Urban expansion and development are normally guided by road infrastructure. Such road-oriented development ignores the profits that landscape could bring and it breaks the integrity of natural layer.The thesis researches on how to use landscape (as infrastructure) to “integrate” and guide the future urban development. Integration by landscape needs a deep understanding of different flows in the dynamic landscape layers instead of just human flows.The thesis aims at exploring how to uses landscape structure as a framework to guide urban development, and thus achieve natural, social and economics co-prosperity.

Several areas in the Netherlands are considered vulnerable. These areas have poor livability and safety. Creating safe space is about improving the perceived safety and livability in neighborhoods by designing spatial interventions. One of these vulnerable areas is Rotterdam South. In Rotterdam South, Hillesluis is perceived by the inhabitants as the most unsafe and has low livability. The following research question is guiding this thesis: ‘‘How can the perceived livability and safety in Hillesluis be improved by designing spatial interventions?’’ In many cases, improving vulnerable neighborhoods involves gentrification; lower-income people are driven out of the neighborhood by higher-income classes. The goal of this thesis is to find a solution to improve the perceived livability and safety of Hillesluis without gentrification. To achieve this, the resident’s perspective will be used. Being in contact with residents reveals the negative and positive aspects of the neighborhood. In addition, locations in the neighborhood will emerge that need improvement because here livability or safety is poor. To improve the safety and livability of a neighborhood, there are six important principles. These principles are social cohesion, attractivity, connectivity, accessibility, visibility, and territoriality. The pattern language method will provide a set of interventions related to these principles. These patterns were applied to the locations in need of improvement. The patterns used in this thesis are summarized in an accompanying pattern atlas, which can be used as a toolbox for improving safety and livability in neighborhoods. This thesis sought to improve perceived safety and livability in Hillesluis by creating spatial designs for 5 locations. These locations were obtained by conducting a survey among residents of the neighborhood and making a spatial analysis.

Finding Common Grounds: Adapting Heritage meaning in Socially Diverse Couperusbuurt is a renewalproject of Amsterdam’s Western Garden Cities neighbourhood. Western Garden Cities Amsterdam orWestelijke Tuinsteden is a post-war neighbourhood considered heritage by the Municipality of Amsterdam.Currently, Westelijke Tuinsteden of Couperusbuurt fails to provide a liveable built environment forits residents. Its heritage status causes the neighbourhood to be alienated from development which ledthe neighbourhood to be outdated to the current needs. In contrast, the neighbourhood’s heritage form isalso vulnerable due to the municipality’s densification agenda. Simultaneously, some residents in Couperusbuurtare vulnerable socio-economic groups, contributing to social segregation issues in Amsterdam.This situation has pushed them out of social comfort and spatial comfort due to their dissatisfaction withtheir neighbourhoods. This research aims to identify the heritage importance of Westelijke Tuinsteden,integrate it with the spatial planning & development of Couperusbuurt and translate it into possible designelements to achieve socio-spatial cohesion and a liveable Couperusbuurt.The methods used in identifying heritage are built upon theoretical studies that indicate the dynamic approachto heritage, which means that heritage value is not limited to its form. Thus, heritage has a flexiblelayer that could be integrated into the future redevelopment as long as it could transfer the initial value ormeaning. The investigation found that the heritage value in Couperusbuurt is collectivity through community.Then, in integrating it with planning, the collectivity value is translated into spatial and social planningstrategy which are community-driven spatial strategy and participatory planning. Later, these strategies areelaborated into design exploration process.The design exploration in this research is done through scenario design. Design by scenario is beneficial tovisualise extreme possibilities, accommodating different needs from different stakeholders, and as a toolof participatory planning. In doing so, there are two design scenarios which are centralised collectivity anddistributed collectivity. Each scenario shares the common ground value that is collectivity as the heritageimportance for the neighbourhood’s renewal.The output of this project will be used as a material for the ongoing Couperusbuurt’s renewal projectwhich is conducted by the Municipality of Amsterdam and Housing Corporation, Stadgenoot.

With the progressing housing shortage, there is a need for affordable and accessible housing to accommodate the vulnerable population whose number steadily increases every year. Post-socialist urban residential neighbourhoods, an outdated and neglected but culturally and sentimentally significant typology, has the potential to become a solution for this. If regenerated in a considerate way, those have the potential to become not only areas offering affordable housing and comfortable living conditions for the vulnerable population, but places which feel like home and provide the support to help the residents become less vulnerable and grow further socially and financially. Informed urban regeneration of the public spaces of post-socialist urban residential neighbourhoods with focus on the accumulation of social capital would accommodate the need for both housing and community, while helping the neglected typology become a place that truly feels like home and a place to belong. Essentially, the goal of the project is to argue that having a home is not only about ownership, because the notion of “home” goes beyond that: home is also our social capital, and the possibility to create or maintain social capital needs to be facilitated accordingly in urban residential neighbourhoods.

Aim: This research focuses on aims to explore the concept of shared leadership in integrated design teams in the construction branch. The exploration is conducted by addressing the question of whether leadership styles and tasks are solely performed by the project manager of a design team, or whether leadership styles and tasks are also performed by other team member of the design team. The intention is to increase understanding of the interrelatedness of tasks, leadership style and communication using an inductive approach. Research question: What are the main tasks that need to be addressed in project teams with Shared Leadership and is the way a task was performed dependent on certain leadership styles? Methodology: The concept is explored by using a comparative case study design. Two case studies were executed to collect data. First, the team members and the project manager were interviewed by using a semi-structured interview at the beginning of the research. Second, an observational study is done by observing the design team meetings to identify which members are contributing to shared leadership and could there be tasks and roles recognized on the basis of their behaviour and communication flow. Third, the team members and the project managers were asked to fill in a questionnaire, which are used to understand the interpersonal side of team collaboration. Findings: Shared leadership can be measured by making observations and applying communication labels as developed during the research. There is not a relationship to be recognized between the formal role of a person and the shown behaviour. Furthermore, Shared leadership is dynamic as it is not linked to specific leadership styles. Furthermore, a new definition of shared leadership appeared from this study: Shared leadership consists of multiple dynamic leadership behaviours to maximize team effectiveness. Limitations of the research: Qualitative research is always subject to bias due to the interpretation of the qualitative information. Subsequently, the modest number of samples that is investigated in this research are not intended to adequately represent the behaviour and communication flow. To date, this is among the first observational studies to result in an inductive result. Practical implications: This research raises awareness on the concept of shared leadership and how this is outlined in corresponding tasks. This research recommends to train the project managers in a way where there is an increased focus on the people-oriented approach. Furthermore, reflections on the collaboration process should be built in the standard project checks every month. Scientific relevance: This research tries to make an addition to the current literature about shared leadership. By introducing specific communicative qualities and link these to tasks performed in teams with shared leadership. Originality/value: Limited literature is available on the practical implication of shared leadership; this research increases the insight of this concept.

Although not widely known, The Hague emerged as one of the most impaired cities in the Netherlands after World War II (Mellink, Saal & Van Schuppen, 2017). Bombings on Statenkwartier and Bezuidenhout left part of the city in ashes (Van Der Boom, 1995; Verbaan, 2011), but also the construction of the Atlantikwall left its marks on the urban tissue. The remnants of the Atlantikwall in the dune landscape form permanent scars that recall a memory of war, oppression and its consequences. Therefore, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of valuing this sensitive heritage. However, within the city most has disappeared. The lack of presence and the portrayal of solely military bases may have diverted attention from the human aspect of the Atlantikwall. Though, the impact of the Atlantikwall on the public space in The Hague is often greater than people think. In The Hague, 35,000 houses have been demolished from Kijkduin to Benoordenhout to make place for walls, tank ditches, bunkers or dragon’s teeth. This defensive fortress was a total of 26 kilometers long. 145,000 residents, about thirty percent of the population, were forced to move elsewhere: within The Hague, in the province or even beyond. The area that was excavated and occupied by the Germans, left its mark on the public space and had an immense impact on the residents of The Hague at that time. Consequently, an elongated visible scar is left in the urban fabric of The Hague. When commemorating World War II, we reminisce about stories of Operation Market Garden, the bombings on Rotterdam or other events. However, the woundedness and events in The Hague, via the construction of the Atlantikwall, is a story that is often forgotten. Sense of place, together with local communities, increases the attractiveness of and quality of urban life. Sense of place can magnify the unique values of nature, culture, (sensitive) history and landscape. It can make things tangible for a large audience and gives impetus to reconcile. The perception of citizens’ sense of place is influenced by the urban environment and its organisation. These urban external stimuli have significant influence on the well-being and mental health of residents (Gehl, 2022). The challenge lies within maintaining development and harmony with a healthy environment. Wellbeing, mental health and dealing with (intergenerational) trauma has become a significant challenge in society. Healing is not solely defined on the individual level, but also on the community and its environment. To meet reconciliation within the landscape, cultural resources can provide pathways to healing. Exploration and development are a potential to come up with new strategies and to mitigate wellbeing and mental health, among them are cultural, social and environmental strategies (Darvill et al., 2019). A component of healing through cultural strategies is the integration of narratives of heritage, creating a sense of community and sharing connection (via the past). Parallel to the increased differences in the meaning and significance of this heritage, the primacy of the official heritage institutions has been challenged in recent years by bottom-up initiatives. The trend towards ever-increasing citizen participation, resulting in co-creation, is also evident in the heritage world. All these initiatives come from non-governmental foundations, associations and individuals, and have a major impact on the management, (re)design and perception of the historic living environment. The knowledge to successfully cooperate with this development has not yet been brought to a generally applicable level. As a result, the appropriate working method and role perception for heritage experts, more just initiatives for residents and designers have not yet sufficiently crystallised to strengthen the spatial quality.

People across the world, identifying beyond the binary notion of gender and sexuality are often limited to freely access and appropriate the city and feel a sense of belonging. A general problem is that notions about gender are strongly embedded within the design of the built environment. To be specific: gender relations in public space are normatively coded as masculine and heterosexual. Whereas masculinity is understood as a man who is dominant and refuses to acknowledge vulnerability. The multitude of masculinities are mostly subordinate in the patriarchal urban environment as well. The largely residential neighbourhood Gaasperdam in Amsterdam’s South-East will be studied in greater depth to address and illustrate the spatial consequences. To be more specific, this thesis expands on the following research question: How can we reshape heteronormative spaces in Gaasperdam to facilitate legitimacy to diverse masculine identities? To answer this question, a research-by-design approach is used to identify the challenges at hand and propose various spatial design interventions. In addition, the use of personas is critical for imagining and addressing different demands and appropriations of space. This research made clear how the current built environment of Gaasperdam does not facilitate interactions between different masculinities, while these are very essential. Therefore, this thesis proposes to increase the diversity of public spaces in Gaasperdam, which safeguards individual needs. Secondly, more space for collective use should be developed which allows diverse masculinities to interact. The insights of this thesis are valuable to research fields which focus on spatial issues, such as urban design, urban planning, and architecture since it offers design principles to reshape our built environment to include diverse gender identities.

Gender is a highly context-specific social construct. It explores the social relationships between men and women, a relationship in which women have been systematically subordinated (Oakley 1972). The way gender relations are defined broadly influence the conceptualisation of space and place. In a patriarchy like India, where gender inequality is deeply rooted in its culture and history, this disparity lends itself to the realm of space-making as well. Even though women account for almost half of India’s population, they are still considered vulnerable and marginalised. They still have difficulty fostering an amicable relationship with the public realm which was predominantly created by and served for men. They are met with hostility, cultural taboos, violence and an exclusionary environment that doesn’t account for or recognise their complex needs. The graduation project, ‘Loiter city’ explores the spatial dimension of gender inequalities that result in the economic marginalisation and socio-spatial segregation of women. It examines socially constructed behaviour patterns, relationships between women and the built environment. It deals with the inequalities between gender and focuses on the spatial dimension of this inequality trying to locate socio-spatial justice through an Indian perspective. The framework of the project is constructed using Peter Marcuse’s Critical planning theory. By reviewing an extensive volume of academic research and literature on gender studies, the foundation of the project is developed. The project analyses the notions of gendered exclusions and citizenship and what it means for women to have the same legitimacy as men in the public realm. A transdisciplinary methodology is formulated which can tackle the complex issue both from the spatial and policy perspective in a multiscalar approach. By using ‘Loitering’ as the concept, the project envisions an operational framework that aims to change mindsets and provide more visibility to women in public spaces. The project facilitates uninhibited agency, ownership, accessibility for women and creates platforms for active participation in the co-creation of a city. The vision of achieving legitimacy is a long, tedious and complex process that requires mobilisation of institutional capacities. For this, Gender mainstreaming is envisioned as an integral process achieved by formulating various strategies that can guide sustained change. An organisation called the Gender Lab is proposed to mainstream gender into planning and bridging the knowledge gap. This body helps in tackling opposing interests at different stages while sustaining social change. It monitors the bridging of knowledge and incentive gaps by developing alternative collaborative governance models. Women-led grassroots movements would be formalised within policymaking to boost women’s participation in planning processes and influence important decisions that affect their lives. This model emphasises operational frameworks and policy initiatives that prioritise safer and accessible spaces for women. The project paves the pathway to achieve spatial justice through gender-sensitive city planning and by giving agency and ownership to women towards the cities they inhabit.

Social inequility is still part of the current world, not only in the poorer countries but also in the wealthiest once. With the use of gentrification it was tried to hide the poverty by improving the quality of neighbourhoods. Although this improved the liveability and wealthiness of a neighbourhood, it did not improve the lifes of the former citizens as they were forced out. This shows the wrong focus of the regeneration that is often used in deprived neighbourhoods, improving the liveability instead of improving the lives of the citizens. To be able to improve the life of the citizens, it is important to find out what their wishes and needs are, so an urbanist can implement these in the design. Therefore, this thesis researches how an urbanist can establish citizens’ participation as a design method to be able to design life improving neighbourhoods for its citizens. This will be done by answering the main question of: “how can the use of citizens’ participation in the urban design process of the regeneration of deprived neighbourhood improve the liveability?”. To answer this question, research on citizens’ participation, happiness and liveability will be combined with analyses on a case studie to create a new design method for urbanists that is focused on participation as the main way of designing. The manual will show how participation can be used as a design method and how an urbanist should approach this way of designing. The main focus is on the way the urbanist should communicate with the citizens so they will both understand each other.

This thesis report, the new neighbors: urban revitalization in the Rosmolenwijk, presents the socio-spatial effects that urban revitalization plans combined with the housing crisis (and other trends and policies) have on working-class neighborhoods. The working-class neighborhoods are built-up with mostly social housing to provide home for the workers of the industries in the industrial revolution. However, with the industries disappearing, the neighborhoods are left with low quality housing and homogeneous population with low-income levels. Currently, these working-class neighborhoods are often considered as fragile and low-quality neighborhoods with a various of problems by the municipalities. To tackle these problems, municipalities came up with revitalization projects that meanly consists of methods like state-led gentrification and social mixing to boost the socio-economic status of the neighborhoods. On paper, these plans sound promising. Although, these plans are conducting friction between the new and native inhabitants. Firstly, the displacement of native inhabitants, who often have a strong connection to the community is high. This displacement is strengthened by some urban policies on housing associations that put pressure on making the housing more sustainable, leaving no other choice than selling blocks to the private sector or rebuilding blocks for the highest rental prices to be able to finance such investments. Secondly, the mix of new and native inhabitants rises the socio-spatial fragmentation between the new and native inhabitants as they are not mixing groups but create hotspots with the wealthier groups. And thirdly, the lifestyles are so different that the target groups do not seem to connect with each other. They have their own perception of theirs and what is not, the new inhabitants seem to like the community idea but hardly participate in it themselves, and the environmental connection to the neighborhoods of the new inhabitants is different than from the new inhabitants as well. The thesis plan points out some centers that have the potential to increase the social cohesion between the target groups based on the usage of the neighborhood. Furthermore, these locations will be transformed in a way that embraces the positive goals of the revitalization plans, while decreasing the socio-spatial friction that has is conducted with the current revitalization plans of working-class neighborhoods. Combined with this transformation comes the new condition in policies and legislation that are necessary to fulfill the aim of this thesis.

Biodiversity is declining worldwide because of population growth and the rising demand for goods. Biodiversity is needed for our ecosystem services which provide us with fresh water and medicine which means people are dependent on a healthy biodiversity. Cities want to greenify to battle the urban heat island effect and the bad water infiltration. If these cities want to connect to nature on the outside of the city there are often business parks situated in between. These Business parks are large grey areas that create a barrier between the green and the city and add onto the urban heat island. To change a business park from a barrier to a corridor there is a need for change. This brings us to the question “What are design tools an urban designer can use to improve biodiversity and human well-being on a business site and how can this be implemented? Using case study location Spaanse Polder.” Twenty design tools have been created to enhance biodiversity and improve human well-being. These tools have been divided into three categories wherein each category biodiversity will be enhanced and human well-being will be improved. These categories are blue, green, and grey. To understand how these tools interact with each other and their surroundings and what effect these tools have they have been implemented on the location site. In conclusion, multiple elements should be taken into consideration if these tools will be implemented. These are combining design tools, effect on different scale levels, the size of the location, and it is still a business park with private properties. By implementing these design tools in the Spaanse Polder the Spaanse Polder will function as a corridor with multiple patches on its site which are connected to the ecological networks instead of the barrier it is now.

Rotterdam is chosen an example of a city in constant flux, based specifically due to 2 main events- the bombing of Rotterdam in 1940 and the shift of the harbors westwards- 1970's, focussing on the shift of harbor Westwards. • The development of the South of Rotterdam- Kop Van Zuid, after the shift of the harbors westwards, led to a large vacuum in what used to be the heart of the city. The infrastructure that once was created to primarily relate to shipping, now had to cater to a different use, the HEF bridge being a prime example of this.This also led to fragmentation in the South of Rotterdam, as the infrastructure that catered to the shipping industry no longer served that function, and in certain cases was abandoned- like the HEF. • In such a fast paced city, can infrastructure adapt rapidly enough? Can it also be more than a physical connection and also work a public place typology to connect people? • I wanted to use infrastructure as a grid, as something to orient towards, within a city in flux, by integrating it into the public realm. This would mean different interpretations of what the HEF could be, as well as for future infrastructure, and with a new bridge connection already being planned by the city, I zoomed into the strip/core between east and west Feijenoord as my site. • With new developments like Feijenoord city, slated to come up actively over the next decade, this will require 2 things: 1. Infrastructure to support new traffic and movement intake. 2. To integrate this infrastructure in the diverse urban fabric and everyday life of Feijenoord- preserving its identity, while still responding to the grand architecutral gestures, that initiate innotivation and economic growth of Rotterdam. The project is an approach to address the current issues of Feijenoord by developing a strategy to design a more connected and inclusive typology of public place. This is considered as a plug-in to the existing infrastructural networks of Rotterdam- using other qualities of the region. The main objective is to integrate new infrastructure and developments into the daily life of Feijenoord with design elements and program that act as activators for an interactive, inclusive public place. To offer a collective identity to Feijenoord, and a different way of moving and viewing the neighborhood.

This research is dealing with the development of a new town in Hanoi, Vietnam. With many Hanoi new towns that are currently failing and on the brink of becoming ghost towns, this research aims to explore the way to design a new town that promotes urban vitality throughout the master planning process - not only in the design process. The main principle in this research is to understand how the local urban areas performed with spatial analysis and on-site observation i.e., Space Syntax analysis (Depthmap) and Public Life Studies (Gehl Institute) and then interpret and simulate it to the design of the new town. The design is then being evaluated through the urban vitality factors and masterplanning processes.

What happens if we look at (public) space through the lens of gender? How would it be experienced differently? These are questions this thesis will look into. It aims to not only explore different types of gendered spaces but also to increase the understanding of designers and planners on how to make public space more gender inclusive. With the purpose of exploration, a case study is done with a neighborhood in Rotterdam, namely Beverwaard. The conclusions are translated into a strategic framework and an accompanying patternbook. The strategic framework proposes the improvement of the safety, accessibility and inclusivity of public space.

Citizen participation is frequently mentioned in debates about our urban environment but proves difficult to be meaningful in practice. Often, participation is characterised by intransparency, poor communication and distrust. It is a loss seen the potential positive effects of influential civil participation that could help us overcome problems regarding the increasing complexity of cities. Enabling the potential and making citizen participation a valuable asset demands the extra step; full facilitation. The research’s aim is to understand how participation needs to be facilitated to make it worthwhile. Therefore, the following research question is formulated: How can Rotterdam facilitate and structure co-creation in the built environment in an inclusive, supportive, human-oriented and meaningful way? Although the outcome of this research reaches beyond Rotterdam, will Rotterdam be used as research subject. To answer this research question, current context and good practices are analysed. Additionally, a real-life street experiment in the Old North of Rotterdam has been conducted. The context analyses consist of the current approach of Rotterdam in facilitating participation in the city, interviews about participation with urban and architectural firms in Rotterdam, and current programmes and strategies. Relevant good practices outside of Rotterdam are analysed for valuable lessons and used as input for the design. The experiment consists of the regeneration of a street, in which the process and co-creation were vital elements. The outcome of this research consists of recommendations and a design proposal. The main recommendation for Rotterdam is to communicate more about the process and the assessment of proposals. The design proposes a next step in the appropriation of public space by residents. This appropriation is guided by design coaches connected to the municipality. Currently available, as well as newly created space, is used to demonstrate the strategic design proposal. Conclusion; facilitating participation in urban developments is strongly connected to actively guiding and initiating processes, good communication and transparency. For the design; to keep it tangible and make people take ownership of their surroundings, process scales should not be larger than the scale of the neighbourhood. Integrating participation into society needs to be done step by step but with complete commitment. Participation is not about saving money, but rather a new way of approaching design processes. One of the main dilemmas in participation remains not being able to attract unusual suspects. The personal door-to-door approach connected people to the process, but not as active participants. Analysing digital tools will be interesting for follow-up research in this regard. Overall, analyses of existing practices remain an interesting way to learn

This thesis project on Christiania in the context of Copenhagen is an account of the research being carried out during the graduation year of Urbanism, eventually resulting in a design oriented project within the ‘Design of the Urban Fabric’ Research Group. The structure of this graduation project is divided into five chapters, respectively (1) investigating the problems, (2) searching for supportive urban theory, (3) analysing socio-spatial conditions, (4) experimenting with possible future scenarios and lastly (5) designing a spatial proposal which addresses the problems. The problem statement outlines the urban challenges which Christiania is currently facing towards the context of the surrounding city of Copenhagen. Located in the city centre Christiania is continuously being threatened to leave behind partially or entirely its self-organisational values and instead to embrace public and private investments. Therefore a prospective Christiania poses relevant threats of population decline, physical segregation and other implications due to the governmental plan for socio-economic normalisation. On this basis, the project focuses on investigating possible future scenarios which would give answers to above mentioned issues without affecting the character of Christiania. Through an experimental study contributing to alternative ideas, this project aims at finding the balance between contemporary development challenges and Christiania’s fragile cultural identity. Applying an inter-scalar design approach the interventions unfold through network, structural and programmatic design proposals, making culture the main regenerative catalyst for Christiania. The essential aim of this prevails the preservance of the freetown identity as an inseparable element which defines Christiania as a culturally alternative neighbourhood of Copenhagen. The ending chapter is a catalogue of visualised design interventions of culture-led regeneration and it acts as a mediating tool for the Christianites to initiate their wishes and desires for the future.

Globalized universities located in small cities are expanding at a rate beyond the spatial capacity of its host city. The resulting presence of student housing in these cities known as ‘studentification’, have cascading social, cultural, economic, and spatial impacts that lead to, in particular, a lack of co-existence and tolerance between the university community and the local community. Existing research have primarily focused on how studentification has materialized in cities through negative consequences. As the influx of students continue to increase in an unprecedented rate in Delft, a need to understand fundamental conditions that contribute to negative consequences arise in order to propose strategic interventions for their mitigation and transformation. This research aimed to thoroughly understand the studentification process in Delft and recommend a long-term strategic plan towards co-existence. The methods used in this research involved delimiting or expanding on practices of other European cities experiencing studentification through the political, spatial, and socio-cultural lens of Delft. Through this research, the urgency and complexity of studentification were clarified and called for a comprehensive approach that transcended conventional practices.

This research-and-design research addresses the influence of urban conditions on social conditions (and vice versa) and explores interdisciplinary alternatives. In the context of Athens (Greece), spatial planning and its governance support social exclusion of migrants, which is expressed through conflicts with native residents. The project experiments with alleviating these effects by establishing spatial planning as active agent of integration. The main aim of the research is to develop an appropriate strategy in areas with migrants, by re-adjusting the principles of urban space. Instead of providing one fixed solution, the project will design flexible initiatives that help the community achieve the desirable outcome. The methodology of this urban integration can be replicable, provided that it is adjusted for similar urban and social contexts.

Klimaforum is Berlins new interactive art, science and technology forum, located on a soon to be vacant heizkraftwerk site along the Spree river. Commissioned by The German Ministry of Culture & Media, The City of Berlin and exploited by the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, the TU Berlin, several NGOs & private companies. The Klimaforum will be at the forefront of the radical shift to a climate neutral society by shortening the road to a much needed debate about climate change.

Cities in the Netherlands have mostly traditionally developed themselves around water: often near rivers or sea, sometimes also at its intersection. Rotterdam, with one of the largest port city in the Netherlands, is an example. Rotterdam is a dynamic world port and has a century-long tradition of living with water. The tradition of protecting “against and living with water” contributed to the development of the city. The strategic location of Rotterdam in the Dutch delta brought us prosperity and growth. The city grew with their port activities. After the 20th century, the movement of the port towards the sea where the Maastvlakte aroused has left former post-industrial areas abandoned. This change in space and function has accelerated into new opportunities for Rotterdam as a city port. Rotterdam can continuously adapt to new conditions responding to economic and social changes. Thanks to its position in the delta, Rotterdam has a strong international orientation and has a large number of potential financial clusters. Because of this economy, the population number has grown in Rotterdam. Rotterdam as a delta can also face the threat of river floods and storm surges from the seas and heavy rainfall. The City cope with a lot of heavy rain that can affect our health and environment. Due to a changing climate and changing insights concerning sustainable relations between cities and water-landscapes, new interventions will be needed to create a new urban delta-landscape. In addition to safety and better water-systems, in urban delta’s there is a need for stronger spatial identities and new cohesion of cities and their water-landscapes (delta intervention objectives). There is a requirement for Rotterdam to transform into a climate adaptive city to protect itself from floods and water damages. It is a favorite situation to live in or along water environment. Therefore, development of the water-related climate offers excellent opportunities in Rotterdam. This challenge Rotterdam in a correct way of land use planning where public and private stakeholders are involved. New interventions that are needed to create a new urban deltalandscape are mostly planned as an individual tool that lacks in coherency of urban planning strategies in general. Van Veelen (2016) mentioned that there is a lack of research that focuses on actual processes of urban development, management, and change as an essential precondition for a successful implementation of climate adaptation strategies. There can be an integrated approach of climate adaptation in waterfront development and urban renewal. Incorporating adaptation into regular urban development processes can be explained as part of a political process to redistribute responsibilities to lower levels of authority (e.g., city level) and enlarge the role of the private sector (van Veelen, 2016). This part of the research indicate the problems of climate change, waterfront redevelopment and declining neighborhood resulting in a problem statement and a hypothesis for an enhanced integrated approach in the development of common interest between private and public stakeholders.