions in diverse urban settings, with public space -including its subsurface- playing a pivotal role in improvement or even transformation. Six design cases in different Dutch and Flemish cities, spanning historical, post-war reconstruction, and post-industrial contexts, showcase tailored solutions that contribute significantly to creating a more attractive and inviting future-proof built environment. The combination of a more formal setup, a clear Research-by-Design approach with included assessment criteria, and the involvement of multidisciplinary design teams from practice provides both directions from a policy perspective and freedom from a design viewpoint to explore and envision plausible futures for selected locations.
The main conclusion is that policy makers, architects, urban designers, and landscape architects must deal with new and shifting conditions with a focus on societal, spatial, and ecological values. For policy makers, it is relevant to translate insights from designs produced by Research-by-Design into their policy processes for developing a prospect for action. Both professional practices and education need to foster innovative and interdisciplinary design strategies in a more holistic and integrative approach within their cultural-historical architectural and urban contexts. For both current and future spatial designers, the task -but above all the opportunity- is to position themselves more as integrators and agents of change contributing to a paradigm shift that can drive tangible adaptation and improvement in our living environment at the local scale.
Embracing multi-functionality in European infrastructure projects
A system of systems perspective
Journal article
(2024)
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Johan Ninan, Yirang Lim, Hans de Boer, Ossi Pesamaa, Maarten Van Acker, Eva Schwab, Johannes Bernsteiner, Peter Soderholm, Marcel Hertogh
Infrastructure projects undergo multiple changes throughout their lifecycle, adapting to new mobilities, technologies and environments. We build on the System of Systems (SoS) theoretical concept to understand the implications of such infrastructure transformations, specifically when projects move from a single purpose to hosting multiple functions. Using multiple case studies in Europe, we investigate which functions will likely be added to the original infrastructure and the rationale for adding these functions. Therefore, we expand upon the theoretical concepts of circularity, resilience, and social sustainability, wherein multifunctional infrastructure adapts, renews, and complements existing infrastructure.
...
Infrastructure projects undergo multiple changes throughout their lifecycle, adapting to new mobilities, technologies and environments. We build on the System of Systems (SoS) theoretical concept to understand the implications of such infrastructure transformations, specifically when projects move from a single purpose to hosting multiple functions. Using multiple case studies in Europe, we investigate which functions will likely be added to the original infrastructure and the rationale for adding these functions. Therefore, we expand upon the theoretical concepts of circularity, resilience, and social sustainability, wherein multifunctional infrastructure adapts, renews, and complements existing infrastructure.
Moving from single to multi-functional infrastructure
Insights from European cases
Conference paper
(2023)
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Johan Ninan, Marcel Hertogh, Yirang Lim, Hans de Boer, Ossi Pesamaa, Maarten Van Acker, Eva Schwab, Raf Ilsbroekx, Johannes Bernsteiner
Complexe wereld vraagt om een integrale ontwerpaanpak
Ontwerpen als integrerende competentie binnen het ruimtelijke- en infrastructuurdomein voor onderwijs en praktijk
Een integrerend systeemperspectief wordt als tegenkracht geplaatst tegenover de gebruikelijke bestuurlijke en sectorale structuren die een oorsprong hebben in taakverdeling, specialisatie en verdeling van bevoegdheden en verantwoordelijkheden. In het integrerende perspectief wordt ontwerpen aan de ene kant wordt opgevat als een creërende activiteit gericht op een oplossing voor een probleem en aan de andere kant als een onderzoekende activiteit voor toekomstverkenning en strategieontwikkeling. In de laatste betekenis speelt het ontwerpen meer een rol aan de voorkant van ruimtelijke opgaven, waarbij er nog geen heldere probleemdefinitie is, er sprake is van een onduidelijke oplossingsrichting, er geen inzicht is in de systeemimpact (ruimtelijk, technisch, sociaal) en waarbij de positie van stakeholders nog niet in beton is gegoten. Deze rol vervult het niet alleen vanwege de onzekerheden, maar ook vanwege het bieden van een open vizier voor kansen en mogelijkheden tijdens de verkenning. Inzichten worden gedeeld vanuit de ervaring met het ontwerponderwijs en het hieraan gerelateerde onderzoek en vanuit de verschillende ontwerpstudies die in samenwerking met uiteenlopende maatschappelijke actoren zijn geïnitieerd en uitgevoerd. Daaraan voorafgaand wordt een meer theoretisch kader geschetst, waarna de ontwikkeling en de toepassing binnen het onderwijs en onderzoek wordt beschreven.
...
Een integrerend systeemperspectief wordt als tegenkracht geplaatst tegenover de gebruikelijke bestuurlijke en sectorale structuren die een oorsprong hebben in taakverdeling, specialisatie en verdeling van bevoegdheden en verantwoordelijkheden. In het integrerende perspectief wordt ontwerpen aan de ene kant wordt opgevat als een creërende activiteit gericht op een oplossing voor een probleem en aan de andere kant als een onderzoekende activiteit voor toekomstverkenning en strategieontwikkeling. In de laatste betekenis speelt het ontwerpen meer een rol aan de voorkant van ruimtelijke opgaven, waarbij er nog geen heldere probleemdefinitie is, er sprake is van een onduidelijke oplossingsrichting, er geen inzicht is in de systeemimpact (ruimtelijk, technisch, sociaal) en waarbij de positie van stakeholders nog niet in beton is gegoten. Deze rol vervult het niet alleen vanwege de onzekerheden, maar ook vanwege het bieden van een open vizier voor kansen en mogelijkheden tijdens de verkenning. Inzichten worden gedeeld vanuit de ervaring met het ontwerponderwijs en het hieraan gerelateerde onderzoek en vanuit de verschillende ontwerpstudies die in samenwerking met uiteenlopende maatschappelijke actoren zijn geïnitieerd en uitgevoerd. Daaraan voorafgaand wordt een meer theoretisch kader geschetst, waarna de ontwikkeling en de toepassing binnen het onderwijs en onderzoek wordt beschreven.
Stad van de Toekomst
Tien ontwerpvisies voor vijf locaties, verbeelding voor een vierkante kilometer stad
Book
(2019)
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T.A. Daamen, H.J. van der Linden, M.G.A.D. Harteveld, R. Cavallo, F.L. Hooimeijer, Edwin Buitenlaar, Ries van de Wouden, Marieke Berkers, J.J. de Boer, Jutta Hinterleitner, Paul Gerretsen, Raymond Linssen
The design study The City of the Future addresses the major challenges that our cities are facing. Ten teams of professionals from a broad range of disciplines conducted research by design into a square kilometre of one of the five largest cities in the Netherlands - Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, and Eindhoven. Their outcome is inspiring visualization and concrete prospects for action suggest ways in which the major transitions of our time can play out in our cities. They show a city of the future thet is climate-proof, energy-, and mobility-smart, thet stimulates encounter and is a pleasant place to live and work for everyone.
'The City of the Future: Ten Design Strategies for Five Locations' presents the results of the study in word and images. The work of teams is accompanied by articles and interviews with those involved in The City of the Future project. It is supplemented with work by students from Delft University of Technology. The study shows the city of the future through the eyes of designers and offers challenging views that we can start working with today. ...
'The City of the Future: Ten Design Strategies for Five Locations' presents the results of the study in word and images. The work of teams is accompanied by articles and interviews with those involved in The City of the Future project. It is supplemented with work by students from Delft University of Technology. The study shows the city of the future through the eyes of designers and offers challenging views that we can start working with today. ...
The design study The City of the Future addresses the major challenges that our cities are facing. Ten teams of professionals from a broad range of disciplines conducted research by design into a square kilometre of one of the five largest cities in the Netherlands - Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, and Eindhoven. Their outcome is inspiring visualization and concrete prospects for action suggest ways in which the major transitions of our time can play out in our cities. They show a city of the future thet is climate-proof, energy-, and mobility-smart, thet stimulates encounter and is a pleasant place to live and work for everyone.
'The City of the Future: Ten Design Strategies for Five Locations' presents the results of the study in word and images. The work of teams is accompanied by articles and interviews with those involved in The City of the Future project. It is supplemented with work by students from Delft University of Technology. The study shows the city of the future through the eyes of designers and offers challenging views that we can start working with today.
'The City of the Future: Ten Design Strategies for Five Locations' presents the results of the study in word and images. The work of teams is accompanied by articles and interviews with those involved in The City of the Future project. It is supplemented with work by students from Delft University of Technology. The study shows the city of the future through the eyes of designers and offers challenging views that we can start working with today.