In this thesis, research is conducted regarding the design of various platforms and systems dealing with trust. Four Principles of Trust are extracted from this research. A way of increasing trust within diverse societies was designed based on these four principles. This design is the Familiar Stranger system. This system provides civilians the opportunity to tune in to each others music, hereby increasing the perceived similarities of people from all walks of life.

In this project I demonstrate how the world could have been different by portraying alternate historical realities, centered around food, to stimulate my audience to think about the choices they have in the present. The objective is to empower my audience to make mindful food choices today. The final outcome of this project is four stories and artifacts, corresponding to four distinct historical eras (including 1 future scenario), presented as parafiction. The project will be on display in the Cube Design Museum in Kerkrade, Netherlands.

This country will be hugely polarized by 2050, if we do not act. The focus of the public debate is shifting towards differences between groups and people. Politicians exploit popular sentiment for their own success, they polarize in an attempt to give every group a voice. If we keep repeating and emphasizing our differences, it becomes a self-fullling prophecy. This project aims to counteract these developments by showing people commonalities beyond what they can see so they will recognize unity in diversity. It is only a social cohesion warm up a next design should focus on appreciating diversity.

This project is an inquiry into design for mind-wandering experiences. The project has applied a blend of Introspective Design, Research through Design and Co-creation methods to gather a nuanced understanding of mind-wandering experiments. The scope of the project is situated on the overlap of six dimensions that allowed us to form a fruitful stance. The project focused on individual creativity of novice designers, who are working from home. The proposed design solution is a product that will support a deliberate mind-wandering break of novice designers with homogenisation of perceptual information. The proposed design concept focuses on providing low variability organic change of visual information to create homogenisation of visual sensory information. The project provides arguments for conceptual understanding of the effect of homogenisation breaks to support deliberate mind-wandering. The proposed design was a result of the insights gathered throughout four phases of the project: theory research, context research, co-creation, and research through Design. The effect of the product on creativity was measured with a predictor of creative performance—self-efficacy.

The urge to promote mental health and well-being is gaining increasing importance and attention in recent years. Adolescents, who are among the most vulnerable under this aspect, are experiencing an increase in mental health complaints and need of youth care in the Netherlands. In addition, they perceive current means of care as inappropriate to their needs. Generally, mental healthcare remains hard to access due to its elevated costs and lack of resources. Alternative ways to promote mental well-being appear necessary. These could be provided by implementing design to mediate and promote positive activities through human-product interactions. Teenagers make heavy use of smartphones with continuous internet connection; this creates the possibility to take advantage of digital phenotyping, the practice of gaining information on users’ (mental) state by collecting and interpreting data from smartphones’ sensors and interactions. This system would allow to detect when teenagers experience risk states and provide proper (design) interventions. This project aimed at providing designers with strategies to create interventions promoting teenagers’ mental resilience and well-being through product-mediated activities. The research entailed literature review, interviews with experts and adolescents, examination of tools, prototyping and user evaluation. The Vision in Product design and Contextmapping methods were employed. Academic stress and depressed mood were identified as the two most relevant detectable risk markers for teenagers. The goals of "making adolescents embrace resilience as a collaborative learning process by identifying purpose and stick to congruent behaviour" (for academic stress) and "by reframing negative emotions, translating them into learning opportunities" (for depressed mood) led to the development of 14 intervention design strategies. These are presented in a card deck, whose evaluation stressed the importance of implementation, detailing and user testing to reach intended impact, and the necessity to evaluate and prevent potential counteractive effects. This work contributes to the field of Design for Well-being and specifically to the Smart-CUEing MEntal health research project, whose aim is to promote adolescents’ well-being by implementing digital phenotyping and design interventions.

Our current food system puts a lot of pressure on our planet, global health, animal welfare, and creates an unfair agricultural economy. One of the strategies to decrease this pressure while serving the growing population is the protein transition. As Weinricht (2018) states, “Shifting our collective diet from eating mainly animal proteins to focusing on more plant-based proteins”. Currently this transition does not resonate with everyone. Not everyone is willing or able to participate. One of the stakeholders working in this context is the Voedingscentrum (the Netherlands Nutrition Centre). The Voedingscentrum aims to encourage consumers to eat less meat. Additionally, they are seeking interventions to reach people with a low socioeconomic position (or ‘SEP’). Due to more pressing concerns, this group often has limited capacity to make long-term changes, such as adopting a healthier and more sustainable diet. The goal of this project is to design an intervention that addresses resistance in the protein transition and enables the Voedingscentrum to reach people with a low SEP who are unwilling or unable to embrace the protein transition. To determine a fitting design direction, the project began with research into the protein transition, consumers with a low SEP, and behavior change theory related to resistance. This was accomplished through various research activities, including literature and field reserach. The collected insights led to ten clusters representing the factors that influence people’s behavior in this context. Structuring these clusters and evaluating the resulting social context led to the following design goal: “To facilitate a healthy shift towards a more plant-based diet, we want to help consumers feel secure in such a change by stimulating them to joyfully follow others.” The designed concept, ‘Spaar je vol’, is a savings campaign or ‘spaaractie’ that allows consumers to save stamps while grocery shopping. With a full card of stamps, these customers receive a healthy vegetarian meal box containing fresh ingredients for a meal for four persons. The meals are created by the Voedingscentrum and come with easy-to-follow instructions. This campaign offers the Voedingscentrum a practical way to influence what people consume without relying solely on their ability to obtain, understand, assess, and use health information for decision-making. The variety of meal boxes offers vegetarian options without explicitly stating it, promoting a shift towards a healthier protein consumption pattern and reinforcing the new norm. To cater to consumers with limited financial resources, supermarket customers can also donate their stamps to the Voedselbank (Food Bank). The donated stamps will be converted into donated meal boxes and distributed through the Voedselbank. The conducted evaluation sessions provided insights from the target audience and stakeholders, demonstrating that the concept was positively received. However, additional steps need to be taken regarding the (financial) feasibility of the project. This project contains an in-depth case study that demonstrates how behavior change theory can be applied when on dealing with resistance during the design of interventions. It offers an intervention for consumers with a low SEP and provides multiple recommendations for further steps within this domain.

People are actively looking to pursue happiness by spending their precious time on meaningful experiences, which are often sought for in media entertainment as it is people’s most engaged in leisure activity today. However, current services fail to support them or even counter them, with their manipulative media-platforms in favor of their goals often at the cost of people’s goals. This creates a world of regret instead of happiness. The student of this graduation project claims that media entertainment designers should feel responsible to design services that respect and allow people to pursue their goals in finding happiness through it. This project can be considered an example, or even proof that there is indeed a manner to realize that and that, as company, it is crucial to do so as people are starting to reject services that are threatening their happiness. APPROACH This graduation project first investigated what happiness consisted of, and how media entertainment could contribute to that. The conclusion was that people need to engage in mindful, intentional, intrinsically motivated media-experiences which well-balances short-term pleasure (Hedonia) with long-term happiness (Eudaimonia). Then, current platforms were analysed to understand why they exist and why they are currently designed the way they are and how this affects well- being. The conclusion was that current streaming-platforms are being created to maximize media-consumption which resulted in an over-focus on hedonia at the cost of eudaimonia and therefore people’s long-term happiness. As ViP focuses on re-framing and reinvention by creating future opportunities, instead of solving the present-day problems, a future context of 2020 had been outlined through an extensive analysis using academic literature, trend reports- and sites and interviews. The result was three meta-factors that described the world of 2020 as “embracing the mindful pursuit of meaningfulness’. SOLUTION ViP states that as a designer, you should take a position in this future vision. The goal of this project is to design a new streaming-platform that improves people’s well- being through media-entertainment, which resulted in the following statement: I want to empower people to experience media-entertainment meaningfully, by guiding them in articulating their intentions through trusted others. DESIGN The new concept considers media-entertaiment as meaningfull experience packages and facilites people in finding these packages through the suggestions of trusted others, such as people close to the user (like family and friends) but also famous people/accounts (like inspirational influencers or design blogs). Plus it empowers people to experience these entertainment-packages meaningfully by increasing their mindfulness through 6 steps. The concept contributes to well-being by focussing on improving both the hedonic and the eudaimonic experience by increasing people’s autonomy, competence and relatedness, focussing on personal growth, achieving goals, finding meaning in life and improving people’s vitalty by better self-regulating their media-behavior.

The mobility industry is facing a disruptive transformation. A large number of social, economic and technological trends are shaping the way we will move in the future. In this fast-changing environment, mytaxi becomes FREE NOW due to the joint venture in 2019 between its mother company Daimler together with BMW. While joining forces to become a stronger mobility player, FREE NOW’s product portfolio is undergoing a major change. Moving from offering only taxi rides to becoming a multi-modal mobility provider. This holistic approach to mobility brings lots of new challenges for the company. This project is born from the knowledge gap identified within the company, regarding the city dweller’s behaviours and attitudes. With an open and explorative approach, this project focuses on providing the company with a human-centred upgrade to mobility. Based on a user and trend research, this project identifies how the essence of mobility – of covering a physical distance – will evolve towards a multi-purpose-driven activity: shifting from a compromising experience towards a fulfilling experience. The project, ’When the journey becomes the destination’, identifies four mindsets that describe the interactions city dwellers will have while travelling in the future context. For FREE NOW, the identified potential is to enable people to act according to their state of mind and facilitating them to recognise the mindset they are at that moment. This will allow providing a fulfilling service experience by matching them with the right mobility service. This mindset-based approach proposed aims to help FREE NOW rethink and create multi-modal mobility solutions. While leaving apart the purely functional connotations of mobility, the designed mindsets focus on the meaningful nuances of mobility. From the service experience resulting from the human interactions with the space, four design directions are created to stimulate the designers from FREE NOW to question the status quo, as well as the future context.

This master thesis report is a deliverable of a six months long graduation project at the master specific track Design for Interaction, at TU Delft. The primary domain researched in this project is the domain of sexual exploration. Initially, the research started by exploring the uneasiness of sexual exploration. Firstly, the aim was to understand what sexual exploration is and how people sexually explore in the current world. A combination of different DFI specific methods was used. In the first phase, the ViP method was used to understand the context of the domain, the influencing factors, and to, later on, create a coherent story. Underlying mechanisms of human sexuality and additional topics were necessary to understand in this phase as well, on which later design criteria were developed. The project was done with an external client, Ink - a design studio based in Amsterdam, whose previous research in the domain was resourceful as well. Besides the mentioned methods, a continuous process of user interviews, creative sessions and discussions were held as well. The chosen method provided valuable knowledge and necessary factors in order to create an overview of the current world in the context of the researched domain. Moreover, it supported the additional conclusions of how to approach the found issue and what is required for future world creation. Following the methodological steps in this research, three design iteration cycles were performed as well. Each design concept in those cycles focused on different aspects of uneasy sexual exploration. After their detailed evaluation, the created concepts served as a learning moment to better understand what exactly the final concept should be. After marking down the potential directions and evaluating design opportunities, it was decided the focus of the final concept should be on sexual scripts - societally created guidelines on sexual behaviour and their influence on people’s sexual exploration. Based on the findings and evaluation, a suitable vision statement was proposed as an essential part of the ViP method - encouraging people to be freer in their sexual exploration, by showing them the ridiculousness of sexual scripts. The mechanism and the intended effect of the statement were tested on several occasions, based on which final concept was then created. This thesis, therefore, aims to propose a suitable design solution in the domain of sexual exploration. Specifically, the focus of the created concept is on the people who currently feel limited by the sexual scripts they encounter and require additional support in sexually exploring beyond them. The final concept of this research project is an Instagram profile which aims to raise awareness of sexual scripts in the society by ridiculing them, in order to support people to be freer in their sexual exploration. By using a combination of satirical illustrations and text, the profile serves as a type of an online catalogue of sexual scripts where users have a clear overview, but also as a safe space where alternative ideas can be found. The name of this concept and consequently, the Instagram profile, is The Script Bible, where additional ridicule is present as well, to mock how blindly people sometimes follow mentioned sexual scripts. The final concept was validated with five potential users, which were selected based on the intended target group - people who sometimes experience a limitation in their sex lives caused by sexual scripts. Furthermore, the validation of the concept focused on a few parts - the directness and understanding, confrontation with personal attitudes, the overall moment of first interaction and the visual language of the concept. Additionally, a comparison with the created product qualities was also validated. Illustrations were tested separately and then with the overall Instagram profile as well. In conclusion, while this concept only focuses on the first layer of defeating the sexual scripts - the awareness, the validation and reflection both indicate the chosen direction is a suitable one. Moreover, the created concept shows the chosen mechanism is also fitting for this approach and can result in a more open discussion about sexual exploration, breaking the uncomfortableness of the topic and spark further interest in the topic itself.

This report describes the process of designing a ventilation concept for the renovation industry. The project is in collaboration with Breman Schoorsteentechniek, an installation company located in the Netherlands. The initial brief was kept vague on purpose and described a project in which I was to find a way for Breman, to make their products more recognizable on the market. At the time, Breman was starting to rebuild their companies vision with ecologically sustainable intentions. The initiation of the project became a search for what the vision for this product should be. Next to a small analysis of the current workflow, a trends and development research was conducted. This resulted in core movements for the year 2030 in the fields of: sustainability, construction industry and general world developments. These were then used to communicate a proposed world vision and were discussed with the board members of Breman. From these meetings three ideas where generated. After consideration of the core movements and the initial aspirations of the project, the direction of ventilation in renovation was chosen. After a short transition from this general vision to the design phase, I constructed a model in which I could order my decisions. The model made that the overall design stayed consistent and that gaps in the argumentation for the concept could be determined. Concluding from this model, I designed a component based product. This product consists of a full central ventilation system with integrated IoT functionality. A distinction was made between a full fletched version and a budget version. I implemented the product in a virtual space, to offer a more tangible impression of the product. With the conclusion of the design phase, I continued to a small evaluation phase. The virtual space visualisations where used in meetings with experts on different levels of the ventilation industry and the field of plastic injection molding. The gained feedback on the feasibility, desirability and viability of the concept was then used in combination with left over insights of the project, to write recommendations for Breman. As a conclusion to the project, the initial brief is reflected upon. The final result is Breman flow, the next step for ecologically sustainable ventilation in the renovation industry.

New studies state that climate change is projected to harm snow reliability in ski resorts, resulting in shorter ski seasons, increased snowmaking demand and low-lying ski areas may cease to exist. Open Wear is a sustainable outerwear brand that uses sustainable materials and ethical production to produce clothing from 100% recycled plastic. The brand promotes sustainability in the winter sports industry but acknowledges the potential impact of climate change on the industry and its existence. The report discusses the potential changes in the winter sports industry due to ecological changes, economic interests, human experiences, and cultural values. By creating a worldview of winter sports in 2040 and designing a concept product there has been explored how the brand can innovate in this changing world. The ‘Vision in Product’ method has been used, which focuses on the ‘raison d’etre’ and uses a worldview created from various context factors such as trends, developments, and principles to design a future vision. The company’s strengths, weaknesses and potential opportunities have been analyzed, stating that especially the Open Wear community can be a great asset in the future. Literature research indicates that winter sports can still be practiced for decades to come, but low ski areas or ski areas with unfavorable locations in terms of snowfall will have to deal with less snow in the coming years. The amount of snow-reliable days seem to be decreasing exponentially. To understand the impact of these and other factors on the worldview of 2040, driving forces have been created by forming clusters of these factors. A prediction has been made about what the world will look like in 20 years. Open Wear wants to encourage environmentally conscious people to moderate their ski behavior and to keep enjoying their outdoor escapes. They can do this by making multi-sport vacations more accessible by designing clothing that is created around conditions instead of sports. A digital platform for collaboratively creating future-proof products has been designed to switch from winter clothing to multi-sport clothing. In this way, Open Wear can motivate people to continue to enjoy their outdoor escapes sustainably, without being dependent on a changing climate.

A transition towards a sustainable food system needs to happen to ensure people can live a healthy life on this planet. Picnic as a retailer in the food system is the bridge between producers and consumers of food products. Many people hold values which are in line with the food transition, which means they care for others, the environment, and their health. During the purchase of food however, these values are not always acted upon. This can be described as a value-action gap. There is an opportunity for Picnic to support customers in closing the value-action gap for food-transition friendly grocery shopping. There is a knowledge gap around what the values are that are important to Dutch customers when online grocery shopping, and which hurdles are present in the service of Picnic to foster the food transition. An exploratory study amongst Picnic customers shows the hurdles are formed by a lack consideration, confidence, and information. Furthermore, other values can be more important and there can be hesitancy towards change. To overcome these, dedicated moments should be created in the shopping journey to consider values. The design statement therefore is: I want to design an experience for Picnic customers who have values in line with the food transition but do not fully act upon them, by providing them with a moment to reflect and adapt so they can become proud of their actions. To design an experience for Picnic customers that allows for the desired behaviour, an iterative design process is used. During this process, four design guidelines are uncovered: interventions for reflection on food decisions should be controlled, specific, goal-oriented, and quick. The final proposed intervention is a Betere Boodschappen functionality, where customers get control over their shopping environment. They reflect on their values through answering three questions and based on those answers get personal suggestions for functionalities that can help them pay more attention to their values. A mixed method study, consisting of a quantitative between-group study and qualitative interviews, is used to test the effect of the intervention. There is a positive significant effect on behaviour and behavioural control over buying sustainable groceries. Customers furthermore indicate that doing better groceries is made easier for them through the functionality, and the store feels more personal. A plan for implementation of the functionality in steps is proposed, and recommendations are made to others designing for transitions inside a business.

This graduation project explores how the concept of problem sustaining interaction (PSI) patterns in mental development in adolescence can be used for design. In contrast to the currently used Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which describes psychiatric disorders from only a psychological perspective, the concept of PSI-patterns describes mental health problems as interaction problems. This new holistic approach incorporates interactions within the individual, but also those between people and their environment. To concretise the concept of PSI-patterns, I used the knowledge of system theory. From the research is concluded that factors on multiple levels influence each other; from biological to cultural. The factors in a system form loops that together reach an equilibrium. PSI-patterns consist of smaller, reinforcing feedback loops of which multiple together cause a system to move towards a problematic state. Changing a system requires effort and outside support. By making the patterns insightful, it becomes clear what strategies can be used to create positive change. The physical, social and psychological changes during adolescence make them particularly vulnerable to develop mental problems. There is a taboo around talking about mental health and society turns a blind eye. This causes adolescents when they struggle mentally to feel abnormal and alone, to lack knowledge and understanding to talk about their struggles and to feel not taken seriously when told that troubles are ‘just part of life’. To support adolescents in their mental development I introduce the design concept “The Bumpy Road”. The Bumpy Road supports adolescents to learn to understand their feelings by recognizing them in others. It is a platform with a variety of podcasts in which adolescents share personal and authentic stories about times in adolescence where they struggled. The problematic patterns of the storyteller are unravelled and explained to listeners in conversation with a pattern expert. The patterns that are discussed in the podcast are linked to other stories on the platform that include their version of the pattern. By making patterns insightful, listeners understand why problems keep occurring and get direction on how to navigate towards a more sustainable situation. The Bumpy Road teaches listeners the language to talk about struggles, normalizes them and provides advice on how to help themselves or support others. This project brings PSI-patterns from a conceptual level towards a concrete and validated design service, and thereby proves that PSI-patterns are a suitable framework for design.

It is known that the distinctive relationship of the Millennial generation with technology has brought two icons of the current lifestyle, mobile phones and online social networks, which it is often considered as a badge of generational identity. The accelerated rise of smart devices has enabled modern society to reach amazing levels of productivity in regular lives. On the other hand, technology has contributed to increase the "absent presence effect", which is described as an individual is physically present but is absorbed by a technologically mediated world of elsewhere. This phenomenon has affected the quality of interpersonal relationships and the ability of individuals to accurately read verbal and non-verbal codes. In a higher multicultural context, as a consequence of the process of globalization these verbal and non-verbal communication coding systems are learned and passed on as part of the cultural experience, therefore, a cultural-specific knowledge (knowledge of intracultural communication) is required regarding the different verbal and non-verbal communication codes from a particular culture in order to understand and respond accurately to different the social interactions presented during the socialization process among different cultures. This research proposes wearable technology as the preferred tool of communication for the human being, with the potential of improving human intercultural adaptation. Although wearable technology has the potential to assist all the dimensions of intercultural adjustment (verbal and non- verbal communication elements) however, for the purpose of this study, it has been decided to focus on one of these dimensions, direct communication (language barrier). Language is considered as the most relevant mediator that allows the human being to relate and understand each other. Hence, its importance as an initial approach to wearable technology assistance in intercultural adaptation. The design proposal exposed in the present document aims to show the advantages that wearable technology can offer through the implementation of sensory augmentation principles, to improve and encourage an individual in his language learning process. In addition to the integration of augmented reality systems as a provider of a motivating, entertaining, and engaging learning environment. Thus, allowing the individual to be involved in a rich real-time support environment as he performs his daily activities (learning through direct experience).

The goal of this project is to find a way to get people to consume less, by changing what they do to improve their subjective well-being. It was found that the main issue that needed tackling is the fact that, currently, people are addicted to consumption - they depend on consumption for their happiness. The best way to remedy this would be to teach them how to make themselves happy; this can be done by getting them to derive their happiness from Eudaimonia. Eudaimonia can be defined as happiness or contentment derived from your life and the things that you do having meaning, and from good relationships with people you care about. Design intervention testing was used to explore how people would best be taught how to make themselves happy. After some initial explorations of the subject matter, three more effective designs were developed to be tested more thoroughly. Fifteen people tested the designs; they were interviewed before and after using the design to see if any changes occurred. The interviews tried to establish if the designs had any influence on what people’s life goals were, on whether the actions they took were in line with eudaimonia, and on if they would buy items that they did not need for these eudaimonic actions. This testing process yielded three main design principles. In order to help people get better at making themselves happy, a design should: ● Help you reflect on which eudaimonic activities they already partake in ● Get you to connect these actions to the items necessary for them ● Urge you to avoid non-eudaimonic actions and items Aside from these three principles, some insights on how to best implement each of the principles were found as well. To illustrate how these principles and insights are best put to use, some design examples were developed. Firstly, a time capsule was designed which people can put items they are not sure they need into; during the month that the items are locked away in the capsule, it gets people to reflect upon whether they need the items. Afterwards, people are urged to give away any of the unneeded items. This helps people gain an understanding of what they do and do not need. Aside from this, redesigns to eBay, Bol.com and Climate Activist websites were developed to give some examples of how the findings could be used by other designers.

This graduation project explores how white people can break their reproduction cycle of systemic racism. As a result this thesis proposes the final design REcolor, a consecutive three step process that visualizes employees’ apparent normal within work related situations. It appeals to the Dutch belief that manifestations of racism are wrong in order to adjust their behavior regarding reproduction of racism. Within the first phase of this project the context exploration has been examined through an exploration of the systemic level of racism revealing how it touches upon individuals, organizations and institutions. In which manifestations are embedded within cultural and institutional processes. The exploration continued with a focus on the reproduction of the individual within the context of Dutch society. While white Dutch citizens have no intention of executing manifestations of racism, they unconsciously continue to be reinforced and reproduce the cycle of racial injustice. In which white people behave according to the norm that is reinforced through social structures of the dominant culture. Allowing white Dutch people to remain ignorant towards their own manifestations of racism during social interactions. Continuous context exploration of institutional racism placed these individuals in the social structures of organizations and institutions. As such, decisions and products individuals make at work are influenced by their reinforced social structures. Via the distribution of these products like a meeting agenda or a policy within the social network of an organization they gain a power of influence. In other words, organizations hold power to influence the reproduction of during their social interactions via their created in/visible elements. Based on these insights a focus has been put on the individual with unintended racially unjust decisions during work situations. Combined with both the insights of white Dutch people that are unaware of racial reproductions and the acceptance of these as the norm, the design statement became: ‘In order to reduce systemic racism, I want white people to break with work oriented reproduction of racially unjust choices by broaching their apparent normal for review so they can adjust their actions towards their beliefs.’ The final design of this thesis exploration is REcolor, intersecting at individual and organizational levels of systemic racism by visualizing shared individual actions, allowing people to be critical towards the current organizational culture. Reveal is the first step, and visualizes the social relations of an organization to allow participants to be critical upon the societal contribution of the organization. Reflect is the second step in which participants are confronted with the effects of unintended behaviors during social interactions through dilemmas about institutionalized situations at work. Redirect is the third and final step in which a new shared social structure is documented on a visible element allowing participants to monitor undesired behaviors despite the intentions of the actor. Crossing of these manifestations from the visible elements confronted participants with their self perception of an equal society and involvement with racially unjust decisions. The three distinct steps of REcolor facilitate employees to broach manifestations of racism in social interactions in order to adjust their behavior regarding reproduction of racism.

The Tensile headphone is a redesign of the HD6xx line for Sennheiser, to showcase new ideas of haptic aesthetic headphones and explore innovative directions. The project as a whole followed the Research through Design approach. That is, the design detailing of the Tensile headphone was used as a medium to gain knowledge about how aesthetic theories for product design (usually developed for the visual sense), are applicable to the haptic sense. It was found that the researched aesthetic theories (unity - variety and novelty - typicality) can be applied to some extent to the haptic senses, with some factors to be considered. The RtD also helped understand how to better design for haptic aesthetics in headphones, but also expanding to other product categories. There were three main design activities that led to these findings. An exploratory session with four groups of design students helped guide the design process to a haptically novel outcome. Once the design was completed, an empirical test was conducted on one aesthetic principle, testing iterations of the design. The chosen iteration was incorporated into a final design with which the second aesthetic principle was tested in a qualitative study with audiophiles (sound and audio gadget enthusiasts).

In this society, where where people conform to their obligations, don't take the time to dream and make those dreams reality, there is a need for voluntary courageous behavior. By viewing courage as a muscle, we can train it by gaining experience. Courage is defined as battle between someone's fear and someone's will. Fear and will are situated in two different parts of the brain. Courageous behaviour can be influenced in two ways: by changing the beliefs that create the fear and by giving the will some short term extra motivation. Changing beliefs is done by the design of a website that contains knowlegde about fears and how to gain pleasure from fears. Short term motivation to boost the users' will was done by designing a clock that has an internet connection to the website. The users can get their will out of their head by externalising it (make it real by putting it out into the world). By smacking the clock the users transition, together with the clock, from the thought world to the real world where their will is going to be made reality. At that point the clock stops showing the time and motivates the users to pursue their want. When they have accomplished that challenge the user makes the transition back, together with the clock, by making it show the time again. The accomplishment is reflected upon and saved on the website, hence turning it into a repetitive learning experience.

This research-by-design project provides designers with new strategies to design for sustained well-being.Positive activities have been proposed as the most promising starting point to improve well-being (Wiese et al., 2020). Currently, 14 activities have been identified (Lyubomirsky, 2007; Wiese et al., 2019). Avoiding overthinking and learning to forgive were chosen to design for in this project, as few existing products meaningfully support people in engaging in these activities. The Vision in Design approach (Hekkert & van Dijk, 2011) was applied to construct future world views of both activities, in order to create meaningful design goals. Two design strategies were developed for both activities and evaluated by PhD candidates and a design practitioner. This concluded that the strategies meet most of the requirements of a strategy (Wiese et. al., 2020), and could support designers. Recommendations to improve the strategies were composed and presented in the report. The conducted research and developed strategies contributed to existing knowledge by showing how designers can promote sustained well-being on an activity level. Further research should be conducted with more designers to evaluate the strategies’ usefulness in practice more extensively.