This research addresses the barriers in adopting Digital Green Bonds (DGBs), which are financial instruments that integrate Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) into traditional green bond processes. DGBs aim to enhance transparency, liquidity, and efficiency, which can potentially reduce transaction costs and improve sustainability outcomes. Despite these theoretical benefits, practical adoption remains limited, leading to an in-depth exploration through a stakeholder-based case study focusing on the landmark ABN AMRO-Vesteda DGB issuance in the Netherlands. Identified barriers in traditional green bond processes include regulatory fragmentation, market inaccessibility, high transaction costs, gaps in technical expertise, and risks of greenwashing. DLT and DGBs show promise in addressing these issues by facilitating real-time compliance monitoring, fractionalization, 24/7 trading, automation, faster settlement processes, and improved transparency and reporting. However, significant obstacles persist, particularly outdated regulations, liquidity constraints, high initial investments, infrastructural and technical fragmentation, and limited market familiarity with DLT applications. Through empirical findings from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders—including financial institutions, regulatory bodies, and technology providers—this research outlines actionable strategies to overcome these barriers. Recommended measures include developing clear and adaptive regulations, investing in interoperable and standardized infrastructures, conducting pilot projects to demonstrate feasibility, and raising market awareness through education and successful case studies. Ultimately, this research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable finance innovation by identifying practical strategies to accelerate DGB adoption and supporting the broader objective of closing the green financing gap.

The Netherlands is facing a significant housing shortage, with a target of 900.000 new homes by 2030. Bouwstromen have emerged as a promising response to accelerate delivery and improve affordability. However, the organizational and collaborative dynamics within Bouwstromen are not well understood. This thesis examines three active Bouwstromen: WoonST 2.0, NH Bouwstroom and Bouwstroom Haaglanden. Through a comparative case study based on interviews with key actors and project documentation, the research explores how Bouwstromen reshape actor roles, collaboration and governance in urban development. In-depth interviews and qualitative coding are applied to analyze these shifts among involved parties. Findings show that Bouwstromen transform traditional roles: housing associations evolve into coordinators of mutli-year projects within a portfolio; municipalities shift to strategic collaborators and builders step into a reactive product developers role. Early alignment and trust foster ‘no-relearning’ efficiencies and facilitate standardization at scale. Yet, challenges remain in aligning municipal processes, clarifying responsibilities and balancing standardization with site-specific flexibility. This study contributes to the understanding of programmatic housing delivery by linking governance structures to collaboration and IC method adoption. The insights provide a basis for improving permit procedures, strengthening partnerships and supporting scalable housing solutions within the Dutch urban context.

The construction industry is increasingly turning to industrialized construction in response to societal pressures such as housing shortages, rising costs, and sustainability demands. This transition, from traditional, project-based delivery models to product-oriented approaches, promises greater standardization, repeatability, and scalability. However, despite the technical potential of industrialized construction, many firms face persistent organizational challenges. Bottlenecks in internal coordination, role clarity, and collaboration, can hinder the effective development of product platforms.
This study begins with a theoretical background to establish a foundation for understanding the case later on, using academic papers sourced from Google Scholar. The empirical research adopts qualitative methods, focusing on a single-case study of VORM 2050. Semi-structured interviews guided by abductive reasoning align empirical observations with theoretical insights. Organizational ethnography is employed as a secondary method, involving observations of daily practices, meetings, and project documentation. Finally, recommendations will be developed using workshops with VORM 2050 to collectively reflect on tensions and identify improvements to organizational practices.
The primary goal of this study is to support the transition of construction companies towards industrialized practices. This includes a case study of VORM 2050’s ongoing transition, focusing on organizational practices and enhancing understanding through theoretical frameworks. The key outcome is a set of practice-informed recommendations, offering actionable guidance for integrating platform thinking and improving organizational routines. These insights address the lack of managerial perspective on navigating tensions during platform transitions and are applicable to other construction companies. The findings will be shared with VORM 2050 and broader stakeholders, ensuring privacy while making the outcomes available through the TU Delft repository.

The construction industry is increasingly embracing industrialised approaches to improve efficiency and reduce fragmentation. This research explores the development and management of product platforms, focusing on how industrialised construction companies enhance ecosystem collaboration to achieve sustainable business outcomes. The scope of the study includes understanding the process flow of product platform development, managing ecosystem boundaries, and ensuring partner alignment. The aim is to uncover the orchestration mechanisms that companies can use to better align their partners and facilitate collaborative platform development.
The findings reveal that different orchestration mechanisms—standardisation, nurturing, negotiation, and ownership—are emphasised depending on the company’s role within the ecosystem. Keystone companies prioritise standardisation and nurturing, while niche players focus on negotiation and ownership to protect their contributions. Additionally, the study highlights how the companies’ business models, company size, and market targets influence their approach to platform development. Cross-case analysis also revealed that effective management of ecosystem boundaries and regional regulations plays a critical role in product platform success.
In conclusion, industrialised construction companies can enhance ecosystem collaboration in product platform development by strategically balancing orchestration mechanisms and aligning ecosystem partners around shared goals, which are based on the company’s role.

The construction industry, known for its multifaceted operations and inherent complexities, has long sought ways to enhance efficiency, reduce waste and ensure timely project delivery. Risk management (RM) is crucial in preventing unexpected events and keeping projects on track, but current RM practices often fall short, leading to disruptions, inefficient resource use, safety issues, financial setbacks, and time overruns. These issues undermine the purpose of RM and jeopardize projects. Meanwhile, lean construction, grounded in lean thinking, offers a promising solution by identifying and minimizing constraints and inefficiencies. The goals of lean management, like waste reduction and value optimization, align well with RM, which focuses on identifying and mitigating threats to project success. Although there has been extensive research on lean management and RM as separate entities in construction and evidence of their integration in other sectors, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding their intersection in construction. This presents a research opportunity to explore how integrating lean management with RM strategies can improve project outcomes.
This research explores how lean tools can improve RM in the construction industry to enhance the ability of construction organizations to anticipate, mitigate, and respond to risks. It does so by analyzing the RM process to identify gaps and deficiencies in existing knowledge and practices. It then examines the nature and potential of lean tools to address these deficiencies.
The aim of this research is to understand the common issues in construction RM and highlight the potential for integrating lean tools into the RM process to achieve more resilient and efficient operations in the construction sector.
The result of the research is a conceptual lean RM framework, developed based on issues identified in the literature and supported by practical evidence, along with an analysis of lean construction tools and their potential to address chosen RM challenges. The framework spans the tender, planning, development, and construction phases. In addition to the framework, the approach to its application is outlined, including potential short-term and long-term benefits, inherent limitations, and potential integration challenges. The framework’s potential application environment is conceptually explored, and recommendations are offered for construction companies, standard developers, prospective users of the framework and future research efforts.

The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, traditionally characterized by
hierarchical structures, is undergoing a transformation driven by technological advancements.
Despite these innovations, many global companies in the industry have retained their
conventional organizational and governance frameworks. This study investigates the potential of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) to introduce a bottom-up management approach in the ACE industry, focusing on their transformative impact on architectural design methodologies.
The research addresses a significant gap in the literature regarding the management and
governance frameworks necessary for effective collaboration and distributed architectural
design within DAOs. The study employs an extended single case study methodology, utilizing
semi-structured interviews, ethnographic observations on Discord and Telegram, and a
comprehensive literature review. The case study centers on ArchiDAO, the first architect-founded DAO, and its participation in the Evolo Skyscraper Design Competition 2024.
ArchiDAO's innovative vision and task-based model are examined to understand how DAOs
can manage collective and distributed architectural projects. Key findings reveal that DAOs
can enhance project management through transparent and decentralized decision-making
processes, equitable reward systems, and advanced communication tools. However,
challenges such as role ambiguity, inconsistent task completion, and limited blockchain
utilization were also identified.
This study's outcomes highlight the effectiveness of DAOs in promoting decentralized
leadership and collaboration, reflecting practices observed in young architectural collectives.
These collectives, often formed in response to traditional top-down approaches, emphasize
multidisciplinary and non-hierarchical structures that align with the principles of DAOs. The
research contributes to the adaptability of architecture firms in the evolving AEC industry by
providing insights into the integration of decentralized models for more effective and
inclusive project management.

Recently, the academic community has acknowledged the theoretical potential for promoting circularity in the construction industry through the integration of blockchain technology and Material Passports (MPs). Yet, this potential remains mostly untapped in practice, contributing to a significant gap between theoretical frameworks and practical applications. This study therefore intends to explore the potential of blockchain-based Material Passports (BBMPs) by identifying their inherent opportunities and the barriers impeding their adoption into AEC-practice. Based on a comprehensive literature and practice review exploring the underlying concepts of Material Passports and blockchain technology, the research design features a multi-method approach with inductive and deductive logic of inquiry. Method one, semi-structured interviews, explore the first two research questions, followed by method two, a comparative case-study analysis of two early attempts at BBMPs, answering the last two research questions. The PESTLE framework of analysis served as the primary method of analysis to identify and categorize relevant BBMP-adoption barriers. The examined cases revealed a list of opportunities of BBMP-adoption in form of relevant use cases, as well as a final list of barriers for their adoption into industry practice. Aimed at a wide audience, this research contributes to academia and practice by synthesising previously studied aspects, studying early attempts at BBMPs in practice, and highlighting areas for future research by identifying opportunities and barriers of the adoption of BBMPs in AEC industry practice.

Industrialised Construction gains traction as it is seen as a solution to create resource efficiencies in the Built Environment. In practice, this increase in industrialisation leads to an increase in standardisation efforts. Meanwhile, the Circular Economy is incrementally being introduced to the Built Environment. Circular Building is often applied through designing or constructing buildings made out of modular components. The combined efforts of Industrialised Construction and Circular Building, often depicted as standardised modular building or Circular Industrialised Construction, are being researched. However, we know very little about the operation and end-of-life strategies of these buildings.

This research examines the strategies three case companies apply for their standardised modular buildings' operation and end-of-life phases. The research is carried out by conducting interviews with employees of the three case companies. The initial selection of case companies, CitizenM, Daiwa Modular Europe, and Home.Earth, is based on their utilisation of industrialised building methods and their assertions regarding circularity. Additionally, the companies are selected by a few diversifying characteristics, such as whether they are owner/developer, the type of real estate they develop, and the type of components they manufacture (volumetric or planar). After the initial within-case analysis, a cross-case analysis is carried out.

The case studies demonstrate that there exist many differentiating approaches to the operation and end-of-life phases of Circular Industrialised Construction buildings. A reason for these varying methods is on which building layers significant efforts are made to circularise the buildings. An important enabler of circularising the operation and end-of-life phase is to appropriate the design phase and extensively collaborate in or with the manufacturing phase. Additionally, some pitfalls are identified for the application of Circular Industrialised Construction.

Based on the initial results, a Circular Industrialised Construction framework is being proposed. The framework combines the different Shearing Layers Concept and the different phases associated with Industrialised Construction and design. The framework categorises the identified strategies in the different phases based on the Shearing Layer Concept. The aim is to provide a directory that allows companies to incrementally implement circularity efforts or adopt an Industrialised Construction approach.

A construction project is inherently complex, involving numerous stakeholders, lengthy timelines, and intricate relationships, leading to significant risk potential. The increased complexity of construction projects and the fact that a large percentage of projects are still delivered with significant delays and cost overruns has led to the necessity of applying different methods by the project managers and the teams. Agile project management is an example of that as its implementation in construction projects can help increase flexibility, achieve continuous improvement, help the project stay on track without schedule overruns and achieve an overall improved quality through effective collaboration and constant feedback. Despite agile project management's flexibility and continuous improvement benefits, its integration with risk management remains underexplored in the construction industry.

The objective of this study is to propose a framework that could help improve the risk management project by offering a more proactive approach and at the same time enhance people’s engagement with risks. The goal of this thesis project is to support construction companies in approaching risk management in a way that incorporates agile methods.

Implemented in a project and evaluated through questionnaires and a focus group, the framework showed promise in elevating risk awareness and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. However, incomplete implementation of some elements limited definitive effectiveness assessments. Subsequent expert judgment sessions confirmed the framework's potential in proactive risk identification and management, alongside the initial findings of heightened awareness and collaboration. Recommendations for improvement include clearer risk impact depiction and explicit framework objectives communication. Essential for success are targeted risk training, clear vision articulation, and structured step-by-step implementation supported by project managers and risk coordinators.

In summary, the proposed framework merges agile principles with risk management, aiming to cultivate a proactive risk culture, enhance team communication, and mitigate increase engagement with risks. While showing significant benefits, it also highlights the need for adjustments to fully realize its effectiveness in the construction industry's risk management practices. This study underscores the importance of agile methodologies in enhancing traditional risk management approaches, offering insights for future application and refinement.

Globalized universities located in small cities are expanding at a rate beyond the spatial capacity of its host city. The resulting presence of student housing in these cities known as ‘studentification’, have cascading social, cultural, economic, and spatial impacts that lead to, in particular, a lack of co-existence and tolerance between the university community and the local community. Existing research have primarily focused on how studentification has materialized in cities through negative consequences. As the influx of students continue to increase in an unprecedented rate in Delft, a need to understand fundamental conditions that contribute to negative consequences arise in order to propose strategic interventions for their mitigation and transformation. This research aimed to thoroughly understand the studentification process in Delft and recommend a long-term strategic plan towards co-existence. The methods used in this research involved delimiting or expanding on practices of other European cities experiencing studentification through the political, spatial, and socio-cultural lens of Delft. Through this research, the urgency and complexity of studentification were clarified and called for a comprehensive approach that transcended conventional practices.

The use of bio-based or natural materials has been indicated to have prospective reductions in energy consumption, emissions, and costs. Their beneficial impacts have been particularly studied in walls, insulation, and façades applications. On the other hand, industrialized construction refers to the adoption of manufacturing methods in the construction industry with eight main principles: prefabrication, embedded technical systems, planning and control, integrated logistics, long-term relationships, ICT utilization, reuse of experience, and market-focused orientation. This way, houses are being produced instead of constructed which leads to better quality, shorter construction time, and less waste generation.
The case studies show that the integration of bio-based material is even more difficult in modular construction. It shows that the adoption revolves around wood products due to their proven quality and reliable supply. While acknowledging the potential and benefits of bio-based materials, construction companies perceive material replacement not as the most cost-effective option, making the adoption of bio-based materials to the existing system a formidable task. Additionally, the study also underlines the insufficiency of bio-based materials' performance and capacity to fulfill larger-scale modular building production.
Strategic pathways for IC companies encompass supply chain integration to scale up production capacity and joint R&D to speed up product development. Together with the regulatory bodies, companies can increase engagement in bio-based construction to attract more players and develop clear regulations to mitigate the potential misuse of IC applications.