It’s August 4 when Lebanon’s capital, Beirut, is hit by one of the largest non-nuclear explosions the world has ever seen. Unfortunately, this explosion that damaged and/or demolished more than half of the city is not the first crisis it has to deal with. Several catastrophes have already plagued Lebanon and its capital during the last century such as (civil) wars, financial, health and other crises and a corrupt government. The research into the Salam Emergency Station looks into architectural adaptation within a hostile environment. It does so in one overarching building that facilitates the police, fire brigade and ambulance. The research mainly focuses on safety design, while also looking for a balans with approachability.

The migration of ideas implies the movement of ideas, thoughts, philosophy, knowledge, or other non-physical conditions from one space and/ or time to another, where they are activated and manifested. As a result, this may purposefully or accidentally effect other existing conditions in a different setting, thereby giving birth to new ideas or phenomena. The thesis aims to investigate in particular the migration of mycoremediation, the method of environment decontamination through the biological properties of mycelium. The project speculates on the emergence of the mycelium industry as an autonomous mode of production within a circular economy for the Maashaven commons in the year of 2050, while investigating the utilisation of mycoremediation technology as an apparatus for confrontation against current sitespecific environmental issues such as water and air pollution, and urban waste flows. Furthermore, the research aims to explore how digitisation and mechanisation in urban agriculture and waste management are manifested within Rotterdam, while seeking to unveil human’s relationships with water in an urban context.

The climate is changing and to deal with this climate change, adaptations have to be made to the way we live. This research focusses on a particular site in Rotterdam Zuid in terms of climate change. The research question is the following: How can both- social and hard infrastructure contribute to the creation of a climate proof, resilient community? This question will be answered in the form of a building. Starting with a research about the climate change that has to be dealt with in Rotterdam Zuid. As a group we defined a new vision for the area and we all designed one building that contributes to that vision. In this case solutions for climate change contribute to the vision. This research about the location determined the location of the intervention. After this a research is done into the subject social infrastructure, changing the habits of people from an individual mindset to a communal mindset. This can save lives during a disaster. This research determined the target groups and the function. The elderly and the children and the function should be a combination between an aid organization and a communal center. The Red Cross Social Center. Then a reference research started, different types of communal centers and red cross headquarters have been analysed to come up with a program bar for the project. Along with the program bar, different ambitions have been established in terms of function, site and design. Having all these guidelines set the massing could start. After trial and error the final massing has been established. A rectangular shaped building with a courtyard in the middle. The courtyard can be reached through a large (water)square which creates passages underneath the building. The large green roof is connected to the ground floor to make it accessible to the public to reach the second floor. The ground floor, second floor, third floor, and fourth floor contain public functions for people to establish this social connection, this social infrastructure. On the first floor the headquarters of the Dutch Red Cross is placed. This location and the design of the building will increase their visibility. The aim of the design was to create a building that deals with climate change in terms of hard- and social infrastructure. The hard infrastructure is achieved by various interventions. The social infrastructure is a more difficult topic, the building offers the ideal circumstances for people to create this social infrastructure themselves and create this resilient community.

Situated in the suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, the Mar Elias Crop Market acts as protagonist project of the market district in the Beirut Mosaic urban masterplan. This masterplan is part of the Complex Projects Beirut graduation studio, focused on dealing with catastrophe in the built environment. The Mar Elias Crop Market is a mix of a logistic food center and public market, situated in the suburbs near Ramlet Al Baida beach, acting as a distribution node in a network and strengthening the food chain from land to city. The Mar Elias Crop Market aims to revive Beirut's food culture, offers public space to the city, and aims to improve post-harvest handling by improving the distribution network in the Beirut Mosaic.

The presented project concerns the design concept and process, as well as the preceding methodologies for the development of an architectural intervention in the Rotterdam South. Main notion of the project is the idea of permanent transition in the architectural and urbanistic realms. The concept of migration is used as the starting point for the project. Migration can be understood as a dynamic process from the perspective of the moving object, or idea; however, it may also be a study of change of factors in the given area. In order to enclose this definition within urban context, it can be said that the migration is the multiplication of the architectural idea with variable alterations in time and space. It is necessary to analyze permeability in the search of the solution for the temporality balance. The city of Rotterdam is used as the case study for this research, because it allows for a valid description and evaluation of all processes ongoing in the migration mechanism. With the resultant findings, based on literature studies and site analysis, a design brief is defined, with a subsequent concept. The intervention resolves the urban borders, allowing for the connection of the surrounding neighborhoods. Hence, a high degree of permeability is achieved with the use of introductory and reoccurring temporalities.

Courthouses are the very front face of the judicial system. It can also be referred to as a connecting link or the only link between the people and the fundamental rights to justice described under the Constitution. Situating in the city of Berlin, with a dynamic history of changing power and law, the new Judicial complex aims to open itself to the people of Berlin, bringing back the lost civic identity of the courthouse complex. The proposal finds itself in the beating heart of the city and along the future cultural spine - river Spree. The larger vision thrives towards designing a courthouse that forms the centre of public activities and blends into the daily dynamics of people’s life. Bringing the law back to the city centre would allow more people to be part of it and how their involvement would shape the decisions taken, and how people’s opinions could play a vital role in judicial systems. Looking at the future idea of a modern public space and the court being a part of it will reflect the needs of the dynamic group of Berliners and generate an atmosphere where the city and the law can share the space. Breaking the historic stereotypical barrier will help dilute the threshold that separates the city to participate in the law.

The Living City combines social housing with an algae research institute and additional public functions in one complex, and is made completely circular and self-sufficient with the use of algae. The project reacts on the migrated and evolved Garden Suburbs within the site of the assignment and the expanding high-rise district Zuidplein. It aims to strengthen the character of the existing and what is left from the Garden City design, while at the same time reacting to the future needs of the city. The green urban design concept of the Garden City will be translated into a green architectural design by using algae. Algae is a relatively underdeveloped type of greenery within the field of architecture, but has an immense potential to become the pioneer in climate proof and circular building. Through experimental exploring, the algae lab of the Living City tests new sustainable initiatives and products, applicable for architectural design. Eventually, the gained research and knowledge will be applied into the ecological restoration of Rotterdam. The public algae park that runs through the building gives an insight in the algae-innovations that are made. It explains the visitors of the park how the building system works and brings them in connection with algae-architecture in the built environment. While densifying the area, the project reuses the existing context and maintains the historical character of the Garden Suburbs and the complementing architecture of the Amsterdamse School. The vacant school complex on the site will become part of the project and is brought back to life with 55 housing units that fit inside the old classrooms. To create a flow in the existing rental housing market, the project provides three types of housing: two classes of social housing and one class of medium rent housing. The housing is a one of a kind project where all the benefits of the algae-architecture are experienced. Living in a green and healthy building with a strong social structure is the main goal of the residential part of the project. The shared green spaces aim to bring the residents in touch with each other resulting in a social network inside the complex. The ambition to provide big green spaces for all residents inside city centres is one of the main features of the housing complex. The translation into an architectural design is made with a large algae-canopy structure with algae-panels on top, which is the main element of the climate design and forms the eyecatcher. The panels are closed bioreactors that produce algae biomass. The biomass is transported to the technical rooms of the research institute, where the heat is taken out. The biomass is further transported and burned to produce energy. The open algae raceway ponds are used to clean air and water. In total, the algae ponds can reduce 6 ton/year of CO2 in the air. The complete building aims to be self-sufficient and independent from other sources. This futuristic system is an innovative way in sustainable architecture that aims for a futureproof circular city.

Klimaforum is Berlins new interactive art, science and technology forum, located on a soon to be vacant heizkraftwerk site along the Spree river. Commissioned by The German Ministry of Culture & Media, The City of Berlin and exploited by the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, the TU Berlin, several NGOs & private companies. The Klimaforum will be at the forefront of the radical shift to a climate neutral society by shortening the road to a much needed debate about climate change.

The thesis aims to investigate the different flows of logistics particularly goods and people through urban mobility strategies and utilizing inland waterways to improve the efficiency of logistic lifecycles. The project also speculates about the ever-changing logistic infrastructures such as a terminal, warehouse and distribution center. The transformation of the typology allows it to be redefined considering the aims of Rotterdam Municipality. With the immense potential of the inland waterways that Rotterdam has, the connection between North and South will be improved and the introvert identity of port areas will be accessible for the public while changing the urban identity of the area.

In Berlin, the public transportation system is large and varied. Train (S-Bahn), tram, metro (U-Bahn), and bus consist of the main skeleton of the system. However, due to historical reasons, most U-bahn and tram lines are located only in the former West and East Berlin, respectively. Thus, lots of transfer stations are located in the area where is adjacent to the Berlin Wall. The Berlin Municipality's Department of Transportation also initiated a program to renew these divided Berlin train stations in the 1990s. This project focuses on the Warsaw Street station which is ignored and still under poor architectural condition. It also aims to explore new design approaches based on the topic of way-finding. The facade, interior space, and outside area are supposed to be considered as a whole to realize the ambition.

The Maashaven Bridge unlocks the potential of Maashaven - utilizing the factor of an iconic intervention, the harbor transformation process is kick-started and a previously industrial waterfront redevelops the urban identity of the harbor and Rotterdam South to a lively urban environment. The floating structure addresses the needs of the adjacent districts by providing public functions along the crossing of the harbor as well as tackles the issues caused by the ever changing climate and the rising sea level.

This thesis is an exploration into architectural strategies that help build up the holistic care for children in paediatric facilities.

Beirut's Living Room: Characterized by cultural diversity, Beirut has a multi-religious society, with unfortunately a rampant space shrinkage issue. With in particular the Public domain. Evidenced by limited infrastructure and virtually no affordable housing, the cityscape is strongly demarcated by historic and religiously motivated conflicts. However today, this is all overshadowed by the wide income gap. The greed for profit on the one hand is opposed by the fundamental desire for housing on the other. The two opposing interest groups have such conflicting needs that in the past 30 years it has not been possible to balance the requirements in a meaningful way that is acceptable to both groups. Finding a resolution here will have a decisive influence on the future of the city. Based on the research question “How should affordable housing be designed in a socio-economically segregated context such as Beirut”, an inclusive and high density building with the main aim of affordable and high quality dwelling units was designed. A fundamental role in the design and research process was the chosen location in relation with the urban context and the developed group masterplan. In total the master thesis shows a new approach the master thesis for a more equitable housing in Lebanon.