In the face of climate urgency and rapid urban change, buildings must become more adaptable to extend their lifespan and reduce environmental impact. Yet, adaptability is often undermined by project delivery methods (PDMs) that are not well equipped to manage, plan, and deliver long-term lifecycle requirements, even though in terms of design, it is technically possible, particularly in modular construction. This research examines how PDMs can be restructured to enhance building adaptability. Using a comparative case study of two Dutch modular projects (a campus office expansion and a relocatable housing development) this study applies a Design Structure Matrix (DSM) and RACI framework to analyze the alignment of technical design, process workflows, and stakeholder roles. The analysis reveals a critical socio-technical misalignment: while modular systems provided technical capability, adaptability was consistently compromised by process-related barriers, including delayed technical coordination, missing lifecycle documentation, and unclear post-use accountability. Findings are synthesized into a structured delivery framework that integrates disassembly planning, modular reuse logic, and iterative feedback loops from the project's outset. This research provides a practical approach for project managers to proactively structure delivery for adaptability. It contributes to the field by demonstrating that successful adaptability is not merely a technical feature but an output of a holistic alignment of the project delivery system.

This paper provides a holistic overview of the evolution of policies towards digitalising energy renovation processes in the European Union (EU). Since the European Green Deal initiative in 2019, EU policies have been increasingly addressing the digitalisation of the building industry to enable evidence-based decisions when tackling environmental challenges. To better understand the development(s) since, this paper integrates a structured policy analysis approach and critically reviews 31 EU policy documents on digitalisation and/or energy renovation. The analysis identified a growing number of policy instruments aimed at supporting a robust use of data, to, among others, improve decision-making and information sharing throughout the energy renovation process. These include Energy Performance Certificate, Building Renovation Passport, Smart Readiness Indicators, Level(s), Digital Building Logbook, Digital Product Passport, Digital Twin, Building Information Modelling, and Digital Permitting. While each of these nine instruments can independently facilitate decision-making on sustainable and/or smart renovations, they also project a significant degree of complementarity between each other. To that, this paper presents the Digital Energy Renovation Framework, which comprehensively synthesises the (inter)relationships between the proposed policy instruments with respect to facilitating energy renovation processes. A key finding is that the integration between the Building Renovation Passport and a data-rich Digital Building Logbook is fundamental to maximise the impact on decision-making throughout the renovation process. To achieve this, ensuring coherence and interoperability of data throughout the renovation value chain is crucial, with the standardisation of data formats and protocols being essential for effective data gathering and processing across these instruments.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is regarded as a representative of digital innovation in the construction industry. However, the process of its innovation is often hindered by the resistance from stakeholders. Many studies view such resistance as a barrier or static outcome, overlooking both stage and pathway perspectives. Even when considered, existing discussions remain fragmented. To fill this gap, this paper integrates diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) and stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory to build a theoretical framework that guides a systematic literature review of 55 journal articles. Based on the results, this study proposes a stage-based and pathway-oriented conceptual model to enhance the understanding of BIM innovation resistance. The conceptual model provides an intermediate theory, providing a theoretical basis for future knowledge development. It also offers stage-based practical references for managers and policymakers to identify and mitigate resistance in the process of BIM promotion.

Dutch housing associations, being semi-public construction clients, have been assigned an important role in helping to realize the national goal of a CO2-neutral housing stock by 2050. To achieve this goal, a growing number of housing associations have added sustainable retrofit projects into multi-year programs. Those programs are being implemented by entering into strategic partnerships with retrofit contractors. The aim of this paper is to explore the rationale behind this asset and property management approach, the process, and the organizational conditions and consequences for the partners involved. To do so, a cumulative case study for research, including seven cases, was conducted. The findings show that the rationale is primarily about improving and accelerating the retrofit process by using the knowledge, competencies, and resources of the supply-side partners as effectively and efficiently as possible. This novel approach increases the retrofit rates and tenant satisfaction with the process. Trust is key in the collaboration between housing associations and contractors. For this, partner selection is an intensive and careful process. The factor hindering the upscaling of the approach is the cultural and organizational changes needed on both the demand and supply side.

Purpose
Owing to the many involved stakeholders, major challenges in the transition to a circular construction (CC) sector have an organisational nature. This study aims to better understand how intra-organisational changes can advance the transition.

Design/methodology/approach
The Delft University of Technology’s (TU Delft) circular campus ambition serves as a single case study. Construction projects are examined through desk research and interviews. Barriers to circular strategies are analysed using a framework that combines the R-Ladder for hierarchies of CC practices with organisational levels used for transition management.

Findings
Most barriers occur on the operational and tactical level, while most possible interventions are located on the tactical to strategic level. Current endeavours mostly target mid-R-Ladder strategies at the operational and tactical level. The linear accounting and project development frameworks remain significant tactical barriers within the campus real estate and facility management (CRE&FM) department. Moreover, strategic tooling such as consistent monitoring and forward dashboarding is lacking. Furthermore, CRE&FM is leading the implementation but is dependent on its parent organisation, in which measurable goals, understanding of their implications, as well as a circular financial framework, are largely missing.

Practical implications
The study provides valuable insight and practical recommendations for (semi-)public RE owners to support the CC transition from within their organisation.

Originality/value
This study advances knowledge on intra-organisational transition management and offers a new analysis framework that combines circular strategies and different management levels.

Er is zelfs een landelijke aanpak optoppen ontwikkeld. Natuurlijk is ook het Platform31 aangehaakt, en publiceert over optoppen een hele reeks zeer informatieve artikelen onder de paraplu van de woningvoorraad benutten. Een voordeel, toegegeven soms ook een nadeel, van vele jaren ervaring met de sector is dat je niet meer wordt verrast, bijvoorbeeld door optoppen. Maar ook van alle andere varianten van het verbeteren en uitbreiden van bestaande woningen die er ook zijn. Er is veel geschreven over transformaties van (naoorlogse) woonwijken, zowel stedenbouwkundig als op het schaalniveau van bouwblokken. Een voorganger van Platform31, de Stuurgroep Experimenten Volkshuisvesting, besteedde er veel aandacht aan, bijvoorbeeld in brochures 'Gereedschappen voor herontwikkeling'. Een serie met zes uitgaven, te weten: 'Een tweede leven voor vroeg naoorlogse flats', 'Optoppen', 'Uitplinten', 'Slopen', 'Eengezinswoningen' en 'Verticaal samenvoegen'. Er zijn ook voorbeelden van aftoppen om woningen en buurten aantrekkelijker te maken. Een ingreep die door verlies aan woningen en daarmee ook huurinkomsten moeilijk voorstelbaar is, maar bij aanpak van een buurt een oplossing kan zijn. [...]

In this deliverable, we will briefly introduce circular building strategies and explain business models associated with CHARM strategies. An overall mapping will be presented on the sustainable business canvas based on the outcomes of related work packages.

The implementation of prefabricated housing (PH) has become prevalent in China recently due to its advantages in enhancing production and energy-saving efficiency within the construction system. However, stakeholders may not always fully realize the benefits of adopting PH due to the emergence of transaction costs (TCs) in the development process of such projects. This study investigated the strategies for developers to make rational choices for minimizing the TCs of the PH project considering their own attributes and external constraints. A Bayesian Belief Network model was applied as the analytical method, based on surveys conducted in China. A single sensitivity analysis indicated that developers influence the TCs of PH through the following three most impactful factors: prefabrication rate, PH experience, and contract payment method. Integrated strategies are recommended for developers in various situations based on a multiple sensitivity analysis. Developers facing challenges due to high prefabrication rates are advised to reduce the risks by procuring highly qualified general contractors and adopting unit-price contracts. For developers with limited PH experience, adopting the Engineering–Procurement–Construction procurement method is the most efficient way to reduce their TCs in the context of China’s PH market. This study contributes to the current body of knowledge concerning the effect of traders’ attributes and choices on TCs, expanding the application of TC theory and fulfilling the study on the determinants of TCs in construction management.

In this deliverable, we briefly introduce material exchange platforms (MEPs) and explain business models associated with CHARM MEPs. An overall mapping will be presented on the sustainable business canvas based on the outcomes of related work packages.

In North-West European countries, the uptake of reusing construction elements following their first use in a building is still low. Although a large number of elements are technically reusable, they end up being recycled by crushing ormelting, or simply disposed of. This results in a high environmental impact and a net loss of economic value. This study aims to define a framework that can guide project managers, public and local authorities, as well as other organisations in setting, measuring, and reporting rates of material reuse in construction and renovation projects. To support this, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 32 construction and renovation projects that have incorporated reclaimed elements. To quantify the effective reuse rates, the data are categorised according to the types of work, functional layers, and type of projects. In summary, achievable reused targets can be determined for the structural layer (1–5% in mass), skin layer 5–15 % in mass), space plan layer (10–25 % in mass), and for outdoor surfaces (0–50 % in mass). Results confirm the contextual nature of reuse practices, emphasising that the achieved rates of reuse are linked to project types in specific layers, and depend on the overall quantity of materials in a project. It also underscores the importance of integrating reuse rate calculations proactively at the beginning of the project, particularly during the preparation of the bill of quantities. This can be accomplished by utilising appropriate procurement strategies, as-built documentation, monitoring material flows during works, and establishing a detailed record of reclaimed building elements.

It is recommended to integrate specific management competencies in academic education to support the transition towards environmentally sustainable practices, particularly in the construction and real estate sector. This paper explores how architectural management education can integrate environmental sustainability within its current university programmes. In recent years TU Delft explored and experimented with various education initiatives to bring forward environmental sustainability knowledge and to connect with policy, societal and industry practices. This paper describes what we learned from both bottom-up and top-down initiatives implementing environmental sustainability in construction and real estate management education. Bottom-up educational initiatives show that knowledge about transition policies, stakeholder experiences, business models and management practices from a European perspective can help students across the globe to apply knowledge into their local context, reflecting on the overarching management principals across stakeholders, institutions, academic disciplines and cultures. Top-down initiatives show that the university has a vision on integrating sustainability in its curriculum, but that integrating environmental sustainability in construction and real estate management education is still challenging. Adapting the academic curriculum to integrate building and portfolio responses to environmental challenges might be a way forward and the experiences from numerous elective courses and educational initiatives can be a basis to identify the development of a future standard curriculum.

In dit artikel trekken wij lessen uit de opzet en contractuele en relationele sturing van een integrale gebiedstransformatie. We onderzochten of en hoe er bij de aanpak van een dergelijke grote maatschappelijke uitdaging (‘grand challenge’) in de gebouwde omgeving rekening gehouden wordt met complexiteit en onzekerheid. Ons onderzoek toont het belang aan van een integrale programmatische aanpak, waarin verschillende beleidsvraagstukken, actoren en middelen worden samengebracht om gemeenschappelijke doelstellingen te behalen. Om meer waardecreatie te realiseren moet de aanpak de complexiteit van de opgave onderkennen. Daarvoor zijn gezamenlijke visievorming tussen partners, aandacht voor verschillende waarden en belangen, en overkoepelende sturing op deelinspanningen noodzakelijk. Onder financiële druk kan gemakkelijk de behoefte ontstaan om complexiteit te reduceren, en meer controle en beheersing te introduceren door te focussen op individuele deelprojecten via strikt contractuele sturing. Dat dient echter het gezamenlijke doel niet. Naast contractuele sturing is voor succes relationele flexibiliteit nodig om onzekere omstandigheden in de toekomst het hoofd te kunnen bieden. Publieke opdrachtgevers moeten meer aandacht hebben voor sturing op samenhang en integraliteit, het onderlinge vertrouwen tussen partners, het gezamenlijk oplossen van problemen en conflictmanagement.

In this deliverable we give guidance for housing associations for circular asset management. The guidance is based upon the circular asset management practises of the CHARM partners, demonstrating circularity in renovation and new construction projects, and the development of material exchange platforms (MEPs). Also, general insights in circular asset management practises have been used. [...]

Purpose-oriented collaborative networks are a potential effective inter-organisational form to define and implement solutions for grand challenges in the construction industry. The governance of such networks must be designed ex-ante and adapted over time by considering the nature of grand challenges around which they are set up. Currently, there is limited understanding of the governance requirements resulting from different analytical dimensions of grand challenges. This study identifies these requirements through a review of grand challenge, wicked problem, and network governance literature. Based on the examination of three grand challenge characteristics (i.e., dynamic complexity, knowledge uncertainty and conflict), we present an overview of requirements across five governance dimensions (i.e., goalsetting, capability building, coordination, roles and decision-making, and monitoring and evaluation). This overview can be used to: (i) guide the formation and implementation of collaborative networks; (ii) explore to what extent the governance structure and processes of existing networks are organised from a problem-based perspective.

Passports for circularity, e.g., digital product passports and material passports (MPs), have gained recognition as essential policy instruments for the Circular Economy goals of the European Union. Despite the growing number of approaches, there is a lack of knowledge about the data requirements and availabilities to create MPs for existing buildings. By deploying a mixed-method research design, this study identified the potential users and their data needs within the context of European social housing organisations. Three rounds of validation interviews with a total of 38 participants were conducted to create a data template for an MP covering maintenance, renovation, and demolition stages. This data template was then tested in a case study from the Netherlands to determine critical data gaps in creating MPs, including, but not limited to the composition of materials, presence of toxic or hazardous contents, condition assessment, and reuse and recycling potential of a product. Finally, an MP framework is proposed to address these data gaps by utilising the capabilities of enabling digital technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence and scanning systems) and supportive knowledge of human actors. This framework supports further research and innovation in data provision in creating MPs to narrow, slow, close, and regenerate the loops.

Passports for circularity, e.g., digital product passports and material passports (MPs), have gained recognition as essential policy instruments for the Circular Economy goals of the European Union. Despite the growing number of approaches, there is a lack of knowledge about the data requirements and availabilities to create MPs for existing buildings. By deploying a mixed-method research design, this study identified the potential users and their data needs within the context of European social housing organisations. Three rounds of validation interviews with a total of 38 participants were conducted to create a data template for an MP covering maintenance, renovation, and demolition stages. This data template was then tested in a case study from the Netherlands to determine critical data gaps in creating MPs, including, but not limited to the composition of materials, presence of toxic or hazardous contents, condition assessment, and reuse and recycling potential of a product. Finally, an MP framework is proposed to address these data gaps by utilising the capabilities of enabling digital technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence and scanning systems) and supportive knowledge of human actors. This framework supports further research and innovation in data provision in creating MPs to narrow, slow, close, and regenerate the loops.

Vijf woningcorporaties in de regio Haaglanden gaan een langdurig partnerschap aan met enkele vaste aannemers: Vidomes, De Goede Woning, Rondom Wonen, Stedelink en Rijswijk Wonen. Dit initiatief - Bouwstroom verduurzaming genoemd - heeft tot doel om in 8 jaar tijd naar verwachting 9.000 sociale huurwoningen te renoveren en verduurzamen. Eind januari zetten de bestuurders van de betrokken corporaties hun handtekening onder de intentieovereenkomst voor deze intensieve samenwerking, waarbij alle woningen in één keer worden aanbesteed.

In activiteit 3 van onderzoek 7.2 is in de vorm van Webinars aandacht gegeven aan de organisatie-overstijgende initiatieven. Deze zijn ook in een bredere context geplaatst van collectief opdrachtgeverschap en inkoopsamenwerking tussen (semi-)publieke opdrachtgevers. Het was de bedoeling om fysieke seminars te organiseren, echter die zijn door de (voortdurende) Covidepidemie allemaal georganiseerd als Webinars.

Oorspronkelijk was IEBB project 7.2 bedoeld als ondersteuning en onderbouwing van het programma De Renovatieversneller. Dit programma richt zich op de vraag-aanbodbundeling van minimaal twee corporaties en twee aanbodpartners binnen één project: oftewel een organisatie-overstijgende aanpak van de verduurzamingsopgave. Het was dan ook de bedoeling dat de nadruk in dit onderzoek zou liggen op de analyse van deze organisatie-overstijgende verduurzamingsprojecten. Dit is later door De Renovatieversneller Collectief Professioneel Opdrachtgeverschap (CPO) genoemd. Na een eerste inventarisatie (zie paragraaf 1.2) is eind 2020 besloten om de focus van het project te verleggen. De organisatie-overstijgende aanpak komt (nog) niet of nauwelijks van de grond. De bekende organisatie-overstijgende voorbeelden en initiatieven die er zijn, kregen daarnaast al veel (onderzoeks)aandacht. In de eerste plaats van de partijen die bij De Renovatieversneller betrokken zijn. Daarnaast had RVO/De Renovatieversneller Brink opdracht gegeven om begin 2021 de bestaande initiatieven nader te belichten (zie https://derenovatieversneller.nl/leerplaats). Medio 2021 is overigens besloten om tijdelijk met de Renovatieversneller te stoppen, vanwege een gebrek aan succes. Van de vier initiatieven die begin november 2020 waren ingediend, was er een te laat met de inschrijving en aanmelding. De overige drie initiatieven voldeden niet aan de voorwaarden en werden afgewezen. Wel ondersteunt De Renovatieversneller enkele initiatieven met processubsidies. Het is de bedoeling dat er een doorstart wordt gemaakt met de Renovatieversneller in 2022. De ervaringen met de eerste regeling en de geleerde lessen worden gebruikt om te komen tot een aangepaste regeling. Uit de eerste inventarisatie van voorliggend onderzoek blijkt dat er veel interessante initiatieven zijn van individuele corporaties die samen met één of meer aanbieders (aanbodketens) het onderhoud en de duurzame verbetering van hun bezit project-overstijgend aanpakken. Deze corporaties blijken vooral behoefte te hebben aan een integrale verduurzamingsaanpak van hun bezit en niet zozeer op het in engere zin energetisch verbeteren van bepaalde woningtypologieën (waarop de nadruk ligt in de Renovatieversneller). Dit onderzoek richt zich op deze project-overstijgende ontwikkelingen en initiatieven. Voordat nader ingegaan wordt op de probleemstelling en de aanpak van deze project-overstijgende initiatieven, een kort overzicht van de resultaten van de eerste inventarisatie.

In the last decades, considerable work has been done regarding service life prediction of buildings and building components. Academics and members of the CIB W080 commission, as well as of ISO TC 59/SC14, have made several efforts in this area and created a general terminology for the concept of service life, which is extremely relevant for property management, life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costs (LCC) analyses. Various definitions can be found in the literature that share common ideas. In fact, there are different criteria that trigger the end of a building’s service life, but the trap that building practitioners too often fall into and that should be avoided is dividing a problem into separate boxes, labels, and specializations without the mutual cohesion and interaction, and ignoring human behavior. Some definitions of service life are discussed in this review paper, in which the cause-effect processes underlying aging and decay are described. These descriptions highlight the continuous interrelation between different criteria for the end of a building’s service life, considering too often neglected and misunderstood causes of the end of life.